Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Radioactive Cesium Concentration in Silage Corn (Zea Mays L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam.) Cultivated with Three Different Tillage Methods after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident","authors":"T. Kanno, H. Harada, K. Amaha, Y. Abe, Noritoshi Sumida, Hidehiko Inoue, Y. Kojima, S. Morita, T. Ibuki, S. Sato","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.55.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.55.5","url":null,"abstract":"Whole-crop silage corn and Italian ryegrass were cultivated during summer and winter in fields contaminated by radionuclide fallout caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, with three different tillage treatments: shallow tillage treatment (tilled with a rotary tiller to a depth of about 10 cm), conventional tillage treatment (plowed with a normal moldboard plow to a depth of about 20 cm and harrowed with a rotary tiller to a depth of about 15 cm), and deep tillage treatment (plowed with a moldboard plow to a depth of about 35 cm and harrowed with a rotary tiller to a depth of about 15 cm). Vertical distribution of radioactive cesium (Cs) in the soil layers of 0 cm-10 cm, 10 cm-20 cm, and 20 cm-30 cm, and concentrations of radioactive Cs in forage samples were compared among the tillage treatments, as well as the soil chemical properties of those soil layers. Radioactive Cs in the soil surface layer (0 cm-10 cm) moved into the deeper layers at 10 cm-20 cm and 20 cm-30 cm due to plowing in the conventional and deep tillage treatments. However, significant differences were not observed for both species, either in the radioactive Cs concentration in forage samples or the radioactive Cs transfer factor from soil to plants among the tillage treatments. Moreover, the radioactive Cs concentrations in those plants and their TFs were relatively low for both species. These results suggest that radioactive Cs transfer was reduced by mixing the surface soil, even in the shallow tillage treatment. Furthermore, the exchangeable K 2 O content of soil was higher than 0.32 g/kg DW in all soil layers of the experimental fields, and such high content of exchangeable K 2 O in the soil was apparently another major reason why radioactive Cs uptake by both species was significantly restricted in all tillage treatments.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88438541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the Light Environment Influences the Production of Horticultural Crops","authors":"T. Kuniga","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.285","url":null,"abstract":"Light is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth. Although photosynthesis has been widely investigated, knowledge remains limited on how the quality of light influences the production of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables. Here, we present a review of recent studies on how modification to light quality influences the production of these crops. The light environment contributes toward sustaining and regulating fruit and vegetable production. And light conditions are increasingly being modified with such artificial light as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), coupled with sheet mulching. These tools are useful for enhancing light-mediated growth and reproduction in plants. Thus, the physiological and biological responses of plants to light must be analyzed to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying how light controls plant development. Discipline: Horticulture Additional key words: environment, growth, LEDs, mulch sheet, reflection, ultraviolet (UV)","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"54 1","pages":"285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73847424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a Method of Evaluating Fuel Efficiency during Traveling and Driving for Head-feeding Combine Harvesters","authors":"Hirofumi Yamasaki, Horio Mitsuhiro, K. Fujita","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.317","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the impacts of soil surface hardness and increased machinery body mass by the harvested crop relative to the fuel efficiency during traveling and driving for head-feeding combine harvesters. The fuel efficiency during traveling and driving increased with softness of the soil, showing a strong correlation with the index of hardness indicated in the Yamanaka model soil penetrometer. The index of hardness realizing fuel efficiency equivalent to traveling on the road was about 23 mm. Based on the fuel efficiency and index of hardness obtained in the testing, a relational expression between the index of hardness and fuel efficiency of the machinery provided for the testing was then figured out, thereby making it possible to correct the fuel efficiency during traveling and driving under any soil conditions. We also confirmed that fuel efficiency during traveling and driving increased with the mass of rough rice in the grain tank. We devised methods of testing and evaluating the fuel efficiency during traveling and driving, by correcting such conditions so as to make a fair comparison among different models. Discipline: Agricultural Engineering Additional key words: fuel efficiency, head-feeding combine harvester, soil moisture weight percentage, soil surface hardness, Yamanaka model soil penetrometer","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"20 1","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90048129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive Advantage Factors in Vertically Diversified Brand Chicken Business: A Partial Value Chain Analysis of a Japanese Poultry Wholesaler","authors":"K. Hosono, Yuji Yashima","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.327","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to clarify the competitive advantage of a vertically diversified brand chicken business as a method of creating a sustainable poultry business, using a part of Porter’s value chain framework to extract strengths and linkages of a company’s marketing in a case study of one enterprise adopting this business model. Company T1 achieved vertical diversification of its production, processing, distribution, sales, and restaurant businesses through its original brand chicken, produced on a direct-management farm and cooperative farms under uniform quality control. T1 internalized its poultry farming and never abandoned this model, despite its low profitability, because its original brand H chicken was a high-quality product at the core of T1’s marketing strategy. We concluded that this high-quality original product resulted in a successful vertically diversified business within the poultry industry. To achieve this success, efforts are needed to maintain high levels of quality using sophisticated human resource approaches.