Iranian Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> with Attention to Clinical Features in Patients Originated from Three Endemic Provinces in the North and South of Iran.","authors":"Sahar Semnan, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Meysam Sharifdini, Enayat Darabi, Zohre Fakhrieh-Kashan","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17167","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> is one of the neglected tropical diseases. We aimed to verify the genetic diversity of <i>S. stercoralis</i> with attention to clinical features of the infection in patients using the <i>Cox</i>1 gene and DNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using parasitological methods, <i>S. stercoralis</i> was isolated from stool samples of patients who had been referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients originated from three endemic provinces of Iran including Guilan and Mazandaran in the north and Khouzestan in the south of Iran. After recording the clinical symptoms of the patients, DNA extraction of the isolates, PCR, and sequencing of the <i>Cox</i>1 gene region were performed. The gene sequences were analyzed by Chromas, Bio edit, and Dna SP 6.0, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 10 isolates of <i>S. stercoralis</i> were collected from patients 55 to 73 years old. Among the patients, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous clinical symptoms were the most common, respectively. Ten isolates were classified into 4 haplotypes, 2 of which were specific to this study. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were placed in a subclade with haplotypes including isolates from dogs in Cambodia. Haplotype 4 which is hereby introduced in the world for the first time included an isolate from a patient with hyper-infection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>Cox</i>1 gene showed genetic diversity for <i>S. stercoralis</i> isolates. Accordingly, no significant genetic difference was observed between the sequences from patients with hyper-infection and non-hyper-infection. The only isolate from a patient with disseminated and hyper-infection strongyloidiasis was genetically different from all other isolates in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 (OGG1) Alleviated Anemia Severity and Excessive Cytokines Release during <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> Malaria in Mice.","authors":"Abdullahi Samaila, Rusliza Basir, Nur Aimi Liyana Abdul Aziz, Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei, Mukhtar Lawal Gambo, Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah, Mohd Khairi Hussain, Norshariza Nordin, Roslaini Abd Majid","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17163","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interplay of OGG1, 8-Oxoguanine, and oxidative stress triggers the exaggerated release of cytokines during malaria, which worsens the outcome of the disease. We aimed to investigate the involvement of OGG1 in malaria and assess the effect of modulating its activity on the cytokine environment and anemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Plasmodium berghei ANKA</i> infection in ICR mice was used as a malaria model. OGG1 concentration and oxidative stress levels in <i>P. berghei</i>-infected mice and their control counterparts were assessed during malaria using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OGG1 activity in malaria mice was modulated using treatment with TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors. The effects of modulating OGG1 activity using OGG1 inhibitors on cytokine release and anemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria infection were assessed by cytometric bead array and measurement of total normal red blood cell count respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plasma OGG1 level was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with parasitemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria in mice. Modulation of OGG1 ameliorated malaria severity by improving the total normal RBC count in TH5487 and O8-treated mice. Modulation of OGG1 with TH5487 caused significant reductions in serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10. Similarly, OGG1 modulation activity using an O8-OGG1 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate the involvement of OGG1 in the <i>P. berghei</i> malaria infection. OGG1 inhibition by TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors suppressed excessive cytokine release, and this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ameliorating the severity of malaria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"428-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> Diagnosed with Endoscopic Ultrasound and Treated with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography: A Case Report.","authors":"Mustafa Zanyar Akkuzu, Ahmet Yavuz, Berat Ebik, Ümit Karabulut, Ali Üzel, Ferhat Bacaksız","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17169","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection, a zoonotic parasite that lives in the liver bile ducts. A 31-year-old female patient was diagnosed with symptoms such as nausea, increased liver enzymes, and right upper quadrant pain for about a year. The parasite was detected in the common bile duct by Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and removed by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP). Treatment was performed with 10 mg/kg triclabendazole. Eosinophilia, abdominal pain, and dietary history are important clues in the diagnosis of infection. Imaging methods, especially EUS, play a critical role in diagnosis. With this method, parasites can be seen as mobile hyperechogenic structures. If untreated, parasites can survive in their hosts for many years, therefore early diagnosis and treatment are important in preventing