JAMA dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Risk in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.","authors":"Maria Dons, Alison Dempsey, Philip M Carlucci, Shruthi Shankar, Anupama Parameswaran, Brittany N Weber, Michael S Garshick","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2989","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Meta-Analysis of Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Atlas Studies.","authors":"Dorra Bouazzi, Sabrina M Nielsen, Paa G Hagan, Sofia Botvid, Lone S Hove, Errol P Prens, Robin Christensen, Gregor B E Jemec, Klaudia Knecht-Gurwin, Jacek C Szepietowski, Ehiaghe L Anaba, Ahmed S Chehad, Samira Zobiri, Amina Serradj, Mohammed S I Bhuiyan, Towhida Noor, Philippe Guillem, Mohammad M Parvizi, Nasrin Saki, Erkan Alpsoy, Caner Vardar, Theodora Kanni, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, John W Frew, Waleed H A Al Maharbi, Johanna C van Huijstee, Pim Aarts, Shinta T Dewi, Sri A Febriana, Niken Indrastuti, Nyoman Suryawati, Miranti Pangastuti, Aryani Adji, Gardenia Akhyar, Nopriyati Nopriyati, Cut P Hazlianda, Francisco Reyes-Baraona, Carlos Matas, Haroon Saeed, Ameshin Moodley, Yousef Binamer, Moonyza A A Kamil, Ivana Jocic, Zeljko Mijuskovic, Kanchana Mallawaarachchi, Chathurika Gangani, Ivana Tusheva, Vesna B Boshkovski, Danchen Hu, Songmei Geng, Cecilia E Medianfar, Ditte M L Saunte, Nisha S Chandran, Hessel H van der Zee, Christos C Zouboulis, Farida Benhadou, Bente Villumsen, Afsaneh Alavi, Perpetua U Ibekwe, Iltefat H Hamzavi, John R Ingram, Haley B Naik, Amit Garg, Jurr Boer","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a substantial burden. Standardized global prevalence estimates and data on associated sociodemographic and risk factors are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the global prevalence of HS and study differences in prevalence by age, sex, geographical location, body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), smoking status, gross domestic product (GDP), and Human Development Index (HDI).</p><p><strong>Data sources and study selection: </strong>Included studies were conducted using the standardized Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Atlas methodology with finalized data collection before May 19, 2023. Studies were required to use a population-based sampling method and conduct clinical confirmation of HS diagnosis following a screening questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Data were independently extracted from relevant studies by 2 reviewers (D.B. and C.E.M.) using a standardized form. Extracted variables included geographic location, age, sex, BMI (median and BMI >30), smoking status, HS prevalence estimates (with 95% CIs), GDP, and HDI. A proportional meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted on the included studies.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was the point prevalence of HS, confirmed by clinical examination. Secondary outcomes included differences in HS prevalence by sex, age, BMI category, smoking status, and country-level socioeconomic indicators (GDP and HDI). All outcomes were prespecified before data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 22 743 participants, identifying 247 patients with HS, across 25 studies in 23 countries spanning 6 continents. The median proportion of female patients with HS was 55.6%, and the median age was 34.5 years. While the prevalence estimates showed considerable inconsistency (I2 > 75%; τ2 = 0.747), the overall random-effects global prevalence of HS was 0.99% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.46%). Female sex was the only factor observed to be associated with the prevalence estimates (β = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this meta-analysis, an estimated global prevalence of HS between 0.67% and 1.46% surpassed previous global estimates. Substantial global variations in HS prevalence were also observed. Female sex was the only factor associated with prevalence in this sample. Future studies assessing genetic, environmental, and etiological factors are warranted to explain the heterogeneity in prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Persistent Papular Eruption on the Cheek of a Young Woman.","authors":"David Bitterman, Karan Pandher, Tor A Shwayder","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disordered Eating in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Grace Xiong, Shanti Mehta, Dea Metko, Eric P McMullen, Jennifer Couturier, Chaocheng Liu, Laurence Mainville, Vincent Piguet","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2889","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by painful nodules and abscesses that have a significant impact on quality of life. In addition to other psychological comorbidities, patients with HS often face body image issues and emotional distress that may increase the risk of maladaptive eating behaviors and disordered eating.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the role of disordered eating behaviors and diagnosed eating disorders among patients with HS and examine the underexplored relationship between HS and disordered eating.</p><p><strong>Evidence review: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2025 for this systematic review. Eligible articles reported on eating disorders or disordered eating behaviors in patients with HS, with the references of included articles searched for additional texts. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Seven studies were identified, including 2363 patients (1666 [73.7%] female; mean age, 44.7 years). