{"title":"The Tenth Conference of the European Society for the History of Science (ESHS) in Brussels","authors":"Nadezhda Slepkova","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027160-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027160-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of the Scientific Community at the Naval Department of the Russian Empire (1805–1827)","authors":"Alina Merkulova","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027744-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027744-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the composition of the learned assembly of the State Admiralty Department (SAD). The learned assembly was a special organization within SAD, which was established in 1805 to provide scientific support to the Russian Navy and existed till 1827. The author identifies the persons who comprised the learned assembly, their professions and institutional affiliation, and analyzes the variations in the SAD staff composition. The complete list of the learned assembly members is reconstructed based on the administrative records deposited in the Russian State Naval Archive and the published sources. The available historiographic works allowed elucidating the details of the learned assembly members’ biographies as well as the areas of their scientific interests. It is shown that, rather than a closed community of naval officers, the SAD learned assembly included the members of different professional groups, associated with the Academy of Sciences and other scientific institutions of the Russian Empire. The number of naval officers and the naval department officials in the learned assembly increased over time, suggesting a gradual formation of the corporate scientific community in the naval sphere who, however, maintained their ties with the representatives of the academic science.","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Admiralty Plant on the Shirsha: A Road to Nowhere","authors":"Nikolai Manvelov","doi":"10.31857/s020596060023881-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060023881-1","url":null,"abstract":"The Admiralty plant on the river Shirsha, located 20 versts upstream of Arkhangelsk along the Northern Dvina, was the largest enterprise of the naval authority in the Russian North that filled the demands of the Arkhangelsk Admiralty, located in Solombala, in the foundry and metalwork productions as well as in timber. The number of the plant’s workmen used to be up to 250 people, with the total staff number of up to 370 officers and lower ranks. The main problem of the plant was the low capacity of its machines, as the main source of energy was the water from the local shallow rivers. In addition, there were no mechanical engineering facilities in Shirsha, which made it impossible to manufacture machinery for steam-powered vessels under construction. For propulsion systems to be installed, they had to travel around Scandinavia to the Kronstadt docks. The boilers, too, were often brought from St. Petersburg or from other factories. Another serious issue was the complicated logistics for delivering finished products directly to the Admiralty. To address this issue, the naval authority experts proposed to move the plant facilities directly to Solombala to drastically reduce transportation costs and use available and planned steam engines. During the preparation of the Arkhangelsk Admiralty for closing down it was originally planned to hand over the plant to a private owner but these projects were buried in 1862. The plant was closed down and the remaining assets were sold.","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Childhood in Scientific Environment: A Benefit or a Loss” Based on the Materials of the International Conference “Family and Childhood in Everyday Life: History and Modernity”","authors":"Olga Valkova","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027059-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027059-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skrydlov, A. Yu. Departmental Statistics in the Pre-Reform Russia (1802– 1852) (St. Petersburg, 2022), ISBN 978-5-91155-171-1","authors":"Evgeny Pivovarov","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027159-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027159-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"At the Beginnings of Turbojet Aviation","authors":"Dmitrii Sobolev","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027055-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027055-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of invention of turbojet engine that later became the main type of power plant in aviation. It describes the motivations for the inception of these works, the role of private business in their development, the history of the tests of the first jet aircrafts, and the influence of WWII on the emergence of jet aviation. The sources used in the preparation of this article include the memoirs of the pioneers in jet engine development Hans von Ohain, Frank Whittle, and Arkhip Lyulka, aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel, and test pilots Erich Warsitz and John Grirson. The analysis of relevant Russian archival documents allowed explaining the causes of turbojet aviation lagging behind in the USSR.","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Genetic and Breeding Research at the MSU Botanical Garden from the Second Third of the 20th Century to the Early 21st Century","authors":"Kirill Golikov","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027063-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027063-1","url":null,"abstract":"From with the second third of the 20th century, studies in experimental morphogenesis, hybridization and breeding become one of the main strands in the research carried out at the MSU Botanical Garden. The article reviews the history of the development of these studies at the BG from the said period to the early 21st century in the context of changes in the BG’s institutional status. It shows the role of L. P. Breslavets-Krestovnikova, cytologist and cytogeneticist, N. A. Bazilevskaya, N. I. Vavilov’s pupil and organizing director of the territory of the MSU Botanical Garden on Lenin Hills (Vorobyovy Gory), and A. A. Sosnovets, ornamental plant breeder and cytogeneticist, in organizing and conducting practice-oriented studies of the effects of various types of radiation and chemical mutagens in different species of economically important and ornamental plants.","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ilizarov, S. S. The Moscow Accent. G. F. Müller and the 18th Century Moscow (Moscow, 2021), ISBN: 978-5-907171-57-2","authors":"Andrey Sytin","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027057-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027057-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biography of a Scientist as a Surmounting of Time","authors":"Gennady Aksenov","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027062-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027062-0","url":null,"abstract":"The scientist as an individual is a contemporary of particular historical circumstances who perceives social conditions of his time. On the other hand, he or she is part of a scientific community and is involved in a particular scientific discipline. This duality creates a problem of adequacy of the description. To an extent, it generates an uncertainty relation. The more accurately and detailed the description of a scientist’s personal and social life is, the less accurately the essence of his discoveries and his scientific life is conveyed. A biographer’s task is to find the right balance of these two flows that would allow holding the reader’s attention. In practice, the author finds this balance intuitively. In so doing, the biographer surmounts time. Which and whose time? This article answers this question.","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Session of the History of Science Section of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, Devoted to the Bicentenary of Louis Pasteur’s Birth","authors":"Elena Gorokhovskaya","doi":"10.31857/s020596060027064-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020596060027064-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148185,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы истории естествознания и техники","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}