JDR Clinical & Translational Research最新文献

{"title":"Craniofacial Bones and Teeth in Spacefarers: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"M S Moussa,&nbsp;M Goldsmith,&nbsp;S V Komarova","doi":"10.1177/23800844221084985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221084985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Estimating the risk of dental problems in long-duration space missions to the Moon and Mars is critical for avoiding dental emergencies in an environment that does not support proper treatment. Previous risk estimates were constructed based on the experience in short-duration space missions and isolated environments on Earth. However, previous estimates did not account for potential changes in dental structures due to space travel, even though bone loss is a known problem for long-duration spaceflights. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the changes in hard tissues of the craniofacial complex during spaceflights.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, the NASA Technical Report Server, and other sources identified 1,585 potentially relevant studies. After screening, 32 articles that presented quantitative data for skull in humans (6/32) and for calvariae, mandible, and lower incisors in rats (20/32) and mice (6/32) were selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skull bone mineral density showed a significant increase in spacefaring humans. In spacefaring rodents, calvariae bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) demonstrated a trend toward increasing that did not reach statistical significance, while in mandibles, there was a significant decrease in BV/TV. Dentin thickness and incisor volume of rodent incisors were not significantly different between spaceflight and ground controls.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study demonstrates significant knowledge gaps regarding many structures of the craniofacial complex such as the maxilla, molar, premolar, and canine teeth, as well as small sample sizes for the studies of mandible and incisors. Understanding the effects of microgravity on craniofacial structures is important for estimating risks during long-duration spaceflight and for formulating proper protocols to prevent dental emergencies.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>Avoiding dental emergencies in long-duration spaceflights is critical since this environment does not support proper treatment. Prior risk estimates did not account for changes in dental structures due to space travel. We reviewed and synthesized the literature for changes in craniofacial complex associated with spaceflight. The results of our study will help clinicians and scientists to better prepare to mitigate potential oral health issues in space travelers on long-duration missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/63/10.1177_23800844221084985.PMC10026165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9575640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of DHCWs' Safety Perception on Vaccine Acceptance and Adoption of Risk Mitigation Strategies.","authors":"M O Coker,&nbsp;G Subramanian,&nbsp;A Davidow,&nbsp;J Fredericks-Younger,&nbsp;M L Gennaro,&nbsp;D H Fine,&nbsp;C A Feldman","doi":"10.1177/23800844211071111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844211071111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the association between safety perception on vaccine acceptance and adoptions of risk mitigation strategies among dental health care workers (DHCWs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was emailed to DHCWs in the New Jersey area from December 2020 to January 2021. Perceived safety from regular SARS-CoV-2 testing of self, coworkers, and patients and its association with vaccine hesitancy and risk mitigation were ascertained. Risk Mitigation Strategy (RiMS) scores were computed from groupings of office measures: 1) physical distancing (reduced occupancy, traffic flow, donning of masks, minimal room crowding), 2) personal protective equipment (fitted for N95; donning N95 masks; use of face shields; coverings for head, body, and feet), and 3) environmental disinfection (suction, air filtration, ultraviolet, surface wiping).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 testing of dental professionals, coworkers, and patients were perceived to provide safety at 49%, 55%, and 68%, respectively. While dentists were least likely to feel safe with regular self-testing for SARS-CoV-2 (<u>P</u> < 0.001) as compared with hygienists and assistants, they were more willing than hygienists (<u>P</u> = 0.004; odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.66]) and assistants (<u>P</u> < 0.001; odds ratio, 3.32 [95% CI, 1.93 to 5.71]) to receive the vaccine. RiMS scores ranged from 0 to 19 for 467 participants (mean [SD], 10.9 [2.9]). RiMS scores did not significantly differ among groups of DHCWs; however, mean RiMS scores were higher among those who received or planned to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than those with who did not (<u>P</u> = 0.004). DHCWs who felt safer with regular testing had greater RiMS scores than those who did not (11.0 vs. 10.3, <u>P</u> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding DHCWs' perception of risk and safety is crucial, as it likely influences attitudes toward testing and implementation of office risk mitigation policies. Clinical studies that correlate risk perception and RiMS with SARS-CoV-2 testing are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of RiMS in dental care settings.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>Educators, clinicians, and policy makers can use the results of this study when improving attitudes toward testing and implementation of risk mitigation policies within dental offices, for current and future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029133/pdf/10.1177_23800844211071111.