The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Landscape-Cartographic Analysis of Changes in the Taxonomic Diversity of Soils Zoocenoses in Baikal Region","authors":"E. P. Bessolitsyna","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a landscape-ecological analysis of the mesopopulation structure of the geosystems in the Baikal region. The regularities of changes in the quantitative characteristics and taxonomic diversity of invertebrate communities in the landscape-ecological range under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors at different levels of the organization of geographical space are considered. The data were obtained as a result of a detailed study of the quantitative characteristics of invertebrate communities in the key polygons of the taiga, mountain-taiga and steppe geosystems of the Lake Baikal basin. Numerous cartographic materials, information about the soil cover and the state of vegetation are analyzed, data on the heat supply and moisture supply of soils are taken into account. The main trend of changing the diversity of pedobiont communities is a decrease of species number in the gradient of increasing aridity of the climate, increasing hypothermia and anthropogenic pressure. Based on the data obtained, the map “Taxonomic diversity of soil-biotic communities in the geosystems of the Lake Baikal basin” is presented. Conservation of biological diversity is considered as one of the most important conditions for sustainable development and rational use of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121407800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Selenga-Vitim Downwarp to the Vitim Plateau: Cenozoic Sedimentation and Volcanism","authors":"I. Chuvashova, A. Hassan, A. Hamoud, S. Kovalenko, N. Rudneva, S. Rasskazov","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.27.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.27.138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114069572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoprofiling System for Online Monitoring of the Active Layer Based on the Deep-Water Neutrino Telescope Baikal-GVD","authors":"I. Aslamov, M. Makarov, R. Gnatovsky, I. A. Portianskaya","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.42.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.42.3","url":null,"abstract":"For continuous monitoring of the vertical distribution of temperature in Lake Baikal, as an indirect measure of dynamic processes, a system of distributed temperature sensors was developed in the Laboratory of Hydrology and Hydrophysics of the Limnological Institute of the SB RAS. The system allows to obtain instant vertical temperature profiles with up to 1 Hz frequency and 1 mK resolution. Additionally, each sensor is equipped with a microheater activated by adressed command to implement the thermanemometric mode of operation, to estimate the velocity of water flows. The pilot sample of the thermistor chain contains 11 temperature sensors located along the depth from 20 to 120 meters with a 10 meters step, and covers the active layer of Lake Baikal with the major changes during the year. The developed thermistor chain was integrated into one of the strings of the BaikalGVD neutrino telescope and connected to the specially developed data logger which placed in the telecommunication spherical module. In this article, we give a brief description of the temperature profiling system and preliminary results of tests in the open Baikal during 2022. The obtained measurement results allowed us to consider the temporal variability of the active layer temperature by analyzing its power spectral density. The developed monitoring system allows obtaining qualitatively new hydrophysical data on the state of the active layer of the pelagic part of Lake Baikal in real time.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geosystems of the Barguzin Ridge","authors":"Z. O. Litvintseva","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.63","url":null,"abstract":"The study of geosystems of geodynamically active territories and their mapping is one of the urgent tasks of modern geographical research. The long period of formation and development of the Barguzin ridge determined the specifics of geosystems and their components. The conducted research allowed us to identify five physical and geographical areas, each of which has its own unique features. Within the large tectonic faults, which are characterized by an influx of endogenous heat and hot mineral springs are common, there is the largest accumulation of Miocene-Pliocene relics that have been preserved here since the Pleistocene cold snap. The development of the dark coniferous taiga is confined to the areas of distribution of acidic granites. Currently, pyrogenic impact is of great importance in the development of geosystems of the Barguzin ridge, which is reflected in the spread of derived forests that have arisen in the places of large fires. Frequent fires can cause the disappearance of dark coniferous taiga, as the process of restoring geosystems will be replaced by their transformation. The specifics of geosystems and their current state are reflected in the medium-scale map of geosystems of the central part of the western macroslope of the Barguzin ridge, which is presented in the article. The map was made for the first time at a scale of 1: 200000 to the level of facies groups.