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Grazing Sites and Dung of Beef Cows in a Sloping Pasture","authors":"Rena Yoshitoshi, N. Watanabe, Jihyun Lim","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.299","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock select places in a pasture that offer high-quality and nutritious grass, and these selections cause spatial heterogeneity and reduced productivity. To maximize the efficiency of pasture systems, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal information regarding livestock grazing behavior. In this review, we describe studies conducted to develop a simple tool for determining cow foraging behavior, and to predict the spatial distribution of cow excrement (dung) in a steeply sloping pasture. An accelerometry-based activity monitor, the Kenz Lifecorder EX (hereafter, the LC), was used to differentiate between foraging and other activities of beef cows. A linear discriminant analysis yielded good discrimination accuracy of the minute-based data of the LC. The combination of the activity timeline and GPS tracking data successfully revealed the spatiotemporal distribution of cow foraging activity in a sloping pasture. Both foraging activity and excretion play important roles in the nutrient cycling in pasture ecosystems. We found that the spatial distribution of cow dung could be predicted using a Bayesian approach in conjunction with a generalized linear mixed model incorporating conditional autoregressive terms with two parameters (green herbage biomass and distance from a water trough). Dung deposits tended to be distributed in areas with higher green herbage biomass and in areas located closer to the water trough. We also describe a new pasture survey method of detecting cow dung and weed positions in a pasture by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imagery. Discipline: Animal Science Additional key words: accelerometer, cattle, dung, UAV","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"210 1","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76123702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass and Production Rates of Fine Roots in Two Mangrove Stands in Southern Thailand","authors":"K. Noguchi, S. Poungparn, Suthathip Umnouysin, P. Patanaponpaiboon, D. Duangnamol, R. Yoneda, H. Utsugi, Tamotsu Sato, R. Tabuchi","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.349","url":null,"abstract":"Fine roots are a key component of belowground carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems. However, information on fine root dynamics in mangrove forests is still limited. Therefore, in this study we examined the biomass and production rates of fine roots by using soil coring and an ingrowth core method, respectively, at soil depths of 0 cm-40 cm in Avicennia alba and Rhizophora apiculata stands in Ranong Province, southern Thailand. In these stands, the fine root biomass was ca. 3.4 kg m−2 and 1.4 kg m−2, respectively, while fine root production rates were ca. 450 g m−2 year−1 and 740 g m−2 year−1, respectively. Fine root biomass was not significantly different between the surface (0 cm20 cm) and subsurface (20 cm-40 cm) soil in both stands. The fine root production rate was also similar between the soil layers in the R. apiculata stand, whereas it decreased with soil depth in the A. alba stand. The patterns of vertical distribution of fine root production rates probably reflected the species characteristics of A. alba and R. apiculata, and suggested that fine root production in the subsurface soil contributes significantly to belowground carbon dynamics, especially in R. apiculata. Discipline: Forestry Additional key words: Avicennia alba, ingrowth core, Rhizophora apiculata, soil depth, vertical distribution","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"33 1","pages":"360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90953773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited Occurrence of Tristeza in Yuzu and Possible Tristeza-free Cultivation in Northernmost Commercial Yuzu-producing Areas of Japan","authors":"Eiko Nagaoka-Nakazono, N. Uechi, H. Katoh, T. Fujikawa, S. Miyata, Tsutomu Furukawa, T. Asakawa, Makoto Sasaki, Riho Kuwahara, O. Kim, H. Shinohara, T. Iwanami","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.307","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) commonly infects yuzu (Citrus junos) in most parts of the citrus-growing areas in Japan. This study examined the occurrence of CTV in the northernmost commercial citrusproducing areas of Japan. Colonies of the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricidus) were detected within the areas investigated. However, 23 of the 41 trees that were examined by RT-PCR and both or either subject to stem-pitting observation and immunostrip testing were free of CTV. Several CTVfree trees were apparently more than 60 years old. A field trial revealed that all eight uninoculated seedlings tested negative for CTV at 52 months after transplanting. These results suggest that CTVfree yuzu production is possible in the Rikuzen-Takata and Ofunato areas of Japan. Discipline: Agricultural Environment Additional key words: Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka, Great East Japan Earthquake, Toxoptera citricidus Introduction Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) is a cold-hardy sour citrus species that can grow in northern areas (Kawase et al. 1983). The yuzu fruit is very popular due to its characteristic flavor and is widely used as a dressing in Japanese cuisine (Miyazawa et al. 2009). The northernmost commercial yuzu-producing