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Quality of Current American Dental Association Clinical Practice Guidelines.","authors":"S D London,&nbsp;S Chamut,&nbsp;P Fontelo,&nbsp;T Iafolla,&nbsp;B A Dye","doi":"10.1177/23800844221083563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221083563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The American Dental Association (ADA) defines evidence-based dentistry (EBD) as \"an approach to oral healthcare that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences.\" Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options. Therefore, ADA CPGs are the most rigorous examples of EBD to inform clinical practice. CPGs should be of the highest level of quality to ensure the appropriateness and timeliness of clinical recommendations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to measure the methodological rigor and transparency of the ADA CPGs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each ADA CPG was appraised by 4 independent assessors using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Quantitative quality scores were obtained for 6 domains and overall quality. In addition, assessors provided a qualitative analysis by providing comments for each item and an appraisal of the full recommendation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A quality score of 75% was used as the threshold for high-quality guidelines. Using this metric, 6 of the current 10 current ADA CPGs were considered to be of high quality, 1 was slightly below the quality threshold, and 3 were considered marginal. Even among those evaluated to be high quality in overall assessment, certain domains did not reach the quality threshold of 75%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the ADA CPGs collectively provide high-quality guidance for the clinician. While the AGREE appraisal guidelines have been used in CPG development since 2016, there is still room for improvement in certain domains (i.e., stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence).</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>The results of this study summarize the methodological rigor and transparency of the 10 current ADA clinical practice guidelines. Since adoption of AGREE standards (2016), CPGs have been uniformly of high quality. The quality of older CPGs was somewhat lower but overall deemed acceptable. Thus, ADA CPGs may be used with confidence to inform practitioners of treatment options supported by rigorous evidence-based dentistry standards. However, there is still room for improvement in methodological quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029135/pdf/10.1177_23800844221083563.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Justice Education in Dentistry: A Qualitative Analysis and Conceptual Framework.","authors":"K L Kontaxis,&nbsp;S Esfandiari","doi":"10.1177/23800844211072778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844211072778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social justice, empathy, and social responsibility are emerging themes in dentistry. Many dental faculties have started incorporating these concepts into their curriculum, but our knowledge of the effectiveness of these initiatives remains limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to understand how students and educators perceive the role of social justice education, if any, in the undergraduate dentistry program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was performed by using semistructured interviews with students, professors, and clinical faculty at the Université de Montréal dental school from January to May 2020. Eighteen participants were recruited through purposeful sampling until saturation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed integrally. They were coded with QDA Miner 5.0 (Provalis). Thematic analysis was undertaken to elucidate emerging themes via qualitative methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes emerged from the results. Certain students were more inclined to be interested in social justice and participate in voluntary community-based activities. There were gaps in current teaching methods, including a lack of exposure to alternative treatment plans (e.g., extractions vs. endodontic treatments) better suited to patients' financial or social situations. Some barriers to teaching were identified, the most important being a lack of time. Desired teaching of social justice would include increased awareness and active student participation and taking responsibility to motivate action to produce social change. The application of social justice in dentistry involves care that is accessible and adapted to a patient's individual needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study provide valuable insight for the development of a social justice education curriculum in dentistry that can be evaluated and validated to train socially competent dentists who can provide patient-centered care to the community.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>The results of this study can be used by dental educators and administrators who are looking to incorporate social justice education into their dental school undergraduate curriculum. The findings serve as a starting point to foster discussions and inspire change to reduce inequalities within the dental health care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/67/10.1177_23800844211072778.PMC10026157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9223399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Kenyan Children and Adolescents with HIV.","authors":"Y Wang, F Ramos-Gomez, A M Kemoli, G John-Stewart, D Wamalwa, S Benki-Nugent, J Slyker, A L Seminario","doi":"10.1177/23800844221087951","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23800844221087951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) have a higher risk of hard and soft oral tissue diseases as