The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Paleoseismogenic Displacements in Cape Rytyi Area on the Northwestern Shore of Lake Baikal","authors":"O. Lunina, I. Denisenko, H. G. Braga","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.40.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.40.70","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with a series of sensible earthquakes in the Baikal-Mongolian region at the end of 2020 – beginning of 2021, the population of the area has increased interest in the zones of possible earthquake sources and their seismic potential. In this regard, we carried out a detailed mapping of paleoseismogenic deformations within one of the most mysterious places on Lake Baikal – Cape Rytyi and its vicinity crossed by the zone of the Kocherikovsky active fault. Along the ruptures in the rear part of the Rita river delta, based on displacement measurements of the original surfaces on the hypsometric profiles, the vertical displacements are reconstructed and compared with ground penetrating radar data. It has been established that the deformations in the studied area are associated with at least two paleoearthquakes. The maximum movement at the first one was 7,9 m, at the second one – 5,0 m. The magnitude estimates calculated from the known equations using these displacements were: <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></math> of the earlier event 7,3, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></math> = 7,4; <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></math> of the later event is 7,1, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></math> = 7,3. It is noted that the preservation of seismogenic scarps, their dip angles and the degree of burial strongly depend on the initial landscape and can differ even within a few hundred meters for a single rupture. This fact must be taken into account when conducting paleoearthquake studies and determining the rupture parameters.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Morphometric Analysis of the Ihe-Ukhgun Small River Basin (Irkut River Basin)","authors":"O. Bezgodova","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the structural and morphometric analysis of a small rivers using the example of the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin (left tributary of the Irkut river), which is based on a complex processing of a digital elevation model (DEM). The author has prepared a hydrologically correct DEM based on the ALOS Digital Surface Model (DSM) satellite data, carried out an automated calculation and mapping of the basin erosion network based on the DEM data, calculated the structural indicators of the third-order basins for analyzing the basin organization of the small rivers network. Structural and morphometric analysis using GIS was practically not used for the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin which is placed in different landscapes, geological and geomorphological conditions. The work is based on geomorphometric and structural morphometric methods as well as the method of geoinformation mapping and relief modeling for analyzing lower-order basins. Thalweg erosion network modeling up to the fourth order of the river basin Ihe-Uhgun was carried out with using of DEM analysis in the ArcGIS 10 program. The map of the erosional network of the basin was constructed, morphometric indicators of rivers (length, area of basins, sum of slopes, coefficient of basin asymmetry, etc.) were obtained, and then the indices of the basin structure (structure of bifurcation, lengths, areas and slopes) were calculated. As a result, an asymmetric erosion network was revealed, which indicates a great work in the transfer of matter of first-order streams. First-order streams exceed those of the second and third orders streams in terms of catchment area, length and steepness of adjacent slopes. The interrelation of morphometric characteristics of different-order streams within third order sub-basins are most fully traced with the using of structural indices and their comparison with modal indicators. In general, the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin is characterized by a heterogeneous structure of the streams ratio of the first, second and third orders. The basins of the Khurguta, Khubyty and Ulan-Gol rivers have the highest degree of homogeneity. At the same time, for the Ihe-Ukhgun river basin, there is no direct relationship with the area of the third order drainage basins.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127841936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Formation and Implementation of Fire-Hazardous Situations in the Ural-Caspian Region in Abnormally Hot and Dry Years","authors":"V. M. Pavleychik, E. R. Yazykbayev, Z. Sivohip, Yu.A. Padalko","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2023.43.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2023.43.62","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of the relationship between meteorological indicators of fire hazard and the actual development of wildfires are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the need to form a reliable understanding of the prerequisites and trends in the development of fires against the background of changes in the regional climate, accompanied by an increase in its anomaly. The main methodological approach to solving the tasks was to identify the features of the occurrence and spread of wildfires in some abnormally hot and dry years observed in the Ural-Caspian region – 2010 and 2021. The data obtained, reflecting the degree of fire danger and the vastness of the spread of fires, were compared with the average long-term (2001-2021) indicators and with longer data series. The study revealed the features of the seasonal development of fires during the firehazardous periods of the years under consideration in the whole region and taking into account its natural-zonal heterogeneity. Despite the fact that the occurrence of fires in general is stochastic in nature, some data indicate a predominantly agricultural nature of fires. Abnormally hot and dry years were not significantly distinguished by the degree of burning of steppe and desert landscapes; the exception was the extensive spread of fires in the forest and forest-steppe lowlands of the Southern Urals in 2021. The absence of statistically significant relationships between the indicators is evidence that weather conditions, although they form fire hazard conditions, are not decisive for their implementation. The occurrence and spread of fires depend on a complex combination and interaction of many natural and anthropogenic factors. In this regard, we believe that the introduction of effective methods of environmental management can minimize the level of pyrogenic impacts on steppe ecosystems, reduce the threat of damage and ensure the safety of the population.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121937836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Temperature Regime Changes on the Territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan during the Cold Period","authors":"R. Kamalova, R. S. Fatkhutdinova, L. A. Kurbanova, A. O. Firstov","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2023.44.