Virginia 1619Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0006
M. Jarvis
{"title":"Bermuda and the Beginnings of Black Anglo-America","authors":"M. Jarvis","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Although 1619 stands out as a landmark year in early American history, Virginia was not the first English colony to import African laborers; that dubious distinction belongs to its Atlantic sister colony, Bermuda. The first arrived in 1616, and, by the time Jamestown's \"twenty and odd negroes\" landed, Bermuda had a hundred or more black residents. This essay examines why and how Bermuda's English colonizers deliberately imported African experts from the Spanish Caribbean to solve the problem of properly curing island-grown tobacco and argues that their contributions were critical to the colony's success. Integrated into the island's fledgling society as farmers, neighbors, knowledgeable consultants, and fellow Christians, black islanders were highly visible participants in Bermuda's full settlement. As Virginians wrestled with the novelty of incorporating Africans into their colony, they needed only to look to the east to see Bermuda's nascent slave system emerging.","PeriodicalId":148362,"journal":{"name":"Virginia 1619","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133793257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virginia 1619Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0010
{"title":"The Company-Commonwealth","authors":"","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The Virginia Company, this chapter argues, was not merely a commercial enterprise, a joint-stock corporation, created in order to attract and invest resources in the colony of Virginia. It was a conceived by its members as a political society in itself whose purpose was, in turn, to establish political society in Virginia, to some degree in its own image. It was conceived in terms of the language of the commonwealth—a society of self-governing virtuous citizens—and also in terms of the language of greatness, a company that, through its own pursuit of glory, would augment the power of the state in its rivalry with other European states. These political languages were largely consistent with the political thought employed in English society more generally in the seventeenth century. As a civil society that was separate from the national stage, however, the Company also afforded a space in which it was possible to experiment with political discourses that were regarded as dangerous in other contexts. Two such discourses were the interrelated traditions of democracy and reason of state, which came to the fore in the final years of the Company.","PeriodicalId":148362,"journal":{"name":"Virginia 1619","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117142880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virginia 1619Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0008
Paul Musselwhite
{"title":"Private Plantation","authors":"Paul Musselwhite","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651798.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the other momentous events of 1619, the year also marked the Virginia Company’s first widespread granting of private land to colonists. The private land grants have long been seen as a natural outgrowth of a peculiarly English colonial desire to own and exploit land in the Americas, and as a first step toward the construction of a Lockean liberal settler society. This essay challenges these assumptions by recovering the long and complex debate within the Virginia Company about the virtues and pitfalls of offering planters private land. It traces different schemes for establishing landownership and connects them to competing ideas about market regulation and political economy in contemporary England. The essay ultimately argues that the system of plantation estates that developed in the 1620s, operated by private planters with indentured laborers but retaining some civic functions, was a compromise between these two models. It represented a unique evolution of English thinking about landownership, commerce, and civic order, which can only be fully understood by acknowledging the complex negotiation over private land that wracked the Virginia Company in the late 1610s.","PeriodicalId":148362,"journal":{"name":"Virginia 1619","volume":"739 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116085216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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