compared with their healthy peers. It is important to increase awareness regarding the need to integrate oral health within medical care among pediatric HIV populations. Studies on associations of oral diseases with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in CALHIV are lacking. This study examined the association between oral diseases and OHRQoL in Kenyan CALHIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis was nested in a longitudinal cohort study of CALHIV in Nairobi. CALHIV received oral examinations, and the World Health Organization's Oral Health Surveys and Record Form was administered. OHRQoL was measured with the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire, with the subdomains of global, oral symptoms, function limitations, and emotional and social well-being, with higher scores indicating poorer OHRQoL. Linear regression was used to model associations between OHRQoL and oral diseases, adjusting for age at the time of oral examination, CD4 counts, and caregiver's education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 71 CALHIV, the mean age was 12.6 y (SD, 2.9; range, 10 to <21), and the mean composite OHRQoL score was 12.6 (SD, 11.2). Ulcers (not herpes simplex virus or aphthous) were associated with the worst overall OHRQoL (mean, 21.8; SD, 11.1; <u>P</u> = 0.055) and oral symptoms subdomain (mean, 7.0, SD, 2.5; <u>P</u> = 0.003). Children with dry mouth and untreated caries had significantly higher mean global OHRQoL scores than those without disease (<u>P</u> < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the OHRQoL composite score was 6.3 units (95% CI, -0.3 to 12.9) higher for those who had dry mouth and untreated dental caries; dry mouth accounted for the highest percentage of variability of OHRQoL (9.6%) and the global subdomain (31.9%). Ulcers accounted for the highest percentage of variability of the oral symptoms domain (15.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral ulcers, dry mouth, and untreated caries were associated with poorer OHRQoL in CALHIV. Integrating oral health into the primary care of CALHIV may improve their OHRQoL.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>This study aimed to determine the association of oral diseases with the oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). The findings will form part of the evidence to incorporate oral health protocols into care programs for CALHIV. Oral health monitoring has the potential to increase the surveillance of HIV clinical status, monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, and improve the oral health-related quality of life of CALHIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/b7/10.1177_23800844221087951.PMC10026160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9702765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Overweight and Obesity on Periodontal Treatment Intensity.","authors":"E Kaye,&nbsp;R McDonough,&nbsp;A Singhal,&nbsp;R I Garcia,&nbsp;M Jurasic","doi":"10.1177/23800844221074354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221074354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is associated with greater utilization of medical resources, but it is unclear if a similar relationship exists for dental care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This retrospective cohort study compared periodontal disease treatment among obese, overweight, and normal-weight patients attending an urban US dental school clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Periodontal, demographic, and medical history data for 3,443 adult patients examined between July 1, 2010, and July 31, 2019, were extracted from electronic health records. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from self-reported height and weight and categorized as obese (≥30 kg/m²), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m²), or normal (18-24.9 kg/m²). Periodontal disease was categorized using clinical probing measures. Procedure codes defined treatment type (surgical, nonsurgical, local chemotherapeutics, or none). Logistic regression models controlling for initial periodontal disease severity, age, gender, tobacco use, history of diabetes, dental insurance type, and follow-up (log of days) estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of any treatment among obese and overweight relative to normal-weight patients. The association between BMI and a periodontal treatment intensity score, based on treatment type, number of teeth treated, and number of visits, was evaluated with multivariable negative binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age at baseline was 44 ± 15 y, and severe periodontal disease was present in 32% of obese, 31% of overweight, and 21% of normal-weight patients. Average follow-up was 3.9 ± 1.6 y. Obese and overweight patients were more likely to have nonsurgical scaling and root planing or surgical procedures than normal-weight patients. Adjusted odds of any treatment were higher among obese (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.72) and overweight (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42) relative to normal weight. Obese and overweight patients had 40% and 24% higher treatment intensity scores, respectively, than normal-weight patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate obese and overweight individuals require more intensive periodontal treatment compared to normal-weight individuals, independent of initial disease severity.</p><p><strong>Knowledge of transfer statement: </strong>The results of this study can be used by dental providers and policymakers to better understand patient characteristics that influence the variability in frequency and length of periodontal treatment. Knowledge of a patient's body mass index may be useful in identifying patients who possibly will have a poorer periodontal prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029136/pdf/10.1177_23800844221074354.