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Prelude to a Turkish Anomaly: Eastern Thrace Before the 1934 Attacks on Jews 土耳其反常的前奏:1934年犹太人遭到袭击前的东色雷斯
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.06
Jacob Daniels
{"title":"Prelude to a Turkish Anomaly: Eastern Thrace Before the 1934 Attacks on Jews","authors":"Jacob Daniels","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the summer of 1934, acting on signals from certain Turkish government officials, groups of Muslims in Turkish Thrace attacked their Jewish neighbors. This article investigates why Turkish Muslims chose to act on those signals and break a long-standing Ottoman tradition of respecting the physical safety of Jews. Three broad factors are discussed: 1) a nationalist discourse on the economy that portrayed non-Muslims as foreigners; 2) a history of Christians being expelled from Thrace while Muslims streamed in from the Balkans; and, 3) the clustering of Jews in certain occupations together with changing perceptions of that phenomenon. This article emphasizes economic and social developments in the region as well as Turkish nationalist discourse on the economy to argue that the antisemitic violence of 1934 had more to do with local history than with antisemitic ideas imported from Europe. Regional factors that individually were not antisemitic combined to create a social climate hospitable to antisemitism in 1934.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134141841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Antisemite's Vade Mecum: Theodor Fritsch's Handbuch der Judenfrage
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.02
Martin Kitchen
{"title":"The Antisemite's Vade Mecum: Theodor Fritsch's Handbuch der Judenfrage","authors":"Martin Kitchen","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines Theodor Fritsch (1852–1933), a leading figure among the radical antisemites in Germany during the 1880s, who promulgated a \"scientific\" and \"racial\" form of antisemitism radically different from traditional Christian Jew-hatred. From 1907 until his death, Fritsch edited the Handbook of the Jewish Question (Handbuch der Judenfrage), which was published by his publishing house Hammer-Verlag in 49 editions until 1944. The Handbook was a compendium of extremist antisemitic reflections on topics such as the Bible and the Talmud, the Jewish roots of Christianity with particular emphasis on the toxic Jewish influence on the Catholic Church, and the relationship between Judaism and Freemasonry. At the time, sundry financial crises from the Berlin stock exchange collapse in 1873 to the Great Depression were blamed on Jewish manipulation. Germany's defeat in the First World War and the subsequent peace agreements were seen as the result of a Franco-Jewish conspiracy. Germany is presented as the sole stronghold against a world Jewish conspiracy, thereby combining radical antisemitism with a virulent nationalism, which for all its threadbare scholarship and muddled thinking, was to provide the foundations of National Socialist \"Racial Studies\" (Rassenkunde).","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abating Antisemitism in the Wake of the Holocaust: Recent Efforts by the Catholic Church 大屠杀后减少反犹主义:天主教会最近的努力
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.05
D. Porat
{"title":"Abating Antisemitism in the Wake of the Holocaust: Recent Efforts by the Catholic Church","authors":"D. Porat","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the years of the Holocaust, Angelo G. Roncalli, later Pope John XXIII, learned about the unfolding mass murder and tried to support rescue efforts. Upon becoming pope, he initiated the Second Vatican Council, which resulted in the \"Jewish Document,\" or Nostra Aetate (\"In Our Time\"), which exonerated the Jewish people from the collective charge of deicide, reinstated God's covenant with the children of Israel, and denounced antisemitism. Since then a number of papal documents have followed, all imbued with the same wish to foster a brotherly dialogue with the Jewish people after the Holocaust, calling for mutual respect, depicting Jews as the beloved elderly brothers of Christians, and denouncing antisemitism. This process culminated in a long address issued by Pope Francis on December 10, 2015 in which he emphatically declared that a Christian cannot be an antisemite because Judaism is the source of Christianity. This ongoing process of rapprochement between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people is important and is not as well-known as it should be among both Jews and Christians.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122914145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collectivism and the Intellectuals: Svend Ranulf, Émile Durkheim, Fascism, and Resistance 集体主义与知识分子:send Ranulf， Émile迪尔凯姆，法西斯主义与抵抗
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.04
D. Smith
{"title":"Collectivism and the Intellectuals: Svend Ranulf, Émile Durkheim, Fascism, and Resistance","authors":"D. Smith","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ideals of collective solidarity and community are often affirmed by authoritarians as well as by democrats. That double fact has seemed paradoxical to many thinkers, some of whom conclude, or suspect, that the pursuit of collective initiatives and solidarities is reactionary in principle. The fact that Nazi Germany sought to revive the Volksgemeinschaft (folk community) has fueled this suspicion. One consequence has been that thinkers whose views are regarded as collectivist have often been charged with setting the stage for fascism. Accusing fingers are often pointed at philosophers (Hegel, Schopenhauer) and sociologists (Weber, Durkheim). Lately, a subterranean current of accusations against Émile Durkheim in particular has gained renewed attention. Charges by Svend Ranulf and Marcel Déat in the prewar era have been resuscitated. But closely examined, the views of Ranulf, Déat, and their latter-day successors reveal deep confusion about democracy, solidarity, community, fascism, and resistance to fascism.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Antisemitism in Contemporary Latvia: At the Nexus of Competing Nationalisms and a Securitizing State 当代拉脱维亚的反犹主义:在竞争民族主义和证券化国家的关系
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.03
M. Kott
