Journal de physiologie最新文献

Cholinergic fiber growth in co-cultures of CNS tissue. 中枢神经系统组织共培养中胆碱能纤维的生长。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

B H Gähwiler, L Rietschin, U Gerber

{"title":"Cholinergic fiber growth in co-cultures of CNS tissue.","authors":"B H Gähwiler, L Rietschin, U Gerber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In co-cultures prepared from the septum and the hippocampus, cholinergic fibers originating in the septal slices grew into the neighboring hippocampal tissue and established functional cholinergic connections with pyramidal cells. To get further insight into the mechanisms governing cholinergic fiber growth, we have added TTX to the growth medium (2 x 10(-7) M) to block propagated electrical activity. Under these conditions, considerably fewer cholinergic cells appeared to survive. A few cholinergic fibers still invaded hippocampal target tissue, but their number was markedly reduced compared with control cultures. Simultaneous application of NGF together with TTX, however, not only increased enzyme levels and enhanced survival of cholinergic neurons, but also led to hippocampal ingrowth in virtually all septo-hippocampal co-cultures. These data, therefore, suggest, that in the absence of spiking activity, cholinergic fibers are capable of growing into a co-cultured target tissue. To test the specificity of growth of septal cholinergic fibers, we have co-cultured septal slices with slices of various brain areas which in situ lack a major cholinergic innervation, in particular the cerebellum. In the vast majority of such co-cultures, cholinergic fibers remained restricted within the septal slices, without innervating cerebellar tissue. This failure might in part be related to the lack of trophic factors released by the target tissue. We have, therefore, grown septo-cerebellar cultures in the presence and absence of NGF. Following application of 100 ng/ml NGF during the entire growth of the cultures, numerous AChE-positive fibers originating in the septal slices invaded the co-cultured cerebellar slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"154-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synaptic formations and modulations of synaptic transmissions between identified cerebellar neurons in culture. 培养的小脑神经元间突触形成和突触传递的调节。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

T Hirano

{"title":"Synaptic formations and modulations of synaptic transmissions between identified cerebellar neurons in culture.","authors":"T Hirano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"1. Synaptic formations between a rat cerebellar granule cell and a Purkinje cell, and also between an inferior-olivary neuron and a Purkinje cell have been accomplished in culture. 2. The synaptic transmission between an inferior-olivary neuron and a Purkinje cell was far much more potent than that between a granule cell and a Purkinje cell in the culture, and the former always induced in a Purkinje cell an action potential followed by prolonged depolarization, which resembled a climbing fiber response in vivo. 3. Synaptic potentiation was induced by repetitive stimulation (2 Hz, 20 sec) of a granule cell, and the synaptic depression was induced by repetitive conjunctive stimulation of both a granule cell and an inferior-olivary neuron as in a slice preparation. 4. When repetitive stimulation of both neurons were given while the postsynaptic Purkinje cell was voltage-clamped at -80 mV, not the depression but the potentiation took place. When repetitive stimulation of a granule cell was coupled with the postsynaptic strong depolarization induced by direct outward current injection, the depression took place. These two experiments indicate that the postsynaptic depolarization during activation of a presynaptic granule cell is both necessary and sufficient to induce the depression, and that the potentiation is induced without the postsynaptic depolarization. 5. The quantal analysis on the synaptic transmission, where fluctuations of amplitudes of synaptic currents in a Purkinje cell induced by a single granule cell were measured, indicated that the synaptic potentiation involves the enhancement of transmitter release from a presynaptic granule cell and that the depression involves changes of postsynaptic receptors on a Purkinje cell.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"145-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12833318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple dystrophin isoforms are associated with the postsynaptic membrane of Torpedo electric organ. 多种肌营养不良蛋白同工型与鱼雷电器官突触后膜有关。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

A J Ravin, S M Dyer, J E Yeadon, S J Burden

引用次数: 0

Relationship between the spike activities of the small and large intestines. 小肠和大肠尖峰活动的关系。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

