Amir Mahdi Khamaneh, Nasrin Mohajeri, Behrooz Naghili, Nosratollah Zarghami
{"title":"Profiling mRNA and miRNA expression variations associated with cyclin-dependent kinase pathway in the low-grade luminal early breast cancer.","authors":"Amir Mahdi Khamaneh, Nasrin Mohajeri, Behrooz Naghili, Nosratollah Zarghami","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00909-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-024-00909-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Luminal A and B subtypes of breast tumors have fluctuated in proliferation rates, which arise from cell cycle dysregulation in cancer. Besides, microRNAs can regulate various cell processes through integration with mRNA. miRNAs that target the cell cycle are significant because of their prediction capability of prognosis. The objective of this study is to discover the integration between miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-miRNA related to cyclin-dependent kinase. Thirty-four pairs of human primary breast cancer and tumor margin samples from luminal breast cancer patients were investigated to assess the expression levels of CCND1, E2F1, miR-124, miR-503, miR-449a, and miR-449b. Afterward, the expression levels of mRNAs and miRNAs were investigated by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the expression levels between breast cancer and corresponding normal tissues. The protein expressions of E2F1 and CCND1 were verified by western blotting. Further, the correlation between mRNAs and miRNAs was calculated. E2F1 was significantly increased in both luminal A and B patients, while CCND1 was upregulated only in luminal B. Significant differences in all miRNAs were detected in both luminal A and B biopsy specimens (p < 0.0001). The correlation analysis revealed a positive strong correlation between miR-124 and E2F1 in luminal A patient. Moreover, the correlation test confirmed the ability of miR-449a to increase the CCND1 gene in luminal B subtypes. Also, miRNA correlation exhibited the miRNA-miRNA interaction in luminal breast cancer. This study demonstrated the novel miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-miRNA interactions, providing new insights into the molecular integration in luminal A and B patients. The authors propose that this research could contribute to introducing valuable biomarkers for luminal cancerous cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the genetic basis of MODY: insights from next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Metin Eser, Gulam Hekimoglu, Fatma Dursun","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00907-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00907-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an uncommon kind of monogenic diabetes. The major characteristics of MODY include not having insulin resistance and the absence of autoimmunity, early onset, and a family history suggesting autosomal-dominant inheritance. Nonetheless, genetic testing is necessary for diagnosis. The MODY-related genes CEL, ABCC8, PDX1, GCK, WFS1, HNF4A, HNF1A, and HNF1B were examined using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in this investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients referred with a preliminary diagnosis of MODY, retrospectively. A total of 30 patients (18 male and 12 female) participated, with ages ranging from 5 to 56. Eight distinct genetic variants were identified in 17 cases (57%). Pathogenic variants in the HNF1A gene have been identified. Likely pathogenic variants were found in CEL, ABCC8, GCK, and HNF4A. The genes APPL1, BLK, INS, KCNJ1, KLF11, NEUROD1, PAX4, RFX6, and ZFP57 were shown to be mutation-free. Four distinct pathogenic variants are found in this series. Unexpectedly high rates of pathogenic variants have been found in the HNF1A gene. In 27% of cases, there is a family history of vertically transmitted diabetes. The study highlights the importance of genetic testing for individuals with early-onset diabetes and a strong family history of the condition. Comprehensive genetic testing and increased public awareness are essential for MODY.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Cao, Yanqing Ding, Jianxia Xu, Bin Cheng, Xu Gao, Wenzhen Li, Guihua Zou, Liyi Zhang
{"title":"QTL analysis of sorghum grain traits based on high-density genetic map.","authors":"Ning Cao, Yanqing Ding, Jianxia Xu, Bin Cheng, Xu Gao, Wenzhen Li, Guihua Zou, Liyi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00904-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-024-00904-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sorghum grain traits are important agronomic traits directly related to yield and are key factors affecting the brewing process of distill liquor. Exploring the genes controlling those traits is of great significance for understanding the genetic mechanism of sorghum grain development. In this study, we conducted genotyping using Super-GBS technology on a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between \"BTx623\" and \"Hongyingzi,\" consisting of 205 lines. The grain-related traits of the RIL population were investigated in Guiyang, Anshun in Guizhou, and Ledong in Hainan in China. By inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method, a total of 47 quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to four grain traits (thousand grain weight, grain length, grain width, and length-width ratio) were identified across 10 chromosomes. Among them, 20 important QTL were repeatedly detected in multiple traits or environments and distributed on chromosomes 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (5), 4 (5), 5 (1), 6 (2), 7 (2), 8 (1), and 9 (1). Six candidate genes were identified within the confidence interval of these QTL, and they are homologous to genes controlling rice grain development (OsMADS1, RGG2, OsNST1, SMG1, OsGRF8, and OsAP2-39). The results provide a basis for further cloning and functional verification of these candidate genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Kulik, Kinga Treder, Marta Rochoń, Dariusz Załuski, Paweł Sulima, Jacek Olszewski, Katarzyna Bilska, Georgina Elena, Tadeusz Kowalski