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition eating disorders were found in 3.7% of patients (79 of 2123), comprising binge-eating disorder (53 of 79 [67.1%]), anorexia nervosa (6 of 79 [7.6%]), and bulimia nervosa (7/79 [8.9%]). Disordered eating behaviors were present in 27.8% of the cohort (84 of 302), including concerns surrounding dieting, body weight, or problematic eating behaviors (27 of 84 [32.1%]); improper laxative, diet pill, or diuretic use (30 of 84 [35.7%]); food addiction (18 of 84 [21.4%]); and emotional eating (9 of 84 [10.7%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study suggests that disordered eating may be part of the wider spectrum of psychological burden in patients with HS, highlighting the potential value of multidisciplinary care and clinical awareness to mitigate its adverse impact on treatment outcomes and quality of life. Future research is necessary to elucidate the nature and prevalence of disordered eating in people with HS compared with those with comparable demographic risk factors and in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Risk of Infection and Prevalence of Combination Targeted Therapy in Psoriatic Arthritis.","authors":"Alexander Wu, Arianna Zhang, Yujia Guo, Jialiang Liu, Donghan M Yang, Lourdes Perez Chada, Alexis Ogdie, Soumya M Reddy, Alice B Gottlieb, Jose U Scher, Joseph F Merola","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2980","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Achieving good disease control in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains a major challenge. Combining multiple systemic immunomodulatory therapies has been shown to be beneficial in other immune-mediated diseases with reasonable safety profiles, but data on the current use and safety of combination targeted therapy among individuals with PsA are limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the use and safety of combination targeted therapies among adults with PsA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims Database from January 2015 to December 2024 were used to describe use patterns and perform safety analyses. Data were analyzed from April 2024 to June 2025. A validated claims algorithm was used to identify adults with PsA, who were separated into a standard therapy control cohort that was matched 2:1 with the combination targeted therapy cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Descriptive analysis of the use of combination targeted therapies. The safety analysis included a comparison of frequencies of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for serious or opportunistic infections requiring an inpatient level of care. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated before and after propensity score matching.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 82 399 individuals identified with PsA, 542 individuals (median [IQR] age, 52.5 [44.0-59.0] years; 341 female individuals [62.9%]) were receiving combination targeted therapy for 3 consecutive months and 200 (median [IQR] age, 55.0 [45.0-61.0] years; 114 female individuals [57.0%]) were receiving combination therapy for 6 consecutive months. The 2 most common combinations used were a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor with apremilast (34%-37%) and an interleukin 17 inhibitor with apremilast (27%-29%). The serious infection incidence rate among patients receiving combination targeted therapy ranged from 7.38 to 15.00 events per 1000 patients; the opportunistic infection incidence rate ranged from 0 to 1.85 events per 1000 patients. Patients receiving combination targeted therapy did not have a significantly increased risk of serious infection (propensity score-matched 3-month and 6-month RRs, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.17-1.63] and 1.50 [95% CI, 0.34-6.65], respectively) or opportunistic infection (adjusted 3-month and 6-month RRs, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.09-11.02] and not applicable, respectively) across all analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of this cohort study suggest that among commercially insured adults with PsA, around 1% of individuals were receiving combination targeted therapy. The most common combinations used different biologics with apremilast. This study found no significant difference between the incidence of serious bacterial and opportunistic infections requiring hospitalization compared with sta","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Suspected Rubella Virus-Associated Granulomatous Dermatitis With Adalimumab.","authors":"Nupur Singh, Syed H Raza, Karolyn Wanat, Nicolette Glidden, Mariantonieta Tirado, Allison Jones","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error in Methods.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.3297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.3297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Serious Infection With Adalimumab in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Compared With Psoriasis.","authors":"Bruna Galvao de Oliveira Wafae, Alexandra P Charrow, David Stein, John S Barbieri, Megan H Noe","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Previous research suggests that patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) may face a higher risk of serious infections compared with those with psoriasis. However, these studies are subject to limitations that could constrain their reliability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the risk of hospitalization from noncutaneous infections, infection profiles, and the length of stay (LOS) of adult patients with HS and psoriasis treated with adalimumab.