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121954165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Issue of the Presence of the Occurrence of Rare Earth Elements in the Structure of Chromium Pyrope Garnet","authors":"V. Lin, A. Turkin, A. Chepurov","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.71","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REE) in garnet are of interest in various fields of modern geology. The geochemistry of REEs in magmatic minerals is widely used in determining the distribution coefficients of crystal/melt and crystal/fluid, modeling the processes of melting and crystallization of magmatic rocks, studying deep mantle processes, age estimates and other issues of petrogenesis. The aim of the present work was a synthesis of a peridotite mineral association including the garnet containing REE at high pressure and high temperature. The initial sample consisted mainly of natural serpentine collected from ophiolites of the Eastern Sayan (Russia). As is known, the extreme stage of the regressive metamorphism of peridotites is serpentinization. It is depleted in calcium, but can recrystallize at high PT conditions into a harzburgite paragenesis, and at the initial stage of the experiment the chemical composition of the sample was a model harzburgite depleted in calcium and chromium, as well as a fluid of predominantly aqueous composition. As a source of chromium, chromite grains of 1–2 mm in size from peridotite xenoliths of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutia) were used. REE were added to the initial charge in the form of water-soluble salts. The experiment at a pressure of 5 GPa and temperature 1300 was performed on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split sphere” type (BARS) designed and developed at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. A container based on refractory oxide ZrO2 was used as a highpressure medium. The pressure in the cell before sample heating was estimated using the reference substances Bi and PbSe. The temperature was measured by a platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple PtRh30-PtRh6. The quenched was performed by switching off the voltage in the heater circuit. The experiment products contain an association of olivine + garnet + orthopyroxene + newly formed spinel. The predominant phase was olivine of a forsterite composition. A low-Fe orthopyroxene (1.49 – 1.68 wt% FeO) was found in elongated grains uniformly distributed throughout the sample. The newly formed spinel shows the faceted grains. The chromium content in the spinel significantly exceeds that of the initially added to the initial charge, 61.63 and 54.04 wt% Cr2O3, respectively. The garnet is characterized by a purple color, and was identified in the sample volume between olivine grains in the form of individual faceted crystals or their clusters. The largest garnets reached 0.5 mm in size. The synthesized garnet was determined as a high-Cr low-Ca pyrope variety. The contents of Cr2O3 and CaO are 10.15-11.21 and 0.06-0.11 wt%, respectively. The total content of REE in the garnet identified by the microprobe analysis is relatively high reaching 5-7 wt%. As a result of the work a mineral association corresponding to the peridotite paragenesis was obtained, including the subcalcic Crrich pyrope containing rare earth elements in signif","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122053792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Variability of an Urban Heat Island in Yekaterinburg","authors":"A. A. Gornostaeva, D. Demezhko, B. D. Khatskevich","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2023.43.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2023.43.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the analysis of temporal variability of the urban heat island (UHI) in the field of surface air temperatures in Yekaterinburg using the data on meteorological observations on weather stations “Yekaterinburg” and “Verkhnee Dubrovo”. The UHI intensity variations have been analyzed for the periods from annual/interannual to diurnal. The sustainable effect of the urban heat island is manifested in all seasons. Annual cycles of monthly averaged UHI values demonstrates “W”-shaped form with maxima of about 1.0 ºС in February/March and in three summer months. Summer maximum is generally determined by maximal diurnal (night) UHI values. The maximum in February/March is related to the increased minimum daily values. From the 50s of the 20th century “W”-shaped annual curve of the UHI intensity remained unchanged under the increase in mean annual UHI values while growing at a rate of 1.31 ºС/100 years to the beginning of the 80s. At the same time, summer maximum increased at a faster rate in comparison with the winter one. Since the beginning of the 80s, the mean annual UHI intensity has stabilized at the level of 0.8 ºС. In a diurnal cycle, the maximal UHI intensity (to 2.4 ºС) is observed in