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9227942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Status and Toothbrushing in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian Children.","authors":"C Fernando,&nbsp;D H Ha,&nbsp;L G Do,&nbsp;S K Tadakamadla","doi":"10.1177/23800844221086205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221086205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries in children is a multifactorial and complex condition. Toothbrushing helps maintain good oral hygiene and delivers fluoride. However, determinants of toothbrushing could vary based on Indigenous status.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic status and adequate toothbrushing practice (brushing twice or more a day) in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were acquired from the National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS) 2012 to 2014. NCOHS administered questionnaires to parents of a representative sample of 24,215 Australian children aged 5 to 14 y recruited using a complex sampling method. Data on the frequency of toothbrushing and socioeconomic status were collected through the questionnaires. Statistical analysis was conducted progressively from bivariate to multivariable regression modeling, stratified by Indigenous status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Just over half of Indigenous children and over two-thirds of non-Indigenous children reported adequate toothbrushing. The prevalence of adequate brushing (twice or more a day) was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.84) higher among children with an overseas-born parent than those with Australian-born parents. Among non-Indigenous children, sex and age, parents' country of birth, number of children in the family, and other family socioeconomic indicators (education, income, private health insurance) were associated with adequate toothbrushing. The prevalence of adequate brushing was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03-1.15) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10-1.21) times higher when their parent possessed vocational training and tertiary education, respectively, compared to those children whose parents had school-level education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were differences in patterns of socioeconomic disparities for toothbrushing practices between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>To promote positive toothbrushing practices in children, dental clinicians and public health professionals must be aware of the determinants of toothbrushing practices. Socioeconomic disparities in toothbrushing frequency were more apparent in non-Indigenous children. These results will help develop population-specific interventions that tackle the determinants to help improve oral hygiene behavior in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Feeding and Weaning Practices of Indian Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Qualitative Exploration.","authors":"B S Suprabha,&nbsp;R Shenoy,&nbsp;K Y Mahabala,&nbsp;A P Nayak,&nbsp;A Rao,&nbsp;V D'Souza","doi":"10.1177/23800844221083645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221083645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the early feeding, weaning, and oral hygiene practices of children with early childhood caries (ECC), their parents' knowledge and attitudes regarding infant feeding, and the feeding-related challenges faced by the parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive qualitative study involved parents of children with ECC who sought dental treatment at an academic dental college in India. Data were collected though focus groups conducted with the 27 parents of children with ECC, using a focus group discussion guide. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Community norms, such as learning from the older women in the families or neighborhoods, guided the feeding method, duration of feeding, and weaning. Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding at bedtime beyond 12 mo of age and feeding sugary drinks during weaning were standard practices, despite knowing the risk for dental caries. Parents faced multiple challenges regarding weaning and were unaware of the significance of infant oral hygiene practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with ECC, infant feeding practices included prolonged breastfeeding or bottle-feeding beyond the required age, feeding at bedtime, and feeding sugary drinks. Although the parents knew that these feeding habits could increase the risk for caries, they lacked the self-efficacy to translate their knowledge into action during weaning. Also, they lacked awareness regarding infant oral hygiene practices.</p><p><strong>Knowledge transfer statement: </strong>The study provides information on the feeding habits of infants that can increase the risk for caries, the challenges faced by the parents of these children in altering these risky habits, and their lack of knowledge on infant oral hygiene practices. Policy/decision makers can advocate for pediatricians and pediatric dentists to incorporate anticipatory guidance or motivational interviewing techniques to tailor the preventive program for ECC for Indian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9575202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Justice in Dental Research.","authors":"J S Feine","doi":"10.1177/23800844231158258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844231158258","url":null,"abstract":"The renowned father of modern pathology, Rudolf Virchow, stated that “medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale” (Mackenbach 2009). Virchow’s beliefs stemmed from his experiences during the Silesian typhus epidemic in the mid-19th century after having observed the living conditions of communities most affected by the disease. Due to his belief that health is determined by one’s social conditions, his