{"title":"Measurement of the effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea in reducing Fusarium biomass on wheat straw","authors":"Tomasz Kulik, Kinga Treder, Marta Rochoń, Dariusz Załuski, Paweł Sulima, Jacek Olszewski, Katarzyna Bilska, Georgina Elena, Tadeusz Kowalski","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00906-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-024-00906-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The survival and growth of plant pathogens on crop residues are key factors facilitating the dynamics of crop diseases. Spores (e.g., perithecia, and chlamydospores) and mycelium of pathogenic fungi overwinter on harvest residues, such as straw, and serve as initial inoculum infecting crops in the next growing season. Therefore, targeting overwintering fungi is essential to attaining effective disease control. Beneficial microorganisms offer advantages in controlling pathogens through their ability to colonize and exploit different environmental niches. In this study, we applied qPCR assays to explore the biocontrol performance of locally isolated strains of <i>Clonostachys</i> against various <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens. We proved that prior colonization of wheat straw by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. can be effectively reduced by <i>Clonostachys rosea</i>. We demonstrated that the efficiency of <i>C. rosea</i> to reduce <i>Fusarium</i> inoculum appears to remain at a similar level for most studied strains regardless of the target pathogen and the level of colonization of substrates by pathogens. Efficient performance of local <i>C. rosea</i> strains identifies possible targets for future strategies to control Fusarium diseases in cereals. Our study also highlights the challenge in sequence-based determination of <i>C. rosea,</i> which is crucial for the efficient selection of beneficial strains for biocontrol purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Splice-altering variant of PJVK gene in a Mauritanian family with non-syndromic hearing impairment.","authors":"Malak Salame, Crystel Bonnet, Amrit Singh-Estivalet, Selma Mohamed Brahim, Solene Roux, Ely Cheikh Boussaty, Mouna Hadrami, Cheikh Tijani Hamed, Abdellahi M'hamed Sidi, Fatimetou Veten, Christine Petit, Ahmed Houmeida","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00903-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-024-00903-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PJVK gene was recently shown to create hypervulnerability to sound in humans and was the first human gene implicated in non-syndromic hearing impairment due to neural defect. Targeted next-generation sequencing of over 150 known deafness genes was performed in the proband. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the PJVK variant and confirm familial segregation of the disease. A minigene-based assay has been performed to assess the impact of the variant on splicing. We identified a novel c.550-6A > G acceptor splice-site variant in the PJVK gene in the homozygous state in a Mauritanian child with severe to profound congenital deafness. The substitution was located in intron 4. The effect of the variation was demonstrated by a minigene assay which showed that the variation, an insertion of an additional 5 bp, created a new splice site resulting in the appearance of a premature stop codon (p.Phe184Tyrfs*26) and likely a truncated protein. This result constitutes a new splice-site variant report in the PJVK gene leading to DFNB59 type associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI).</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Kędzierska, Aleksandra Stodolna, Katarzyna Bryszkowska, Maciej Dylewski, Katarzyna Potrykus
{"title":"A simple and unified protocol to purify all seven Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factors.","authors":"Barbara Kędzierska, Aleksandra Stodolna, Katarzyna Bryszkowska, Maciej Dylewski, Katarzyna Potrykus","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00870-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00870-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA polymerase sigma factors are indispensable in the process of bacterial transcription. They are responsible for a given gene's promoter region recognition on template DNA and hence determine specificity of RNA polymerase and play a significant role in gene expression regulation. Here, we present a simple and unified protocol for purification of all seven Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factors. In our approach, we took advantage of the His<sub>8</sub>-SUMO tag, known to increase protein solubilization. Sigma factors were first purified in N-terminal fusions with this tag, which was followed by tag removal with Ulp1 protease. This allowed to obtain proteins in their native form. In addition, the procedure is simple and requires only one resin type. With the general protocol we employed, we were able to successfully purify σ<sup>D</sup>, σ<sup>E</sup>, σ<sup>S</sup>, and σ<sup>N</sup>. Final step modification was required for σ<sup>F</sup>, while for σ<sup>H</sup> and σ<sup>FecI</sup>, denaturing conditions had to be applied. All seven sigma factors were fully functional in forming an active holoenzyme with core RNA polymerase which we demonstrated with EMSA studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Misbah Hussain, Sehrish Basheer, Adila Khalil, Qurat Ul Ain Haider, Hafsa Saeed, Muhammad Faizan
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic study of CES1 gene and enalapril efficacy.","authors":"Misbah Hussain, Sehrish Basheer, Adila Khalil, Qurat Ul Ain Haider, Hafsa Saeed, Muhammad Faizan","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00831-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00831-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enalapril is an orally administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor which is widely prescribed to treat hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. It is an ester prodrug that needs to be activated by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). CES1 is a hepatic hydrolase that in vivo biotransforms enalapril to its active form enalaprilat in order to produce its desired pharmacological impact. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in CES1 gene are reported to alter the catalytic activity of CES1 enzyme and influence enalapril metabolism. G143E, L40T, G142E, G147C, Y170D, and R171C can completely block the enalapril metabolism. Some polymorphisms like Q169P, E220G, and D269fs do not completely block the CES1 function; however, they reduce the catalytic activity of CES1 enzyme. The prevalence of these polymorphisms is not the same among all populations which necessitate to consider the genetic panel of respective population before prescribing enalapril. These genetic variations are also responsible for interindividual variability of CES1 enzyme activity which ultimately affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril. The current review summarizes the CES1 polymorphisms which influence the enalapril metabolism and efficacy. The structure of CES1 catalytic domain and important amino acids impacting the catalytic activity of CES1 enzyme are also discussed. This review also highlights the importance of pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atiye Seda Yar Saglam, Ayse Kalkanci, Duygu Deniz Usta Salimi, Funda Escan, Isıl Fidan, Ozlem Guzel Tunccan
