Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Bending behaviour of a topologically optimised ABS mesostructures 3D printed by the FDM process: numerical and experimental study","authors":"I. Antar, M. Othmani, K. Zarbane, M. El Oumami, Z. Beidouri","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended to investigate numerically and experimentally the influence of raster angle on the structural performance of an optimised printed structure.The topology optimisation (TO) problem for compliance minimisation using Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method has been solved with a Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) beam under three-point bending, then the resulting optimal design was additively manufactured using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with varying raster angle. The mechanical behaviour of these geometries was investigated and compared. A numerical approach has been developed through a script in Python based on the G-code file and integrated into an ABAQUS to create a virtual sample identical to the physical specimen. The numerical results were coupled with an experimental investigation.The investigation presented in this work showed that the choice of raster significantly affects on the mechanical performance of the printed optimised structures. Indeed, the optimised structure printed with a 90 raster angle has the highest performance in contrast to 45 and 0, while the optimised structure printed at a 45 raster angle has an average performance. The experimental test validated the numerical data with an error of approximately 1.09%. Our numerical results are in good conformity with the experimental outcomes.In this research, we studied the impact of three raster angles (90, 45 and 0) on the mechanical behaviour of a FFF optimised part. The subsequent study will focus on the other print parameters, including the other raster angles.The analysis presented in this paper can be used for manufacturing a FFF optimised structure.This paper evaluates the effect of raster angle in printed optimised structures using a novel numerical approach. The presented results will establish a reference that many researchers can gear to develop the fabrication of TO structures by incorporating printing parameters.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving activities in the processes of ensuring the quality of education in higher education schools and scientific institutes","authors":"J. Obolewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0110","url":null,"abstract":"In higher education institutions and scientific institutes, works are carried out to improve activities by implementing various ideas of the quality of education, treated as newer and more effective forms of ensuring a higher degree of mastery of knowledge and skills in performing the learned profession.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"24 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO2 coatings on titanium obtained by anodising in a 2% Na2SiO3 solution at various voltages","authors":"W. Jastrzębski, M. Wilk, L. Klimek, B. Śmielak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1478","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially pure titanium is recognised as one of the most biocompatible materials used in everyday medicine, particularly in prosthodontics. However, its high reactivity with oxygen and low thermal expansion makes titanium difficult to process, making it less popular as a material for porcelain fused to metal substructures. Analysing the available literature studies, both positive and negative effects of the oxide layer on the titanium-ceramic bond have been found. The given work attempted to anodically create oxide coatings in a 2% Na2SiO3 solution on commercially pure titanium, which could serve as substructures for crowns and dental bridges.Grade 2 titanium discs (diameter 20 mm, height 5 mm) were ground and polished. The alloy composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The samples were divided into six groups and subjected to anodic oxidation in a 2% Na2SiO3 solution at constant voltages: 230 V, 270 V, 300 V, 350 V, 400 V, and a time of t = 1 min. The obtained oxide layers were examined by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition analysis, and SEM observation.Coating thicknesses ranging from 0.65 μm to 13.2 μm were obtained. Besides titanium oxide, an amorphous phase is present in the anodised layer.It is crucial to provide the ideal voltage directly related to the employed solution to maintain the useable thickness of the oxide layers. Variations in oxide layer thickness beyond optimal value may lead to exfoliating if it exceeds 1 μm or present fractures if it subceeds 1 μm.Titanium oxide layers obtained by anodic oxidation are mainly tested on their biocompatibility and tissue integration so important in implantology. However, the given paper focuses on creating oxide layers that may strengthen the bond between titanium and dental ceramics.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the strength characteristics of a flanged joint with a flat gasket and loose retaining rings using a 3-point bending test","authors":"G. Wróbel, M. Kalicki, K. Walczak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.1595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1595","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effectiveness of determining the strength of loose rings made, polymer laminate, using a 3-point bending test of rectangular material specimens differing in form and dimensions from actual structural components.The analysis carried out indicated a method of quantitative evaluation that could be directly related to the operating conditions of the rings. A similarity relation between the critical states of the ring and the specimens subjected to bending tests was presented. The assumed hypothesis of maximum tensile stresses of the rigid outer laminate layers provided the basis for formulating a criterion for the allowable loads on the rings, depending on the assembly tension of the bolts and the operating pressure in the installation.The results of the bending tests, both in the elastic and failure range of the samples, confirmed the validity of the hypothesis about the proportionality of the breaking stresses in the ring and the bending, cuboid sample, made of a similar laminate.The area of dimensional optimisation of the joint with regard to its strength and stiffness criterion is indicated.The method provides a basis for evaluating the strength and tightness of a flange connection by means of experimental testing of specimens made of a laminate similar to the material of the rings. The results of the 3-point bend tests allow for the substitution of difficult tests of complex assembly components such as rings in a flanged connection, including the operating conditions of the connection in a pressure piping system.