Journal of Agricultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Tolerance of White Bean to Tiafenacil Herbicide Mixtures and Control of Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Horseweed With Tiafenacil Herbicide Mixtures","authors":"Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p1","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information on the tolerance of white bean to tiafenacil herbicide mixtures applied preplant (PP) and the efficacy of tiafenacil herbicide mixtures applied PP to control multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) horseweed. The objective aim of this research was to ascertain the tolerance of white beans to tiafenacil herbicide mixtures and determine if MHR horseweed control with tiafenacil can be improved by adding herbicide partners in a surrogate soybean crop. During 2021 and 2022 four experiments were performed to determine the tolerance of white bean to tiafenacil herbicide mixtures and five experiments were conducted to determine MHR horseweed control with tiafenacil mixtures in ON, Canada. All tiafenacil mixtures evaluated except those that included 2,4-D ester caused minimal (≤ 4%) white bean injury and had no adverse effect on white bean stand, dry biomass, height, maturity (as measured by seed moisture (SM) content at harvest), or yield. Glyphosate + tiafenacil + 2,4-D ester and glyphosate + tiafenacil + bromoxynil + 2,4-D ester caused up to 8% white bean injury but had no adverse effect on white bean stand, dry biomass, height, maturity, or yield. Glyphosate + tiafenacil or co-applied with bromoxynil, metribuzin, or 2,4-D controlled MHR horseweed 23-75%, reduced density up to 62% and reduced biomass up to 56%; consequently, horseweed interference with these tiafenacil mixtures resulted in soybean yield comparable to the non-treated (weedy) control. Glyphosate + tiafenacil + halauxifen-methyl and the co-application of glyphosate + tiafenacil + bromoxynil with metribuzin, halauxifen-methyl, or 2,4-D ester controlled MHR horseweed 73-94%, reduced density up to 79%, and reduced biomass up to 86%. Reduced MHR horseweed interference with the aforementioned tiafenacil mixtures resulted in soybean yield comparable to the weed-free control. In conclusion, all tiafenacil mixtures evaluated except those that contained 2,4-D ester can be safely used in white bean. Glyphosate + tiafenacil + halauxifen-methyl and the co-application of glyphosate + tiafenacil + bromoxynil with metribuzin, halauxifen-methyl, or 2,4-D ester provided the most consistent control of MHR horseweed.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are the Most Efficacious Herbicides Applied Postemergence for Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Canada Fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] in Corn?","authors":"N. Soltani, C. Willemse, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] control has become a major concern for corn producers in Ontario. Postemergence (POST) herbicides are critical for the control of emerged MHR Canada fleabane in corn. A study that consisted of five field experiments was conducted in southwestern Ontario in fields with confirmed MHR Canada fleabane to evaluate various herbicide mixtures applied POST for the control of MHR Canada fleabane in corn. Glyphosate + 2,4-D amine, glyphosate/2,4-D choline, glyphosate + clopyralid, glyphosate + S-metolachlor/mesotrione/bicyclopyrone, glyphosate + tolpyralate + atrazine, glyphosate + dicamba, glyphosate + dicamba/atrazine, glyphosate + S-metolachlor/mesotrione/ atrazine, glyphosate + mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate + bromoxynil + atrazine, glyphosate + S-metolachlor/ mesotrione/bicyclopyrone/atrazine, glyphosate/S-metolachlor/mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate/dicamba + tembotrione, glyphosate + tembotrione + bromoxynil, glyphosate/dicamba + tembotrione + atrazine, and glyphosate + tembotrione + atrazine applied POST provided 63-99% control, 77-100% density reduction, and 88-100% shoot biomass reduction of MHR Canada fleabane in corn. MHR Canada fleabane interference reduced corn yield up to 58%; reduced MHR Canada fleabane interference with all herbicide treatments resulted in corn yield similar to the weed-free control. Results of this study indicate that among the herbicide mixtures evaluated glyphosate + mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate + bromoxynil + atrazine, glyphosate + S-metolachlor/ mesotrione/bicyclopyrone/atrazine, glyphosate/S-metolachlor/mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate/dicamba + tembotrione, glyphosate + tembotrione + bromoxynil, glyphosate/dicamba + tembotrione + atrazine, and glyphosate + tembotrione + atrazine applied POST provided the most consistent control of MHR Canada fleabane in corn.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83714028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Capital Relocation of Indonesia: Estimating Food Demand in East Kalimantan and Jakarta","authors":"Tri Wahyu Cahyono, H. Tokuda","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p26","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the current state of food demand and its influencing factors in East Kalimantan and Jakarta, considering the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city. Using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) method and 2021 Susenas data, we have analyzed the impact of variations in food prices, income, and demographic variables on seven food categories—rice, grains, tubers, legumes, animal protein, fruit & vegetables, and prepared food. Our findings reveal that increased income increases demand for animal protein and fruit & vegetables in East Kalimantan but decreases in Jakarta. In both regions, as expenditure increases, rice consumption decreases while the demand for prepared food increases. An increase of 1% in rice prices will reduce rice consumption by approximately 0.334-0.487% in East Kalimantan and 0.126-0.202% in Jakarta. Households in East Kalimantan consume more prepared food when prices for other food items increase. In Jakarta, prepared food consumption decreases as rice prices go up. Demographic factors play a crucial role in determining food demand. For example, public sector employees in East Kalimantan consume more rice and less prepared food, while in Jakarta, they prefer prepared food and consume less rice. It is essential to pay adequate attention to the demand for food for public workers who will move to East Kalimantan and the demographic factors that influence it. This consideration will ensure that the residents of East Kalimantan and those who relocate to the new capital receive the necessary food provisions.