areas in Japan overlap with the main apple-growing regions. Specifically, yuzu has been grown for many years in the Rikuzen-Takata and Ofunato areas in Iwate Prefecture (around 39°N and 142°E) (Fig. 1), primarily for ornamental purposes and production of the fruit, which is mainly consumed by the families of local farmers. However, in response to the recent increase in the popularity of yuzu, farmers in the Rikuzen-Takata and Ofunato areas have considered increasing the commercial production of yuzu, with potential financial benefits for these yuzu-producing areas. Yuzu is highly susceptible to citrus tristeza virus (CTV), which commonly infects citrus species (Moreno et al. 2008, Dawson et al. 2015, Harper & Cowell 2016). Yuzu trees infected by CTV grow poorly and often produce relatively small fruits with blemished skin (Ieki 2003). Many yuzu trees in the southern yuzu-producing areas of Japan are affected by tristeza. In Japan, CTV is mainly transmitted by the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricidus) commonly found in the southern yuzuproducing areas (Ieki 2003). The conditions in those areas make it difficult to control the citrus tristeza *Corresponding author: ti207181@nodai.ac.jp Received 19 November 2019; accepted 27 February 2020. 307 JARQ 54 (4), 307-316 (2020) https://www.jircas.go.jp","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81149793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Reproductive Status of the Spotted Scat Scatophagus argus in Mangrove Estuary in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia","authors":"S. Morioka, Katsuhisa Tanaka, T. Yurimoto, F. M. Kassim, Kazumaro Okamura","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.361","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the gonadal development and age of the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Histological analysis of gonads indicated that few females and males in the mangrove estuarine system were sexually mature, with few specimens having sizes greater than the typical maturation size (> 140 mm in total length for females, > 110 mm in total length for males). These observations suggested that S. argus do not mature sexually in the mangrove estuary. Growth analysis using age information from otolith increments suggested that S. argus moved or are carried into the mangrove estuary during the late tholichthys larval stage at a size of about 12 mm-14 mm in total length (ca. 37 days old), and that the fish use the estuary as a nursery ground before sexual maturation. The period of sojourn in the estuary is for a maximum of ca. 290 days for females by the size of ca. 160 mm-180 mm in total length and ca. 155 days for males by the size of ca. 110 mm in total length. After these nursery periods, grown specimens reaching sexual maturity are considered to leave the estuary habitats. Discipline: Fisheries Additional key words: Daily age, gonad analysis, growth, mangrove estuary","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84594373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of Trichuris suis Worms and Eggs in Pig Feces, Infected Intestines, and Farm Environments in Japan","authors":"Ryunosuke Muramatsu, R. Sato, Narihisa Onuma, K. Sasai, T. Shibahara, M. Matsubayashi","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.271","url":null,"abstract":"Trichuris suis is a common parasite in pigs that is thought to infect humans based on studies using recently developed molecular methods. However, the utility of such molecular methods for detection has not been examined. In the present study, we assessed PCRand sequencing-based molecular methods for the detection of several stages of T. suis. PCR targeting the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit was successful with amplification of DNA from the samples. The sequences of the isolates formed a phylogenetic cluster with isolates from China and Ecuador. The assay was effective by using DNAs extracted from a low number of eggs (> 20 eggs) and the fragments of worms after histopathologic analyses. This is the first report describing the molecular identification of T. suis from pigs in Japan. Discipline: Animal Science Additional key words: molecular detection, nematode, parasite, PCR","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"30 1","pages":"271-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81486410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Health and Mother Empowerment in Rural Myanmar","authors":"C. Nakamura, Yoko Saito, Thuzar Shwe","doi":"10.6090/JARQ.54.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/JARQ.54.253","url":null,"abstract":"Child health is often a weak link in developing countries, and Myanmar is a case in point. Broadly speaking, a mother’s education has been shown in the literature to be an important factor in the determination of child health. But the empowerment of women over the allocation of intrahousehold resources has also been shown to be an important child health factor, and thus an accumulation of human capital. In the present study, we use survey data on an important anthropometric indicator of child health and its associated household characteristics to specify and estimate a child-health production function in rural Myanmar. We then use this production function to draw implications for the height-for-age growth curves. Importantly, our questionnaire-based indicator of empowerment shows the mother’s inf luence over household decisions regarding income, expenditures, and education to be an important factor in the Z-score of the height-for-age indicative of a child’s longterm nutritional status. Nearly 30% of girls and 48% of boys are found in a condition of being stunted nutritionally, and the growth curves come closer to the WHO standard as the empowerment of women improves. Although a number of women rights were achieved early in Myanmar, greater empowerment in the home remains a key to improve child welfare. Discipline: Social Science Additional key words: bargaining power, child nutrition, health production function, height-for-age, human capital","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"58 1","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85416740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}