E Atanassova, A Noeva, S Gachilova

{"title":"Relationship between the spike activities of the small and large intestines.","authors":"E Atanassova, A Noeva, S Gachilova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were performed using chronically implanted electrodes on the dog smooth muscle wall of the stomach and of the small and large intestines. Electrical activity of the muscle wall was recorded before and after feeding. When reaching the terminal ileum the active part of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) continuously induced bursts of spike potentials superimposed on the slow waves. This electrical activity spread to the ascending colon. We also showed the existence of a spike activity on the terminal ileum independent of the MMC (appearing during the phase 1) and propagating to the colon. A relationship between the spike activities of the small and large intestines was also present after feeding. Beside the well-known gastro-colic reflex, we observed an increase in the spike activity of the terminal ileum and ascending colon between the 4th-5th hours after feeding. This probably corresponds to the arrival of the first portions of contents, evacuated from the arrival of the first portions of contents, evacuated from the stomach, and of the last portions of small intestinal contents. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the spike activities of the small and large intestines in starving animals and after feeding, and the terminal ileum plays a substantial role in this relationship.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 1","pages":"20-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13100623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regeneration of functional synaptic connections between widely separated neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. 成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统中广泛分离的神经元之间功能性突触连接的再生。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

M Rasminsky

引用次数: 0

In vitro and in vivo regulation of the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. 体外和体内酪氨酸羟化酶基因表达的调控。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

N Faucon Biguet, S Vyas, J Mallet

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo regulation of the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene.","authors":"N Faucon Biguet, S Vyas, J Mallet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Preganglionic nerve stimulation has been shown to induce delayed or long term changes in the neuron. Different models were used to study the trans-synaptic regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH): the rat adrenal medulla (AM) and the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Northern blot analysis, western blot and enzymatic assays demonstrated that the TH mRNA paralleled both an increase in the protein amount and its enzymatic activity. Results of in vitro transcription on nuclei isolated from AM or from SCG after treatment with reserpine suggest that this increase in TH expression is due to an effect on the transcriptional activity of the TH gene. Other gene, cfos, is also induced by reserpine indicating that the TH transcription in these neurons may be mediated by \"third messengers\". Several putative regulatory elements, in particular an octamer sequence AP1 has been localized in the promoter of TH gene. Gel shift assays with nuclear extracts from untreated and phorbol ester treated cells strongly suggest that a protein complex binds to this AP1 like sequence. Comparative analysis of gel shift assays with AM nuclear extracts exhibit a similar pattern suggesting that this AP1 site could be involved in the trans-synaptic regulation of TH.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"105-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12852663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repetitive impulse activity potentiates spontaneous acetylcholine secretion at developing neuromuscular synapses. 重复的冲动活动增强了发育中的神经肌肉突触自发的乙酰胆碱分泌。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

Y J Lo, T Wang, M M Poo

引用次数: 0

Regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis: from neuron to gene. 神经递质合成的调控:从神经元到基因。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

C Bernard, M Chireux, P Barraille, A Levan Thaï, S Vidal, K Kitahama, M Weber

引用次数: 0

Dihydropyridine effects on skeletal muscle fatigue. 二氢吡啶对骨骼肌疲劳的影响。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

J H Williams, C W Ward

引用次数: 0

Segmentation of sensory and sympathetic ganglia: interactions between neural crest and somite cells. 感觉神经节和交感神经节的分割:神经嵴和体突细胞之间的相互作用。

Journal de physiologie Pub Date : 1991-01-01

C Kalcheim, R S Goldstein

{"title":"Segmentation of sensory and sympathetic ganglia: interactions between neural crest and somite cells.","authors":"C Kalcheim, R S Goldstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The segmental pattern of peripheral ganglia in higher vertebrates is generated by interactions between neural crest and somite cells. Each mesodermal somite is subdivided into at least two distinct domains represented by its rostral and caudal halves. Most migratory pathways taken by neural crest cells in trunk regions of the axis, as well as the outgrowth of motoneuron fibers are restricted to the rostral domain of each somite. Experimental modification of the somites, achieved by constructing a mesoderm composed of multiple rostral half-somites, results in the formation of continuous and unsegmented nerves, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sympathetic ganglia (SG). In contrast, both neurites and crest cells are absent from a mesoderm composed of multiple-caudal half somites. However, the mechanisms responsible for gangliogenesis within the rostral half of the somite, appear to be different for DRG and SG. Vertebral development from the somites is also segmental. In implants of either multiple rostral or caudal somite-halves, the grafted mesoderm dissociates normally into sclerotome and dermomyotome. However, the morphogenetic capabilities of each somitic half differ. The lateral vertebral arch is continuous in the presence of caudal half-somite grafts and is virtually absent in rostral half-somite implants. Therefore, the rostrocaudal subdivision of the sclerotome determines the segmental pattern of neural development and is also important for the proper metameric development of the vertebrae.","PeriodicalId":14735,"journal":{"name":"Journal de physiologie","volume":"85 3","pages":"110-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0