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling materials database as a Green Kaizen for sustainable development in the automotive industry","authors":"E. Jonda, T. Karkoszka, K. Jonda","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9645","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to present a proposal and discuss the Green Kaizen Model, which is focused on integrated development, ensuring cost reduction and fulfilling the requirements of all the organisation’s interested parties.The authors have prepared and presented the Green Kaizen Model in the study. Its effectiveness has been confirmed in the balanced development of the DPF production process.The development of the model, based on the multiannual experience of the automotive-oriented organisation and its systemic application, has confirmed that its implementation brings measurable benefits in the range of limiting the environmental aspects.The paper should be of special attention to engineers interested in applying Green Kaizen and recycling materials databases to develop processes.The value of the presented paper is constituted by the Green Kaizen Model. The proposed model may create a complex tool for improving the costs and quality range processes and be dedicated to sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thermo-chemical treatment and grinding process of external cylindrical surfaces on residual stresses in 13CrMo4-5 steel","authors":"R. Wójcik, J. Sawicki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9621","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study aimed at determining the effect of the carburizing treatment process and the subsequent grinding process on the residual stresses occurring in ring-shaped specimens made of 13CrMo4-5 steel.During the tests, vacuum carburizing was used, achieving an effective case depth ECD = 0.5 mm. Subsequently, the cylindrical outer surfaces of the samples were ground by conventional plunge grinding and with innovative kinematics using a test stand based on a conventional flat-surface grinding machine. As part of the study, microhardness and residual stresses were measured before and after grinding. Measurements were carried out to a depth of 1 mm. The main component of the stand is an original special device that allows the cylindrical specimen to be clamped. Then the angle between its axis of rotation and the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is set with respect to the plane of the grinding machine’s magnetic table. In the described tests, the axis of rotation of the cylindrical specimen was deviated from its original position by 15 and set at an angle of 75 to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel. The specimens were ground with a grinding wheel of noble electro-corundum marked 38A60K8V. In both kinematic cases of the grinding process, a machining allowance of 0.01 mm was removed.Grinding using innovative kinematics did not cause any significant changes in the microhardness distribution, either for vacuum or conventional carburizing. In addition, residual stress measurements using the Dawidenkov-Sachs method showed that innovative grinding enables a more favourable distribution than those obtained after conventional plunge grinding.Further research will focus on, among others, selecting the angular settings of the workpiece axes relative to the grinding wheel axes depending on their dimensions. Grinding guidelines should include coverage ratio, infeed value, grinding time, and peripheral speeds. In addition, the plan for future research includes measuring the components of the grinding force and the geometric structure of the surface.Grinding process is a crucial stage of steel treatment in almost every industrial branch. In sustainable manufacturing, it is extremely important to produce high-quality items while reducing the cost of manufacturing and taking care of the environment and workers’ health.The proposed test stand, together with the authors’ device, makes it possible to conduct machining of the external surfaces of cylindrical workpieces on a flat surface grinder. In this case, the innovation of the grinding process consists of the non-parallel alignment of the cylindrical rotational axis of the specimen and the rotational axis of the grinding wheel with respect to the plane of the magnetic grinding table.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of additive manufacturing technology on lean manufacturing","authors":"L. Driouach, K. Zarbane, Z. Beidouri","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9641","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate how the use of 3D printing can facilitate the achievement of lean manufacturing objectives. The main goal of the study is to identify the similarities between the two concepts and evaluate how well they complement each other in terms of improving quality, productivity and reducing costs by eliminating waste.During this study, the methodology involved conducting a thorough and comprehensive examination of existing literature on lean manufacturing and additive manufacturing. The aim was to provide an overview of the relationship between these two concepts and gain insights into areas that require further research.Results obtained indicate a need for more comprehensive and detailed examination of the relationship between lean manufacturing and additive manufacturing in the existing literature. The study highlights the potential synergy between 3D printing and lean manufacturing, suggesting that their integration can enhance quality, productivity, and cost reduction through waste elimination. However, it is important to note that further empirical research is required to validate these findings and quantify the actual impact of combining these two concepts.This study’s limitation is that it relies exclusively on a literature review and does not include any experimental testing to verify the suggested connection between lean manufacturing and additive manufacturing.This study can help companies understand how the use of 3D printing can aid in achieving lean manufacturing objectives. Additionally, the study can provide insights into best practices for combining lean manufacturing and additive manufacturing and can help companies to optimise the benefits of both.The conducted literature review provides valuable insights into the relationship between 3D printing and lean manufacturing. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by synthesising and analysing previous studies, highlighting how 3D printing can potentially contribute to the achievement of lean manufacturing goals and how those two concepts can complement each other.