Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the impact of thermal stratification on aerosol behavior in indoor environments","authors":"Sreeyuth Lal,&nbsp;David Grand-Maitre,&nbsp;Yu-Shan Chin,&nbsp;Luke Lebel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ventilation modes significantly impact the dispersion and deposition of pathogen-laden aerosols in indoor environments, thereby affecting both direct and indirect disease transmission. This study investigates the influence of thermal stratification as a result of the ventilation mode. Several HVAC parameters are examined in the experiments, including vent location, air exchange rate, heating or cooling mode, and the resulting conditions, which can be either stratified or mixed. Test aerosols are fluorescein particles in the 0.3–5 μm size range, characteristic of those reported in the literature for human expiratory activities, and releases are complemented by co-injection of CO₂ to allow for a broader measurement of dispersion. A body heat simulator and a heated injection system are used to account for the buoyant plume rise of human exhalation and body heat. Particle deposition on horizontal and vertical surfaces is quantified through deposition plates located throughout the test chamber. Dispersion and deposition are as expected from a lumped box model when the ventilation mode promotes mixed conditions (air exchange rates of 0.5–5 h⁻¹). When conditions were thermally stratified, the location of the return vent had a substantial impact on the measured concentrations; locating the return at the floor creates a dead-end volume at the top half (breathing zone) of the room where aerosols accumulate, whereas positioning the return on the ceiling offer the most efficient mode for removing contaminants. The deposition was an important sink for airborne particulates, and deposition observed on the walls and ceiling was higher than anticipated. There are novel comparisons between the deposition rates and measured friction velocities in the room to attempt to qualify the relative roles of turbulence, gravity, and Brownian deposition mechanisms; however, most of the deposition could be attributed to electrostatic effects. The findings in this study can have serious ramifications for developing HVAC designs that aim to minimize the risk of indoor disease transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A direct and theoretically consistent method for the calculation of the settling speed of prolate spheroidal particles in the atmosphere","authors":"Sylvain Mailler ,&nbsp;Sotirios Mallios","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a new method for calculating the settling speed of aerosol particles with prolate shape in the atmosphere. This method takes into account the known theoretical results on the speed–force relationships for prolate spheroids moving in a fluid, and the results in Mallios et al. (2021) regarding the orientation of prolate particles settling in the atmosphere. Unlike other studies, we focus not on the resistance problem (calculating the aerodynamic force as a function of speed) but on the mobility problem (calculate terminal velocity as a function of the external force). The result of this approach is a set of equations that permit to directly calculate the settling speed of a prolate particle in the atmosphere as a function of its shape and characteristics, which is a very important quantity in atmospheric science since the settling speed of a falling particle is a key factor to determine its lifetime in the atmosphere. With this approach, we show that the settling speed is reduced by up to 20% for particles with aspect ratio 4 compared to same-volume spheres. We compare the results of the present study to CFD results of Sanjeevi et al. (2022) and to laboratory measurements of Bhowmick et al. (2024), the latter comparison showing that the estimates for settling speed from our method is within <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>5</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> compared to the measured value. Finally, since calculating the terminal speed of settling particles is an important issue in atmospheric modeling, we provide a Fortran module implementing the method described in the present study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the morphology and optical properties of graphene oxide for online diagnostics","authors":"Horace I. Looi ,&nbsp;Halil I. Yazici ,&nbsp;Joel C. Corbin ,&nbsp;Rym Mehri ,&nbsp;Timothy A. Sipkens ,&nbsp;Kyle J. Daun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO) particles have a wide and growing range of applications. They may also be converted to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) particles, which are increasingly used in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. However, the downstream functionality of GO and rGO particles depends strongly on their morphology, which is highly variable depending on the synthesis process. Here, we report morphological and optical properties for GO particles in the aerosol phase. These include the mobility diameter, effective density (0.93 ± 0.06 g/cm³), mass–mobility exponent (2.97 ± 0.06), Angstrom absorption exponent (2.48 between 370 nm and 950 nm), mass absorption cross-section (0.99 ± 0.22 m² g⁻¹), and mass scattering cross-section. Although this study reports measurements on re-aerosolized GO powder, the demonstrated techniques and measured properties serve as a foundation for in-reactor optical diagnostics that may allow for online control of the synthesis processes enabling the ability to control and characterize the functionality of downstream particles</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen diffusion battery method for measuring the size distribution of radioactive aerosol employing multi-layer perception (MLP) neural network","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Zhou ,&nbsp;Lele Zhong ,&nbsp;Fa Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Chen ,&nbsp;Junxia Guo ,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise characterization of the size distribution of radioactive aerosol particles is essential for environmental radiation protection. The screen diffusion battery (SDB) method has been extensively utilized for the sizing of radioactive aerosols. Nevertheless, the accurate and rapid inversion remains a significant challenge within this methodology. This study proposes several multilayer perceptron neural network models to tackle this issue. The performance and applicability of models were assessed using simulated and laboratory measurement data. Results showed that the model achieved accuracy of above 89 % at the error noise level of 10 % in the peak shape classification task. For unimodal distribution parameters, the MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) of AMD (Activity Median Diameter) and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> (GSD, Geometric Standard Deviation) were maintained below 1.5 % and 3.4 % at noise level of 10 %. For bimodal distribution parameters, the MAPE of all parameters were below 10.5 % at noise of 10 %. These results demonstrate the model's exceptional predictive accuracy and robust noise immunity. Comparison results in radon chamber showed a good linear correlation between AMD (obtained by the SDB system using MLP) and CMD (Count Median Diameter, measured by SMPS) with R² of 0.888, verifying the practical measurement capability of MLP method. The prediction results can be generated almost instantaneously in the millisecond range, which presents potential for real-time and large-scale measurements. Moreover, compared with the conventional method, this MLP method does not require manual selection of initial iteration parameters and will not produce unstable oscillating solutions. These findings can significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of radioactive aerosol size distribution analysis, supporting improved environmental monitoring, radiation risk assessment and safety protocols in nuclear facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positron emission tomography-based comparison of methods for exposing macaques to respiratory pathogens","authors":"Benoît Delache ,&nbsp;Anaïs-Rachel Garnier ,&nbsp;Cécile Herate ,&nbsp;Francis Relouzat ,&nbsp;Pierre Lê-Bury ,&nbsp;Julien Lemaitre ,&nbsp;Asma Berriche ,&nbsp;Quentin Sconosciuti ,&nbsp;Eleana Navarre ,&nbsp;Noémie Verguet ,&nbsp;Justina Creppy ,&nbsp;Olivier Gorgé ,&nbsp;Jean-Nicolas Tournier ,&nbsp;Frédéric Ducancel ,&nbsp;Laurent Vecellio ,&nbsp;Roger Le Grand ,&nbsp;Thibaut Naninck","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-human primates (NHPs) are relevant models for studies of human respiratory infections due to their similar anatomy and susceptibility to human pathogens, resulting in comparable disease manifestations following exposure via aerosols or liquid instillation. An understanding of pathogen deposition in the respiratory tract (RT) of NHPs according to the method of exposure is essential for infectious disease modeling. Here, we evaluated and compared three conventional exposure systems commonly used to replicate human RT infections: liquid endotracheal instillation (IT), facemask (FM) aerosol inhalation, and head-only exposure (HOE) aerosol inhalation. Using PET/CT imaging with [¹⁸F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) as the radiotracer, we quantified deposition across the upper respiratory tract (URT), lower respiratory tract (LRT), and digestive tract in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cynomolgus macaques. A 98.0 ± 1.4 % deposited dose in the LRT was obtained with IT, whereas FM gave only 28.2 ± 6.4 % (MMAD: 3.1 μm GSD 2.2) and HOE gave 40.4 ± 19.0 % (MMAD: 1.9 μm GSD 2.0). This variability of deposition rates highlights the need for precise metrology tools. The homogeneity of lung deposition was improved and ratio between peripheral deposition/central deposition (P/C ratio) were higher with FM, and particularly with the HOE device, than with IT. An <em>in vivo</em> study of macaques inhaling <em>Bacillus atrophaeus</em> spore suspensions tracked with [¹⁸F]FDG revealed a correlation between radioactivity and spore concentration in respiratory samples (nasal/tracheal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage) after inhalation. In