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86771313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathic Interactions of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. Might Be Used for Meloidogyne incognita Management","authors":"T. G. Costa, Athamy S. de P. Cruz, Thaís C. de Sousa, T. Michel, S. C. Dias, J. D. A. Engler, T. Rocha","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p76","url":null,"abstract":"The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita infects a large host range causing enormous agricultural losses. Although the control of this pest is mainly based on the use of chemical pesticides, natural alternatives are currently being largely considered, especially the use of plant-derived molecules, as allelochemicals and plant extracts. Solanum stramonifolium is a plant of the Solanaceae family and has been studied for its potential to control RKN, either by the use aqueous extracts of its seeds, or due to its immunity to nematode penetration. Our studies demonstrate that S. stramonifolium has an efficient defense mechanism against RKN completely preventing its penetration into its root system. Additionally, the compounds exuded by this plant in the soil can affect nematode infection in nearby grown Nicotiana benthamiana (-89% biomass for treatment I respectively, and -61% and +57% of galls for the treatments and Solanum lycopersicum (-79% biomass for treatment I, and -83% of galls for the treatments I and II). Herein, external (ED, < 3.5 kDa) and internal (ID, > 3.5 kDa) dialysates were prepared from the extract of S. stramonifolium seeds. Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 inoculated with RKN treated with the dialysates showed a reduced gall diameter in 45% and 35% for ED and ID respectively. Additionally, a significant reduction in biomass was observed in germinated seeds after treatment with ID. In addition, Arabidopsis roots showed changes in their ploidy levels when treated with ED and ID, compared to the untreated control, indicating its effect on endoreduplicating cells. Finally, a partial identification of glycoalkaloids present in the ED and root extracts may help to explain plant immunity to root-knot nematode infection. Results obtained shed light on the defense mechanisms of S. stramonifolium against M. incognita, its allelopathic potential in co-cultivated plants and its biotechnological potential of dialysates obtained from its seeds, representing a strong alternative to the management of RKN in conventional agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91217668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 15, No. 9","authors":"Anne Brown","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p126","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 15, No. 9, 2023.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamic Nature of a Static Headspace Above Frozen Leaf Biomass From a Toxic Brazilian Plant","authors":"Mariah Ribeiro Rocha, Paulo de Moraes Ferreira, M. W. M. Oliveira, M. F. G. Sá, T. Rocha","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p105","url":null,"abstract":"A static headspace method of sampling coupled to a conventional instrumental analytical probe, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), has been applied to examine the volatile fraction above leaf tissue from Palicourea marcgravii, a toxic Brazilian plant that causes sudden death in livestock, and two other surrogate species (Lippia alba and Plectranthus spp.). \u0000 \u0000The unusual total ion chromatogram obtained for the plant of interest is discussed and explained by considering the “dynamic” nature of the static headspace when intact cellular biomass is present and frozen leaves are analyzed concerning the presence and production of methyl salicylate (MeSA), which is this plants main toxin.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74022349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Silicon in the Growth of Jatropha curcas L. Plants Irrigated With Salina Water","authors":"Salina Water, C. L. Amaro, L. Rossato, P. G. F. Santos, L. P. Borges, V. A. Amorim, D. B. Oliveira, F. S. Matos","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p95","url":null,"abstract":"The use of silicon in plant cultivation is one of the strategies to mitigate the negative effects of salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilization on the morphophysiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. plants under saline stress. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at the State University of Goiás. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (plants irrigated with salt water with sodium chloride (NaCl) and electrical conductivities equal to 0 dS m-1; 2 dS m-1; 4 dS m-1; 6 dS m-1 and 8 dS m-1 applied at 80 days after emergence (DAE) and absence or presence of silica fertilization of 1 g L-1 with Si applied at 80 and 95 DAE by volume of 30 mL of the solution with the aid of a spray manual), five replicates and experimental plot of one plant per pot. The evaluations were carried out at 130 DAEs. The absence of differences in the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and visible damages is indicative of the absence of severe toxic effects caused by salinity. The tolerance of Jatropha curcas L. plants to salinity is independent of silicon. The Jatropha curcas L. plant tolerates salinity by minimizing transpiration and remaining hydrated through the water stored in the succulent stem. In addition, the plants control sodium uptake and eliminate toxic compounds through increases in Calcium concentration and antioxidative metabolism respectively.