{"title":"Antisemitism in Contemporary Latvia: At the Nexus of Competing Nationalisms and a Securitizing State","authors":"M. Kott","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Present-day Latvia is a multi-ethnic society divided by the traumatic experiences of the twentieth century. It was both a locus of the Holocaust and a society deeply affected by decades of Soviet rule. Today, Latvia’s Jewish community is trying to negotiate its place as a re-emergent historical minority in the space between two dominant ethno-cultural communities, Latvian speakers and Russian speakers. After outlining the expressions of antisemitism in both the Lettophone and Russophone milieus since 1991, this article argues that competing nationalist narratives of threat and ownership of the state best explain antisemitism in contemporary Latvia. The fluctuating influence of the 1941 Rumbula Massacre on popular memory culture is a recurrent point of reference, which illustrates my argument. Recent events suggest a new, more conciliatory, trend where Jews are seen as an integral part of the people of Latvia, rather than as a potential risk to the state and nation.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fictional Tales and Their Narrative Transformations: Accusations of Image Desecration Against Jews in 12th and 13th Century Europe 小说故事及其叙事转换:12、13世纪欧洲对犹太人亵渎形象的指控
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.02
Katherine Aron-Beller
{"title":"Fictional Tales and Their Narrative Transformations: Accusations of Image Desecration Against Jews in 12th and 13th Century Europe","authors":"Katherine Aron-Beller","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the literary topos of image desecration in the religious, cultural, and social preoccupations of medieval Europe and argues that holy images and crucifixes were not merely understood as \"art\" in the modern sense, but as representations, even conduits, of divinity, and their desecration was interpreted as violence against the sacred. The legendary role of the Jews as agents of violence against Christ's body, accused of attacking wax crucifixes or images of the Passion, was transformed, for religious reasons, into that of host desecrators in the thirteenth century.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114965077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Longest Hatred Renewed: A Tribute to Robert Wistrich 《最长的仇恨再起:致敬罗伯特·威斯里奇
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.04
A. Rosenfeld
{"title":"The Longest Hatred Renewed: A Tribute to Robert Wistrich","authors":"A. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The following article is the text of a memorial lecture presented at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on June 13, 2016 at a special program dedicated to the intellectual legacy of Robert Wistrich. Professor Wistrich, who died on May 19, 2015, taught at the Hebrew University as the Erich Neuberger Professor of European and Jewish History and also served as the head of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. The author of numerous books and articles on the subject, he was widely regarded as one of the world's leading scholars of antisemitism.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117043761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Heidegger's Antisemitism: The Peter Trawny Affair 论海德格尔的反犹主义:彼得·特拉维尼事件
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.02
R. Wolin
{"title":"On Heidegger's Antisemitism: The Peter Trawny Affair","authors":"R. Wolin","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.1.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The publication history of Martin Heidegger's work is, in part, a tale of selective and substantive textual expurgations. Only recently, with the publication of The Black Notebooks, has it become clear that many of the Master's pro-Nazi and antisemitic declarations have been systematically extruded from the published versions of his lecture courses and seminars. The following article explores this problem in relation to Peter Trawny's recently published Heidegger apologiae, Heidegger and the Myth of a Jewish World Conspiracy and Freedom to Fail: Heidegger's Anarchy.","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114807622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Islamic Antisemitism: Its Genesis, Meaning, and Effects 伊斯兰反犹主义:它的起源、意义和影响
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.03
M. Küntzel
{"title":"Islamic Antisemitism: Its Genesis, Meaning, and Effects","authors":"M. Küntzel","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Islamic antisemitism is a particular form of Jew-hatred, based on the fusion of Islamic anti-Judaism from the old scriptures with modern European antisemitism. Hence, it is a combination of the most negative perceptions of Jews in both the Islamic and Christian worlds. Islamic antisemitism has strengthened an exclusively anti-Jewish reading of the Islamic scriptures, has popularized European conspiracy theories in the Arab world, and continues to agitate against Israel in genocidal terms. This article concentrates on the origins of Islamic antisemitism in the 1930s, the meaning of the 1937 \"Arab Congress\" in Bludan, and the special role played by Amin el-Husseini during those years. It also sheds light on two documents, which the Nazis used to propagandize as part of their Arabic-language program during World War II: the booklet Islam and Jewry from 1937 and the anti-Jewish hadith about the \"stones and trees.\"","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128797253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Antisemitism (New and Old), Islamist Judeophobia, and the Defense of Israel: Remembering and Using the Work of Robert Solomon Wistrich 反犹太主义(新旧)，伊斯兰教的犹太恐惧症和以色列的防御:记住和利用罗伯特·所罗门·威斯特里奇的作品
Antisemitism Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.05
Frederick Krantz
{"title":"Antisemitism (New and Old), Islamist Judeophobia, and the Defense of Israel: Remembering and Using the Work of Robert Solomon Wistrich","authors":"Frederick Krantz","doi":"10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ANTISTUD.2.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148002,"journal":{"name":"Antisemitism Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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