conclusion, pathogen exposure systems significantly affect dose deposition and distribution within NHP airways which may thus impact vaccines and therapeutics efficacy trial in challenge models. PET/CT imaging provides a robust tool for monitoring and controlling exposure to respiratory pathogens, decreasing the number of animals required for studies through precise dose control and tissue targeting. Exposure systems should be tailored to inhalation scenarios such as close contact or accumulated aerosol exposure, to reproduce improve relevance of preclinical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic of infectious aerosols generated by cough from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Taline Canto Tristão ,&nbsp;Mariana Abou Mourad Ferreira ,&nbsp;Pedro Sousa de Almeida Júnior ,&nbsp;Luiz Guilherme Schmidt Castellani ,&nbsp;Manuela Negrelli Brunetti ,&nbsp;Edward C. Jones-López ,&nbsp;Kevin P. Fennelly ,&nbsp;Michael R. Barer ,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Fantecelle ,&nbsp;Saulo Almeida Morellato ,&nbsp;David Jamil Hadad ,&nbsp;Jerrold J. Ellner ,&nbsp;Reynaldo Dietze ,&nbsp;Moisés Palaci","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease transmitted through aerosols frequently generated by coughing and it is still unknown whether there is variability in cough aerosol output throughout the day and whether this may impact patients’ infectivity categorization. To study the dynamic of infectious aerosols generated by cough, we conducted a cross-sectional study on pulmonary TB patients (n = 16) who had their cough-generated aerosols sampled twice daily for two consecutive days for the Cough Aerosol Sampling System (CASS) assay. Most patients were classified as Variable Low Producers and Variable High Producers (n = 10; 62.5 %), followed by Negative Producers (n = 4; 25 %) and Consistent Producers (n = 2; 12.5 %). Additionally, most recovered bacilli (88.7 %) within a respiratory aerosol size range. Although the time of collection did not appear to impact on aerosol infectivity, performing CASS with multiple samples allowed for more accurate detection and distinction among aerosol producers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct inversion for bidimensional distributions of aerosol characteristics","authors":"Timothy A. Sipkens,&nbsp;Joel C. Corbin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol classifiers allow particle populations to be described in terms of mass, mobility diameter, or aerodynamic diameter distributions. When this classification is combined with a second layer of classification, a bidimensional distribution can be retrieved that provides additional insights into the distribution of aerosol properties. Bidimensional distributions are often transformed from extensive quantities related to the measurement (e.g., particle mass) to intensive ones that provide more intuitive insights of particle morphology (e.g., effective density or black-carbon mass fraction). Further, most extensive properties are highly correlated with one another (e.g., particle mass and mobility diameter). This complicates inversion, resulting in retrieved distributions that are considerably broader than the true distribution. In this work, we show that these problems can be solved using a single analysis step to compute distributions-of-interest, phrased in terms of intensive properties. This yields a <em>direct</em> inversion scheme that (1) avoids the need for post-processing to retrieve common distributions-of-interest; (2) reduces the correlation between the aerosol properties for which the bidimensional distribution is defined; (3) makes regularization easier and more objective; and (4) improves the minimum resolvable distribution width by up to 96 %. The approach is demonstrated using both simulated distributions (phantoms) and experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent supersaturation of C2-C4 alcohols and water in a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) to measure naturally charged flame-formed carbonaceous aerosols smaller than 3 nm","authors":"Farnaz Khosravi ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Lewis ,&nbsp;Arantzazu Eiguren Fernandez ,&nbsp;Francesco Carbone","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combustion emissions impact air pollution, and the development of advanced tools to detect and monitor increasingly smaller flame-formed aerosols is vital for implementing ever-more effective air-quality regulations and reducing the environmental impact of combustion applications. Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) can detect both charged and neutral aerosols in very low number concentrations and are of widespread use in atmospheric metrology thanks to their relative portability, affordability, and simplicity of operation. Still, their detection efficiency is influenced by the size, charge state, and morphology of the aerosols to be detected, in addition to their composition, which influences their wettability by the condensing fluid(s). As a result, calibrations are necessary to characterize the detection efficiency of a CPC, especially for flame-formed carbonaceous aerosols smaller than 3 nm, which can have quite polydisperse composition and properties. In this study, two-component (<em>fluid</em>-Water) CPCs resulting from coupling a Water CPC (WCPC) with a <em>saturator</em> inlet operated with either n-butanol (nBA), iso-propanol (IPA), or ethanol (EtOH) are characterized for the detection of naturally charged carbonaceous aerosols formed in an incipiently sooting premixed flame. Khosravi et al. (2023) operated the <em>saturator</em> inlet with Diethylene Glycol (DEG) and showed that the concurrent supersaturations of water and DEG (i.e., any <em>fluid</em> with <em>Le</em> &gt; 1) established in the DEG-WCPC (i.e., any <em>fluid</em>-WCPC) enhance the detection of materials smaller than 3 nm. The results herein demonstrate that the nBA-WCPC, the IPA-WCPC, and the EtOH-WCP have not only comparable or even superior (surely in the case of the IPA-WCPC) performances in terms of the minimum sizes detectable with 50 % efficiency but also the advantages of minimal needs for cleaning the optics and composition-independent and steeper profiles of the size-dependent detection efficiency compared to the DEG-WCPC. This is the case even though the lengths of the CPC stages have not been optimized yet for using the tested C2-C4 alcohols in the <em>saturator</em> inlet. In particular, the use of EtOH as a performant CPC working fluid is the first-of-a-kind, with the EtOH-WCPC already achieving the steepest detection efficiency profiles, a feature attractive for studies requiring sizing resolution, and having the largest room for performance improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Eulerian model of an electrospray of a highly conducting solution with Coulomb explosions","authors":"F.J. Higuera ,&nbsp;I.G. Loscertales","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coulomb explosions of small electrospray droplets of a high conductivity solution of a nonvolatile electrolyte in a volatile solvent are assumed to be nearly instantaneous events in which the exploding droplet loses certain fractions of its volume and charge by shedding a number of offspring droplets small compared with the parent droplet. Using this assumption, and leaving out the inertia of the droplets, an Eulerian model is proposed for the space evolution of a spray of electrified droplets which may undergo successive Coulomb explosions and may also reach an ion evaporation regime in which ions are emitted from their surface by field evaporation, until the solvent is virtually depleted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle size distribution measurement scheme using mass-to-charge ratio measurements with Vacuum Ultraviolet irradiation in medium vacuum","authors":"Jongmin Yoon ,&nbsp;Seungjae Lee ,&nbsp;Taesung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing demand for Virtual Metrology (VM) and Advanced Process Control (APC) in semiconductor manufacturing, the importance of in-situ quantitative monitoring of process results has grown beyond in-situ qualitative monitoring. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) analysis of nanoparticles ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers (nm) in diameter offers a possible method for the quantitative monitoring of plasma processes. However, conventional Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer (PBMS) systems designed for PSD analysis require pressures greater than hundreds of millitorrs for operation, which limits their applicability to modern semiconductor processes that require a medium vacuum. We propose a new PSD measurement scheme to perform PSD analysis for medium-vacuum processes. The hardware configuration includes a Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation chamber and a mass-to-charge ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span>) measurement device consisting of a stacked-quadrupole-based charged particle funnel and Quadrupole Mass Analyzer (QMA). With this configuration, a PSD measurement algorithm is developed using a direct photoionization model-based Non-negative Least Squares (NNLSQ) method with gradient descent optimization. The PSD is estimated from multiple <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> distributions measured under various VUV irradiation levels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> measurement scheme achieves an <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> selection efficiency of 21% and a resolution of ± 3% for singly charged spherical Sodium Chloride (NaCl) nanoparticles at the sizes of 5–50 nm, which follow Maxwellian velocity distributions at 20 °C in the free molecular regime. Furthermore, under ideal photoionization-dominant conditions for NaCl nanoparticles with randomly assigned initial charges, peak-normalized target monodispersed PSDs with distribution change slopes ranging from <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>0.4 to 0.5 <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> can be estimated in the size range of 5–50 nm, with mode errors within 5.6% and Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD) errors within 2.0%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}