Journal de physiologie最新文献_第3页

The neurotrophins and CNTF: specificity of action towards PNS and CNS neurons. 神经营养因子和CNTF:对PNS和CNS神经元的特异性作用。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

N Y Ip, P Maisonpierre, R Alderson, B Friedman, M E Furth, N Panayotatos, S Squinto, G D Yancopoulos, R M Lindsay

{"title":"The neurotrophins and CNTF: specificity of action towards PNS and CNS neurons.","authors":"N Y Ip, P Maisonpierre, R Alderson, B Friedman, M E Furth, N Panayotatos, S Squinto, G D Yancopoulos, R M Lindsay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of relatively large amounts of nerve growth factor (NGF) has allowed extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of the neuronal specificity of this neurotrophic factor. The restricted neuronal specificity of NGF (sympathetic neurons, neural crest-derived sensory neurons, basal forebrain cholinergic neurons) has long predicted the existence of other neurotrophic factors possessing different neuronal specificities. Whereas there have been many reports of \"activities\" distinct from NGF, full characterization of such molecules has been hampered by their extremely low abundance. The recent molecular cloning of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) revealed that this protein is closely related to NGF and suggested that these two factors might be members of an even larger gene family. A PCR cloning strategy based on homologies between NGF and BDNF has allowed us to identify and clone a third member of the NGF family which we have termed neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). The establishment of suitable expression systems has now made available sufficient quantities of these proteins to allow us to begin to establish the neuronal specificity of each member of the neurotrophin family, and the role of each in development, maintenance and repair of the PNS and CNS. Using primary cultures of various PNS and CNS regions of the developing chick and rat, and Northern blot analysis, we describe novel neuronal specificities of BDNF, NT-3 and an unrelated neurotrophic factor-ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF).","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"123-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facilitating action of medial prefrontal cortex upon the noxious thermally-evoked responses in thalamic centralis lateralis nucleus. 内侧前额叶皮层对丘脑外侧中央核有害热诱发反应的促进作用。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

M Condés-Lara, I Omaña-Zapata, E Talavera

引用次数: 0

[Study of the fetal and maternal renin-angiotensin system and chorio-placental steroids in the guinea pig]. 豚鼠胎儿和母体肾素-血管紧张素系统及绒毛膜-胎盘类固醇的研究

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

M K Kalenga, R De Hertogh, S Whitebread, L Vankrieken, K Thomas, M De Gasparo

{"title":"[Study of the fetal and maternal renin-angiotensin system and chorio-placental steroids in the guinea pig].","authors":"M K Kalenga, R De Hertogh, S Whitebread, L Vankrieken, K Thomas, M De Gasparo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"1.) Total renin, active renin, prorenin, angiotensin II, estradiol and progesterone were measured in maternal, placental and fetal blood and in trophoblastic and uterine tissues of the guinea pig. Furthermore, membrane angiotensin II receptors were measured in trophoblastic tissues. 2.) Blood and tissue concentrations of total renin, active renin, angiotensin II and steroids are shown to increase with gestational age. At the full term of pregnancy (70th post-coital day), tissue concentrations of total renin in chorion (23,900 +/- 2,752 ng/g of tissue/h), maternal placenta (14,210 +/- 1,131), fetal placenta (12,475 +/- 927) and uterus (7,677 +/- 798) are 100 time higher than those observed in placental, fetal and maternal blood. Distribution of blood and tissue prorenin (inactive renin) is similar to that found for total renin. Active renin/Total renin ratio reaches 1% in uterine, placental and chorion tissues and 9.3 +/- 1.0% in maternal, placental and fetal blood. 3.) Angiotensin II levels in systemic maternal blood (690 +/- 99 pg/ml) and in uterine blood (467 +/- 84) are higher than those found in placental blood (266 +/- 39) and in different trophoblastic tissues (between 200 and 400 pg/g). Angiotensin II receptor concentrations are highest in chorion. 4.) Regarding the steroid hormones, it is noted that placental and maternal blood contain more progesterone than trophoblastic tissues. The highest concentrations of estradiol are found in chorion tissue and uterine blood. 5.) A positive correlation is observed between angiotensin II and estradiol in uterine blood (r = 0.69, P less than 0.01) and in chorion (r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). These findings indicate that angiotensin II and estradiol could, by their interactions, play an important role in the physiology of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 4","pages":"199-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12982412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of corticocerebellar lesions on taste preferences, body weight gain, food and fluid intake in the rat. 皮质小脑损伤对大鼠味觉偏好、体重增加、食物和液体摄入的影响。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

G Scalera

引用次数: 0

Behavioural effects of genetically engineered cells releasing dopa and dopamine after intracerebral grafting in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. 帕金森病大鼠模型脑内移植后基因工程细胞释放多巴和多巴胺的行为影响。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

P Horellou, C Lundberg, B Le Bourdellès, K Wictorin, P Brundin, P Kalén, A Björklund, J Mallet