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silicon Sources on Sugarcane Orange Rust, Ring Spot and Red Rot in Brazil","authors":"Bruno Nicchio, F. C. Juliatti, H. Pereira, Marlon A. M. Vieira, Ideon C. Vasconcelos Filho, R. T. Sousa, B. Tubana","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p60","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), but the occurrence and severity of diseases such as orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), ring spot (Leptosphaeria sacchari), and red rot (Colletotrichum falcatum) could be part of several factors limiting its production and is the reason for replacing cultivars. It is important to use other forms of disease control depending on the time required to obtain new resistant varieties. The use of silicon (Si) can provide more resistance to the plant making its less vulnerable to diseases. A study was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. The greenhouse study had 13 treatments (control, fungicide, foliar solution I and II, K silicate, silicic acid at 20, 40 and 60 mg ha-1, wollastonite, agrosilicio, wollastonite + fungicide, wollastonite + K silicate; agrosilicio + fungicide; and agrosilicio + K silicate) with four replications. The field study had nine treatments (control, fungicide, foliar solution I and II, K silicate, silicic acid at 100 and 300 g ha-1 and phosphite at 0.5 and 1 L ha-1) and with three replications. Both studies used a randomized block design. The greenhouse study showed an increase in dry mass of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedling and Si uptake with foliar treatments, especially with silicic acid. K silicate and silicic acid showed lower severity of orange rust than the control and fungicide. On the field study silicic acid at 100 g ha-1 and 300 g ha-1 was more efficient in reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of ring spot compared to the control and K silicate. Fungicide was also more efficient in reducing AUDPC compared to the control as well.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75201476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Characteristics of Cropping Intensity’s Change of Cultivated Land in China During 2010-2019","authors":"Yuanhong You, Yuhao Zhang, Haiyan Hou, Zhiguang Tang","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p10","url":null,"abstract":"The sustained stability of the arable land replanting index is crucial to the national food security strategy. The exploration of the temporal and spatial changes in the arable land replanting index is of great significance for agricultural development and food security evaluation. This study investigates China’s arable land replanting index from 2010 to 2019 using MODIS NDVI image data, S-G filtering, and quadratic differentiation methods. The results show that there are significant spatial differences in China’s arable land replanting index, with the Huang-Huai-Hai region mainly producing double-cropping crops, the Northeast Plain and Loess Plateau mainly producing single-cropping crops, and the area south of the Yangtze River mainly producing multiple-cropping crops. Overall, China’s food production is mainly based on single-season crops. There is a gradual shift towards double-season crops from north to south, with lower replanting indices in the northwest and higher indices in the eastern provinces. The south has significantly higher indices than the north. During the study period, the arable land replanting index showed an overall upward trend. There were significant increases in the replanting index in the northeast, the Loess Plateau, and the northern Huang-Huai-Hai region. However, there was a downward trend in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai region and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is crucial to maintain the effective planting area of arable land in the Loess Plateau and the double-season planting area of arable land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region while also addressing the downward trend of the arable land replanting index in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to ensure food security by stabilizing the index.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89710305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method to Determine the Feed Conversion Coefficient in Farm Pigs","authors":"V. L. Stass","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n9p117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n9p117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to find out a formula for the feed conversion coefficient which is applicable solely to farm pigs. The study was performed by applying a hybrid model of growth of pigs. The model of growth of animals in this research was not advanced, it was published elsewhere. In this study only necessary equations of the model were used. Feed conversion coefficient is a complicated trait. In this research the usually used formula of feed conversion coefficient was revised and transformed. In the study three features of feed conversion were analysed. The reason to distinct the three case studies was that the feed conversion coefficient differs in the same weight pigs under condition that one is a growing animal but other reached its maximum weight. The first case study concerns pigs that reached their maximum weight. The second case study concerns growing animals in a limited weight range. Third one considers a general case; weight range from weaning up to maximum weight. There are three results in this study. The first one suggests a formula for the average feed conversion coefficient in pigs which reached their maximum weight. The second result suggests a formula of the average feed conversion coefficient for growing animals in a limited weight range. Third result suggests a formula of the average feed conversion coefficient for pigs in any weight range between 30 ± 6 kg, and maximum weight.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}