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material and construction solutions in the construction of civil defence shelters","authors":"A. Baryłka, M. Szota","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9620","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis is presented of the use of material and construction solutions used in construction, mainly residential, for the construction of OC (civil defence) shelters.The article presents procedures for designing reinforced concrete structures that make it possible to properly determine the load capacity of critical sections. In the present work, a study of the deformation stability of a zone of reinforced concrete sections that is subjected to compression is used. Computational methods based on Drucker's postulate were used to solve the problem. The proposed approach enables the determination of the values of ultimate and failure strains based on the analysis of the loading path of a reinforced concrete section.Generally, shelters built into residential buildings are analysed, intended to be constructed in the rooms of the basement floor. A reduced need for ancillary space, the basement room, is observed. Garage functions are located on the basement floor. The plan contours of the basement are often larger than those of the ground floor. It is possible to design a shelter for the residents of the building, which ensures the greatest efficiency in its use. It is desirable to maintain uniform material and construction solutions while maintaining technological and organisational solutions during the erection of the entire building.The paper indicates the possibility of using some of the material and structural solutions of the housing construction in the realisation of OC shelters built into the basement floor. The construction of free-standing shelters was not analysed separately, but the proposals presented in the paper can also be applied to the type of OC shelters. Some results of the analysis of the adaptation of material and structural solutions of the housing construction to the needs of OC shelters construction will be presented during the symposium.It is advisable to develop models for the construction of OC shelters using contemporary technologies used in the construction industry.Useful tool can be the proposed scheme for improving activities based on the EFQM model.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of recycled PLA and PETG printed by FDM/FFM method","authors":"A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, B. Siwczyk, A. Bączyk, A. Romankiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9490","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to compare the mechanical properties of selected recycled thermoplastics against their equivalents made from new raw materials manufactured using the FDM/FFF additive method.Two materials were tested: recycled polylactide (R-PLA) and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) with the addition of glycol (R-PETG). Reference materials are their equivalents made from new raw materials. Both types of materials are widely available on the market. In order to compare their mechanical properties and to check whether recycled materials do not differ in quality from their equivalents made from new raw materials, tensile strength tests were performed. In addition, the Vickers microhardness was measured, and the structure of printed samples using optical microscopy was observed.The paper presents the results of the static tensile strength test of samples made by the FDM/FFF technology from the tested materials in accordance with the ISO-00527-2-2012 standard. The samples were manufactured at the average temperature recommended by the producer 10C. The results of tensile strength tests indicate that the samples printed at the average temperature show the best tensile strength for both methods of filament deposition.The recycled materials are not significantly different from the reference materials in terms of tensile strength, microhardness and structure. It is reasonable to test other polymeric materials further and check materials from several consecutive recycling cycles.Closing the cycle of plastic used in 3D printing. The ability to quickly transform waste products, e.g. PET bottles, into filaments and reuse them to produce full-value products.The paper presents the results of strength and microhardness tests as well as microscopic investigations of two recycled thermoplastics commonly used in the industry manufactured using the FDM/FFF technology against the background of reference materials made from new raw materials.","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135054361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of mechanical stiffness in lattice structures fabricated with PLA using fused deposition modelling","authors":"A. Eljihad, M. Nassraoui, O. Bouksour","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.9491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9491","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to design and characterise with polylactic acid (PLA) material three cellular structures in the form of lattices which are diagonal-octet-centred shapes for two sizes 6x6x6 and 12x12x12 with a compression test to examine their stiffness using FDM technology compared to polyjet technology.The study used two analytical approaches to investigate lattice structures: experimental analysis and theoretical analysis. Experimental methods such as compression tests were conducted to determine the characteristics of lattice structures. In addition, theoretical analysis was conducted using Hook's law and Ashby's Gibson model to predict appropriate behaviour. The combination of experimental and theoretical methods provided a comprehensive understanding of lattice structures and their properties.The experimental study examined the impact of the shape and size of a lattice structure on the stiffness and lightness of objects 3D printed with FDM technology by PLA material. The research revealed that the 6x6x6 diagonal lattice structure size provided a good balance between stiffness and lightness. While the 6x6x6 byte structure was even lighter, with a mass ratio of 2.09 compared to the diagonal structure, it was less rigid, with a ratio of 0.43, making the diagonal structure more suitable for certain applications. The study highlights the importance of considering both the shape and size of the lattice structure when designing 3D-printed objects with specific mechanical properties; the chosen structure could be a good choice for applications where stiffness and lightness are important.The limitations of the research lie in its limited scope, focusing primarily on the effect of shape (octet-diagonal centred) and unit cell size on Young's modulus of PLA material. Other aspects of 3D printing, such as material selection and thermal properties, were not considered. Furthermore, the results obtained are specific to the printing parameters and experimental conditions chosen, which limits their generalizability to other 3D printing configurations or methods. However, these results have important implications for optimising the PLA printing process. They enable the identification of optimal parameters, such as unit cell shape and size, to produce stiffer, higher-quality structures. In addition, the research is helping to improve the mechanical properties of 3D-printed lattice parts, paving the way for more efficient manufacturing methods and stronger components.Our analysis can be used as a decision aid for the design of FDM lattice parts. Indeed, we can choose the diagonal structure of 6x6x6, which would provide favourable stiffness for functional parts.The paper explores the compression test of lattice structures using FDM technology, which presents a new direction for additive manufacturing. The study takes an experimental approach to evaluate the reliability of various additive manufacturing technologies for creating lattice structures. ","PeriodicalId":14825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135055891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}