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2023.44.60","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the study of changes in the thermal regime in the cold period on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the observed climatic changes may have different intensity within the Bashkir Pre-Urals, the Southern Urals and the Bashkir Trans-Urals. The assessment of regional changes in the thermal regime of the cold period was carried out on the basis of methods of statistical analysis of data from long-term observations, traditionally used in studies of this kind. The statistical significance of the values was estimated at a 95% confidence level. The data of observations at 30 meteorological stations of the republic in the period 1961-2020 were used for the analysis. It was found that the average monthly air temperatures tend to increase, statistically significant temperature increases are characterized by January (0.64°C/10 years), February (0.57°C/10 years) and March (0.47°C/10 years). The air temperature increases more significantly in the Pre-Urals (0.16-0.70°C/10 years), the smallest increase is observed in the Trans-Urals (0.13-0.40°C/10 years). In the considered 60-year period, more than half of the cases of temperature anomalies relate to the criteria of “warm season” (24 cases – 40.0%) and “very warm season” (7 cases – 11.7%). A reduction in the duration of the cold period in the republic was revealed due to the shift of its start date to a later date (1.8 days/10 years), and the end – to an earlier date (-1.0 days/10 years). During the correlation analysis, it was found out that the increase in air temperatures in the cold period is associated with a decrease in the blocking processes of the Scandinavian oscillation and an increase in zonal circulation created by the Arctic and North Atlantic oscillations.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130702870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Potential of Geosystems on the Boundary of Forest and Steppe (Lake Baikal Drainage Basin)","authors":"I. N. Vladimirov, A. Frolov, D. Kobylkin","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.26","url":null,"abstract":"This author’s formulation of the ecological potential of ecosystems is presented, and the approaches to its assessment are outlined. The main natural characteristics of the components of geosystems in two key areas of the central part of the Lake Baikal drainage basin are considered: the area of the Malyi Khamar-Daban Range and the territory of the Chikoi-Khilok interfluve. The main landscape-forming processes and the factors (and the indicators characterizing them) influencing the development of the biotic component of geosystems have been identified. On the basis of analyzing the natural ecological factors and the landscape-forming processes generating the ecological potential, an expert assessment is made, and the maps of the natural ecological potential of geosystems are compiled for the key study areas. Investigations showed that the territory of the central part of the Lake Baikal drainage basin on the boundary of forest and steppe landscapes are characterized by a considerable predominance of geosystems with low and moderate natural ecological potential, which is due to the severe natural-climatic conditions. For the mountain territory of the Malyi Khamar-Daban Range the relief-forming processes are the main landscape-forming processes (in addition to the climatic processes forming the regional geographical background) determining the ecological factors of development of the biota and the ecological potential as a whole: the slope, fluvial and cryogenic processes. In the areas of the Chikoi-Khilok interfluve, the central role is played by aeolian processes (deflation and accumulation) which are, to a significant extent, associated with human activity.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126319656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphology and Neotectonics of Eastern Siberia. On the Centenary of the Birth of A.G. Zolotarev","authors":"O. Bazhenova, E. Kononov, V. Plyusnin, A. Tulokhonov","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.107","url":null,"abstract":"Doctor of Geography, Professor Anatoly Gavrilovich Zolotarev (02.18.1921– 01.15.2011) takes a worthy place in the history of Siberian science and Irkutsk State University. He was a bright and, we can say, unique personality, combining the qualities of a recognized leader, a talented organizer of science and higher university education, a brilliant lecturer and teacher, and, finally, a geologist – a highly qualified investigator. The area of his scientific interests was the geomorphology of Eastern Siberia, the latest tectonics of the Siberian platform and pre-rift transition zones of Eastern Siberia. He examined in detail the stages and features of the formation and structure of the Baikal-Patom step-vaulted uplift, as well as the latest tectonics and geomorphological structure of the Khubsugul region. He developed corrections for calculating the total amplitudes of vertical neotectonic movements – for the initial level, given the fluctuations of the World Ocean and corrections for the lithomorphic level. The result of these studies was the conclusion about the subsidence of some parts of the Siberian platform, and not their uplift, as previously thought. These new data were taken into account when compiling maps of the latest tectonics of the south of Eastern Siberia on a scale of 1: 1,500,000 under the guidance of A.G. Zolotarev. Zolotarev created a powerful Siberian scientific and educational geomorphological school, distinguished by high efficiency both in the field of fundamental and applied geomorphology, and in the training of specialists in geomorphology.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125152341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Rocks of Primitive Mantle, Restites, and Metasomatites in Inclusions from Basanites of the Karyerny Volcano (Western Pribaikal)","authors":"Y. Ailow, S. Rasskazov, I. Chuvashova, T. Yasnygina","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122693506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for the Creation of Tourism and Recreation Cluster \"Tourism Without Borders\" in the Baikal National Park","authors":"E. Slepneva, K. Dulya","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.28.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.28.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128120929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Interconnection of Landscape-Aesthetic Qualities of Coastal Landscapes","authors":"A. Bibaeva","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of coastal landscapes. The initial material was the data of a survey of the opinions of vacationers in the coastal zone of the southwestern coast of Lake Baikal about the landscapes aesthetic properties of their places of rest (aesthetics, diversity, harmony, exoticism, uniqueness, beauty, disturbance, colorfulness), individual components of the landscape (sky, relief, vegetation, water bodies) and their emotional state. Analysis of public opinion makes it possible to obtain a spatially differentiated view (representation) of the landscape and aesthetic qualities of coastal landscapes. The most attractive and most disturbed parts of the coastal zone have been identified. To understand the factors contributing to the formation of the aesthetic impression of the surrounding landscapes among respondents, multiple regression analysis was carried out using the Data Analysis module of Ms Excel. The resulting multiple regression model is characterized by a high comparability of the results of empirical data with their predicted values: the absolute value of the correlation between the aesthetic quality of the observed landscapes and their particular aesthetic qualities (properties) is 0.93, the average approximation error is 6.5 %. The aesthetic qualities of a landscape are an indicator of its “health”. For this reason, the results of assessing the visual properties of landscapes should be taken into account in assessing the recreational load on landscapes, in developing policy documents for the territorial and socio-economic development of municipalities and the Region.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123093513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methodology of the Study and Mapping of Anthropogenic Transformation of Geosystems","authors":"T. Konovalova","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2020.33.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2020.33.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123125850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}