numerous essays and his subsequent political activities aimed to improve these determinants of health, he is also credited with being the father of social medicine (Lange 2021). The American Public Health Association (2023) describes these social determinants of health as follows: “The social circumstances in which we are born, live, and work play a greater role in longevity and overall health in the United States than genes, health insurance, and access to health services.” Because social determinants of health are primary factors associated with wellness and disease, it is politicians who are best positioned to facilitate social justice in health (Meili and Hewett 2016). Meili and Hewett (2016) emphasize that “if politicians truly did see themselves as the public’s physicians, we would have a far healthier society to show for it.” Those of us who are not politicians can address social justice issues within our own domains. While we are likely to be cognizant of the concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion, we may not know exactly how to incorporate these principles within our own research programs. In this journal issue, Fleming and Burgette (2023) provide us with 3 specific steps that we can take to “integrate and sustain” equity, diversity, and inclusion within our oral health research programs. In this very engaging commentary, they clarify the issues and describe practical steps that can readily be taken to enrich our research proposals, reduce bias, and communicate appropriately. Of course, social justice must also extend to interactions between patients and their oral health care providers. Thus, educators have begun to include social justice principles within undergraduate dental education curricula. However, more research is needed to understand and address the barriers to equity in our dental students’ populations. To address this issue, Kontaxis and Esfandiari (2023) interviewed senior dental students, clinical instructors, and professors in a French-Canadian dental school on their perceptions of social justice and social justice education (SJE). Based on these interviews, the authors describe barriers to SJE, as well as administrative actions and teaching approaches that could lead to more effective social justice education outcomes (Kontaxis and Esfandiari 2023). Beyond the realm of social justice (“in a galaxy far, far away”), this issue also includes an illuminating research report on space travel. Space travel will become even more possible for larger numbers of people in the not-so-","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering the Vulnerable Populations of Young and Old.","authors":"J S Feine","doi":"10.1177/23800844221141630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23800844221141630","url":null,"abstract":"It is no surprise that many of the reports in this January 2023 issue focus on 2 of the most vulnerable populations worldwide for poor oral health: children and older adults. Ahmed et al. (2021) describe a quantitative analysis of almost 2.5 million children enrolled in the US Medicaid system. Consistent with previous published literature, their analysis indicates that children who have their first dental visit at the age of 4 y have significantly higher hazard ratios for dental caries (more than 5 times greater) than children who have their first dental visits at the age of 1 y. These findings further support the recommendations of professional groups that children should have their first oral health exam before they reach 12 mo of age. Regardless, Burgette et al. (2021) used social network analyses, through interviews of mothers of young children, to understand how the information that mothers heard from dentists in their social network agreed with the evidence-based recommendations of professional groups that children should have a first appointment with a dentist by age 1. The authors report that most mothers’ relationships with dentists were in a professional, rather than a social, capacity and that many dentists did not follow these recommendations for children’s first oral health exam, telling the mothers to wait until the age of 3 y. This reluctance of dentists to see children at 1 year of age may be due to a lack of skill or confidence in managing young children. Based on their results, and combined with the results from previous published studies, the authors encourage mandatory infant oral health training in predoctoral dental curricula. Evidence that many clinicians are reluctant to work with young children at 1 y of age suggests that other populations presenting with behavioral problems might experience the same reluctance. Parry et al. (2021) carried out a qualitative study in which parents of autistic children and young adults describe the obstacles to dental care that their children have faced and discuss what they think is needed to address these barriers. Based on the parents’ comments, the authors categorized the issues and developed a model of interventions aimed to improve access and care for those with autism. Health services studies in which feedback from the affected population is used as an essential starting point for program development are crucial and more likely to result in a successful program. Older populations worldwide are rapidly growing. Thus, we need more information and evidence to provide and ensure access to care, as well as appropriate preventive and treatment strategies for this population with diverse needs. Honeywell et al. (2022) measured the number of teeth, as well as the number of pairs of posterior and anterior occluding teeth, and the nutritional status of 305 adults aged 65 to 89 y of age. Consistent with other studies, they found that elders with fewer teeth and occluding quadrants were more at ","PeriodicalId":14783,"journal":{"name":"JDR Clinical & Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10475232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}