May-July after the sunset. Maximal daily UHI intensity values in summer months are associated with a slower cooling of the city in high-rise building area. The local afternoon maximum (up to 0.8 ºС) caused by the insolation maximum under low albedo value of the urban coverage occurs also from May to July. In the autumn-winter period and at the beginning of spring, the daily amplitude of the UHI intensity decreases due to a decrease in the maximum of UHI and a slight increase in the minimum one. The increase in the minimum UHI values is facilitated by cloudiness, snow cover, calm wind conditions, an increase in the concentration of aerosol and water vapor near the surface and anthropogenic heat emissions. The study results can be used in fundamental and applied climatology, in the development of urban policy.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"491 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Localization of Forest Fires in the Territory of the Trans-Baikal National Park","authors":"I. Bilichenko, N. Luzhkova, N. N. Voropay, Fse “Zapovednoe Podlemorye”","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129034579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Typization of the Belaya, S River Flood-Plain Complexes (the Upper Priangarie)","authors":"M. Opekunova, Z. Atutova","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128167540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Current Ecological State of Soils on the Western Coast of Lake Baikal (On the Example of Soils of the Coastal Part of the Lake, the Delta and the Basin of the Goloustnaya River)","authors":"M. Kosťuková","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.77","url":null,"abstract":"The work was carried out on the territory of the Goloustnensky municipality, located on the western shore of the lake Baikal and part of the Baikal National Park. The article presents the data of the modern assessment of their ecological state. 10 test sites were laid in the Goloustnaya River basin, its delta, as well as in the forest of the coastal part of the lake. Baikal. To assess the current state of soils, concentrations of petroleum products and heavy metals (cadmium, lead, cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium) in them were determined. The results of the study showed that the content of petroleum products in soil samples is minimal and below the permissible level of pollution. The content of cobalt, nickel, copper and chromium has been found to exceed Clark and regional background values. The increased concentrations of metals are most likely due to natural factors – namely, the composition of the underlying rocks, rather than anthropogenic impact.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134510777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Lands of Agricultural Zones of the Tomsk Region Based on the Results of Modeling the Moisture Scale","authors":"S. Kopysov, A. Eliseev, A. Dyukarev","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.63","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific novelty of the relevance of this study is caused by the fact that for the effective development and use of space, an integral criterion is needed, calculated on the basis of spatially distributed data, characterizin the local hydrological and climatic conditions of growth, formed under the influence of landscape conditions. The aim of the work is to develop and verify a method for assessing the quality of land based on the results of hydrological and climatic modeling of the stages of humidification by L. G. Ramensky. The lands with moisture scale 55-70 were accepted as the most suitable for agroindustrial use. The studied territory, even within the same agricultural zone, is very heterogeneous, with a mosaic distribution of moisture levels. Unfavorable technological properties of land – high waterlogging, small-contour fields increase the cost of their processing, making agriculture in modern conditions low-profitable. For agricultural zones of the Tomsk region, according to the described method, the calculation of moisture scale was performed. A comparison of the estimates of land suitability based on the results of hydrological and climatic modeling of moisture scale with those previously obtained for agricultural zones of the Tomsk region showed good convergence for 8 zones out of 10. This allows us to consider the calculation of L. G. Ramensky's moisture scale as a working tool for optimizing land management. It should be noted that the use of the SRTM-height matrix, due to its inherent disadvantages, does not allow performing a fully adequate on-farm land assessment. It is necessary to use better digital terrain models. The received assessments of the quality of land resources confirm that high-quality land resources in the Tomsk region are very limited and appropriate efforts should be made to preserve them. In particular, the least productive arable land should be transferred to hayfields, and distant unused agricultural land to forest plantations with valuable tree species.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134396489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}