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted using deidentified claims data from the MarketScan database. All adult patients with HS or psoriasis who initiated adalimumab therapy between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to March 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>New users of adalimumab diagnosed with psoriasis or HS, identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and adalimumab prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was hospitalization from noncutaneous infections in a time-to-event analysis using inverse probability weighting to account for confounders in the Cox regression models. Secondary outcomes included the infection types compared using incidence rate ratios and LOS analyzed with multivariable Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 10 349 included patients, 5641 (54.5%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 44.8 (12.8) years. The cohort included 1650 patients with HS and 8699 with psoriasis. The HS cohort was younger (mean [SD] age, 36.2 [11.5] years vs 46.5 [12.4] years) and predominantly female (1271 [77.0%] vs 4370 [50.2%]), with higher rates of obesity, Crohn disease, anxiety, and depression. The weighted Cox analysis indicated an increased risk of serious infection in patients with HS (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.34-1.86). This group also had a higher likelihood of sepsis and genitourinary infections (sepsis: incidence rate ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.35-3.12; genitourinary infections: incidence rate ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.22-3.86) and greater odds of prolonged LOS (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45) compared with the psoriasis cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, among adults treated with adalimumab, those with moderate to severe HS had an elevated risk of infection and different infection profiles compared with those with psoriasis. Future research should focus on the impacts of disease severity and treatment regimens on infection risk and develop targeted prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Etiologic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum Infection.","authors":"An-Kang Gu, Wen-Hua Qin, Xiu-Jun Zhang, Fa-Ku Ma, Li-Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Evaluation of Melasma Pathologic Features and Treatment Response by 2-Photon Microscopy.","authors":"Xiaoli Ning, Jungang Yang, Hongfei Ouyang, Lingfan Jiang, Ruixing Yu, Chengxu Li, Yujun Sheng, Xuejiao Song, Jingkai Xu, Xianbo Zuo, Yong Cui","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2790","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2790","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Melasma, a complex and clinically challenging facial pigmentary disorder, lacks in vivo pathologic tools for definitive diagnosis and accurate efficacy assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To use 2-photon microscopy (TPM) for noninvasive pathologic detection of melasma and therapeutic response monitoring to hydroquinone cream, 2%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;This single-center, evaluator-blinded, observational study consisting of 2 sequential phases was conducted at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January to September 2024. The study population included patients aged 18 to 60 years with clinically diagnosed melasma who were not treated for the condition in the past 3 months, without other facial dermatoses, free of malignant disease history, and not pregnant and nonlactating.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposure and intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;In the first phase, participants underwent noninvasive TPM 3-dimensional imaging of lesional and perilesional areas. In the second phase, all participants were treated with hydroquinone cream, 2% twice daily for 12 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;In phase 1, the main outcome was TPM pathologic features. In phase 2, the main measures were modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) scores, dermoscopic scores, and TPM indexes at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The TPM images of 120 lesional and perilesional areas from 60 patients (57 female individuals, 3 male individuals; median [IQR] age, 39.5 [37.0-45.8] years) were analyzed. Compared with the perilesions, melasma lesions showed increased melanin across all epidermal layers (stratum corneum: median [IQR], 1 [0-2] vs 0 [0-0]; stratum granulosum: median [IQR], 1 [1-2] vs 0 [0-0]; superficial stratum spinosum: median [IQR], 2 [1-3] vs 1 [1-1]; deep stratum spinosum: median [IQR], 3 [2-3] vs 2 [1-2]; stratum basale: median [IQR], 3 [3-4] vs 2 [2-3]) in a mottled distribution, reduced viable epidermal thickness (median [IQR], 43.5 [39.0-48.0] µm vs 48.0 [43.9-54.0] µm; median difference, -4.50; 95% CI, -6.58 to -3.70), flattened rete ridges (94.17%; 95% CI, 88.45%-97.15% vs 69.17%; 95% CI, 60.42%-76.73%), increased activated (median [IQR], 2 [1-2] vs 1 [1-1]; median difference, 1; 95% CI, 0.70-1.00) and pendulous (median [IQR], 0 [0-1] vs 0 [0-0]) melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), and more severe solar elastosis (median [IQR], 2 [2-3] vs 2 [1-2]) (all P&lt;.001). Among them, 53 patients (88.3%) completed 12 weeks of hydroquinone treatment, the mean mMASI scores and dermoscopic pigmentary scores decreased by 29.81% (95% CI, 22.75%-36.72%; P &lt; .001) and 36.16% (95% CI, 30.07%-42.25%; P &lt; .001), respectively, after treatment. TPM showed significant decreases in melanin content of each epidermal layer (stratum corneum: median [IQR], 1 [1-2] vs 1 [0-1]; stratum granulosum: median [IQR], 2 [1-2] v","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}