{"title":"MicroRNA expression profile of alveolar epithelial cells infected with Aspergillus fumigatus.","authors":"Atiye Seda Yar Saglam, Ayse Kalkanci, Duygu Deniz Usta Salimi, Funda Escan, Isıl Fidan, Ozlem Guzel Tunccan","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00871-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00871-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are limited number of studies investigating the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Aspergillus infections. In this study, we designed an in vitro aspergillosis model to identify differentially expressed Aspergillus-related miRNAs. For this purpose, carcinoma cell lines \"A549\" and \"Calu-3\" were infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Total miRNA was isolated at 0, 1, 6, and 24 h post-infection. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was conducted to screen 31 human miRNAs that were possibly related to aspergillosis. Up- and downregulated miRNAs were detected in the infected cells. Highest level of miRNA expression was detected at 6 h post-infection. miR-21, hsa-miR-186-5p, hsa-miR-490-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-548d-3p, hsa-miR-196a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-99b-5p were found to be significantly upregulated (p < 0.001) at 6 h after A. fumigatus infection compared with the controls. Among the screened miRNAs, hsa-miR-145-5p (p < 0.001); hsa-miR-583 and hsa-miR-3978 (p < 0.01); and miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-4488, and hsa-miR-4454 (p < 0.05) were found to be downregulated compared with the controls. In conclusion, screening the identified miRNAs may reveal the personal predisposition to aspergillosis, which might be valuable from the perspective of personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long non-coding RNA variability in porcine skeletal muscle.","authors":"Bartłomiej Hofman, Joanna Szyda, Magdalena Frąszczak, Magda Mielczarek","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00860-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00860-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, numerous studies including various tissues have been carried out on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), but still, its variability has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we characterised the inter-individual variability of lncRNAs in pigs, in the context of number, length and expression. Transcriptomes collected from muscle tissue belonging to six Polish Landrace boars (PL1-PL6), including half-brothers (PL1-PL3), were investigated using bioinformatics (lncRNA identification and functional analysis) and statistical (lncRNA variability) methods. The number of lncRNA ranged from 1289 to 3500 per animal, and the total number of common lncRNAs among all boars was 232. The number, length and expression of lncRNAs significantly varied between individuals, and no consistent pattern has been found between pairs of half-brothers. In detail, PL5 exhibits lower expression than the others, while PL4 has significantly higher expression than PL2-PL3 and PL5-PL6. Noteworthy, comparing the inter-individual variability of lncRNA and mRNA expression, they exhibited concordant patterns. The enrichment analysis for common lncRNA target genes determined a variety of biological processes that play fundamental roles in cell biology, and they were mostly related to whole-body homeostasis maintenance, energy and protein synthesis as well as dynamics of multiple nucleoprotein complexes. The high variability of lncRNA landscape in the porcine genome has been revealed in this study. The inter-individual differences have been found in the context of three aspects: the number, length and expression of lncRNAs, which contribute to a better understanding of its complex nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Population identification and genetic diversity analysis of Fritillaria ussuriensis (Fritillaria) based on chloroplast genes atpF and petB.","authors":"Xin Wang, Zhifei Zhang, Yue Shi, Jinhui Man, Yuying Huang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Shanhu Liu, Gaojie He, Kelu An, Laha Amu, Wenqin Chen, Ziqi Liu, Xiaohui Wang, Shengli Wei","doi":"10.1007/s13353-024-00874-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13353-024-00874-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chloroplast genomes of five Fritillaria ussuriensis materials from different production areas were comparatively analyzed, atpF and petB were screened as specific DNA barcodes, and the population identification and genetic diversity of F. ussuriensis were analyzed based on them. The F. ussuriensis chloroplast genome showed a total length of 151 515-151 548 bp with a typical tetrad structure and encoded 130 genes. atpF and petB were used to amplify 183 samples from 13 populations, and they could identify 6 and 9 haplotypes, respectively. Joint analysis of the two sequences revealed 18 haplotypes, named H1-H18, with the most widely distributed and most abundant being H4. Ten haplotypes were unique for 7 populations that they could be used to distinguish from others. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.99 and 2.09 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, respectively, indicating the genetic diversity was relatively rich. The results of the intermediary adjacency network showed that H5 was the oldest haplotype, and stellate radiation was centered around it, indicating that population expansion occurred in genuine production areas. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the population identification, genetic evolution, and breed selection of F. ussuriensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}