{"title":"Behavioural effects of genetically engineered cells releasing dopa and dopamine after intracerebral grafting in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"P Horellou, C Lundberg, B Le Bourdellès, K Wictorin, P Brundin, P Kalén, A Björklund, J Mallet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The relative importance of synaptic versus paracrine dopamine transmission for the occurrence of functional effects following intrastriatal grafting is not fully established. In the present study we grafted cell lines, expressing the form I of human tyrosine hydroxylase after infection with a recombinant retrovirus and selection in tyrosine-free-medium, to the denervated striatum in order to analyse the extent to which extracellular dopamine levels can be restored and the effect of a diffuse release of dopamine on motor impairement in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In petri dish, the modified fibroblast cells (NIH.3T3) release DOPA constitutively whereas the modified endocrine cells (RIN) store and release dopamine in a regulated way. Interestingly, in denervated striatum, grafts of modified fibroblast cells produce DOPA which was efficiently converted into dopamine by the host striatal tissue. In the grafted striatum, both fibroblast and endocrine cells restore subnormal levels of diffuse release of dopamine which is notably unaffected and stimulated, respectively, by high concentration of potassium, in connection with the in vitro properties of the grafted cells. The intrastriatal grafts of modified cells partially reversed the apomorphine-induced but not the amphetamine-induced motor asymmetry. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of Parkinson disease.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"158-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12852931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocytosis of the synaptic vesicle protein, synaptophysin, requires the COOH-terminal tail. 突触泡蛋白(synaptophysin)的内吞作用需要cooh末端的尾部。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

A D Linstedt, R B Kelly

引用次数: 0

In vitro effects of tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum treated with cholera toxin. 河豚毒素和六甲铵对霍乱毒素处理家兔回肠电解质转运的体外影响。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

A Ben Mansour, M Rautureau, D Tome, A Bisalli, B Tritar, J F Desjeux

{"title":"In vitro effects of tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum treated with cholera toxin.","authors":"A Ben Mansour, M Rautureau, D Tome, A Bisalli, B Tritar, J F Desjeux","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To determine if there was a role for the submucosal nerves in cholera toxin (CT)-induced secretion, we studied the effects of serosal addition of two neurotoxins, the nerve conduction blocking agent, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and the nicotinic ganglionic blocking agent, hexamethonium (HXM), on electrolyte secretion in control isolated rabbit ileum and in that stimulated by CT. 1). In the absence of CT, the short circuit current (Isc) decreased after TTX (10(-7) M) (P less than 0.01) and was unaltered by HXM (10(-5) M). In the presence of CT, Isc increased but was not modified by 10(-7) M TTX or 10(-5) M HXM. 2) In control tissues the mean isotopic Na+ and Cl- fluxes were not significantly altered by TTX addition. Cl- absorption alone was significantly reduced by HXM (delta JCl- = 1.95 +/- 0.81 microEq.hr-1.cm-2; P less than 0.02). After stimulation with CT, TTX significantly inhibited Na+ and Cl- secretion (delta JNa+ = 2.15 +/- 0.61 and delta JCl- = 2.15 +/- 0.76 microEq.hr-1.cm-2; P less than 0.01). Similarly, HXM significantly inhibited CT-stimulated Na+ and Cl- secretion (delta JNa+ = 1.73 +/- 0.70 and delta JCl- = 1.46 +/- 0.62 microEq.hr-1.cm-2; P less than 0.02). 3) In TTX and HXM treated tissues there was no difference in the increase in Isc caused by cAMP (2 x 10(-3) M), calcium ionophore A 23187 (4 x 10(-6) M) and glucose (10(-3) M) compared to the untreated tissues in the presence or absence of CT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 4","pages":"181-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12982409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Central pattern generators: some principles learned from invertebrate model systems. 中心模式发生器:从无脊椎动物模型系统中学到的一些原理。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

K Lukowiak

引用次数: 0

A mammalian in vitro model to study gangliogenesis from neural crest cells. 研究神经嵴细胞神经节发生的哺乳动物体外模型。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

S Boisseau, V Poirier, O Semonin, L Leconte, M Santha, C Poujeol, G Rougon, M Simonneau

引用次数: 0

Type A botulinum toxin disorganizes quantal acetylcholine release and inhibits energy metabolism. A型肉毒杆菌毒素破坏量乙酰胆碱的释放并抑制能量代谢。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

Y Dunant, J E Esquerda, F Loctin, J Marsal, D Muller

{"title":"Type A botulinum toxin disorganizes quantal acetylcholine release and inhibits energy metabolism.","authors":"Y Dunant, J E Esquerda, F Loctin, J Marsal, D Muller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological, morphological and biochemical effects of type A Botulinum toxin (BoTX) were analysed in the electric organ of Torpedo, a modified neuromuscular system. The quantal content of the postsynaptic potential, or electroplaque potential (EPP), was reduced by BoTX but the quantum size remained unchanged till complete failure of the neurally evoked transmission. BoTX also suppressed the occurrence of spontaneous electroplaque potentials (MEPPs) of a quantal size but potentials of a smaller amplitude still kept on occurring in the intoxicated synapses. BoTX inhibited the evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh; biochemically measured) but the rate of spontaneous ACh release transiently increased during the period when evoked release went down. On the other hand, there were no significant change of ACh content, of ACh turnover, of ACh repartition in the vesicular and free compartments, or in the number of synaptic vesicles. Surprisingly, the amount of ATP was reduced to 50% in BoTX treated tissue at the time of transmission failure; also the level of creatine phosphate (CrP) was lowered to less than 20% and the rate of activity of creatine kinase was reduced. It was concluded that, electrophysiologically, BoTX affects synaptic transmission in a very similar way in the electric organ and in the neuromuscular junctions. On the other hand, the shortage of ATP supply found in the present study may play a role in the pathophysiology of intoxication and should be taken into account in investigations designed to see whether BoTX affects various phosphorylations in cholinergic nerve terminals.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"84 3","pages":"211-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13121888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0