complications. It is recommended to monitor the eosinophil levels and serological test results of patients after treatment. As a result, EUS is a very valuable diagnostic tool in suspected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"480-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"A New Immunogenic Structure of Polyepitopic Fusion against <i>Leishmania major</i>: In Silico Study\".","authors":"Hamidreza Majidiani, Seyyed Amir Hosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17175","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"515-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Characterization of <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. in Cattle in Nigeria.","authors":"Olamilekan Banwo, Olalekan Jeremiah, Rofiat Adesina, Abraham Adeyemo, Olusegun Fagbohun","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17165","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemonchosis is a major parasitic infestation in ruminant livestock, causing significant economic losses annually. The causative organisms are helminths of the genus <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. Detection of the causative agent is important for effective management and control of the disease. Molecular detection and characterization of parasites is a very dependable approach for parasite identification, especially where morphological characterization is unreliable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To detect and characterize <i>Haemonchus species</i> in cases of haemonchosis at a Municipal abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria; abomasal samples were collected from cattle at the abattoir. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and amplify 320 bp internal transcribed spacer-2 (<i>ITS-2</i>) and 400 bp external transcribed spacer (ETS) genes of the adult worms in the samples. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction were carried out to further confirm the presence of the worms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the presence of <i>H. placei</i> in the abomasal samples and further confirmed the species as a distinct species of bovine worms at the abattoir. Multiple sequence alignment also revealed genetic sites that can be employed to distinguish <i>H. placei</i> from <i>H. contortus</i> and <i>H. similis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular techniques; PCR and sequence analysis are very important and reliable in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. This will help to formulate effective control measures for eradication of the parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"448-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of Giant Hydatid Cyst and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ismail Eren Birol, Sukru Salih Toprak, Fatih Gurel","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17174","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From a global perspective, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hydatid cyst disease are both common; however, the endemic and zoonotic nature of hydatid cysts (due to <i>Echinococcus</i> larvae) makes the simultaneous detection of the two conditions a rare occurrence. In this case report, in a 43-year-old male patient, we aim to draw attention to the potential coexistence of HCC and liver hydatid cysts by presenting a case in which HCC tissue was detected in the cyst wall-removed by emergency surgery due to cyst perforation. Hydatid lesions in the liver may exhibit tumor-like growth characteristics. Consequently, identifying a hydatid cyst concomitant with HCC can be challenging, particularly when HCC has developed within the cystic structure. Careful assessment of resected tissues and detailed diagnostic approaches can facilitate the identification of such cases, even if the risk of HCC in patients with hydatid cysts is marginal. It may be advisable to suggest periodic monitoring with HCC-related markers and liver imaging methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"509-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Aspects of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Infection among High-Risk Women in Karaj, Iran.","authors":"Amir Bairami, Kourosh Kabir, Behrouz Abbasi Alaei, Saeed Bahadory, Mostafa Rezaeian","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17168","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan <i>Trichomonas vaginalis,</i> which causes health and emotional damages to the sufferers annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>T. vaginalis</i> and its related risk factors among the high-risk women in the city of Karaj, central Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and September 2022. In all 192 samples were taken from high-risk women referred to the center for vulnerable women and also from women in Fardis Prison of Karaj. All samples were examined by culture and microscopic method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>T. vaginalis</i> in high-risk women was estimated at 7.8% (15/192). Subgroup prevalence was also assessed according to the severity of symptoms, and no significant association was observed between the prevalence and the symptoms' severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the high prevalence of the parasite among vulnerable/high-risk women, particularly in people with poor socioeconomic conditions, preventive health measures in this high-risk group seem necessary. Nevertheless, given that men have no symptoms but may be carriers of the parasite, the same study is also recommended for men.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"475-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Pathogenic <i>Theileria luwenshuni</i> Infection in a Goat: A Case Report.","authors":"Syed Abdul Arif, Deepa Lahkar, Sophia Makdoh Gogoi, Bendangla Changkija, Parikshit Kakati, Lukumoni Buragohain, Mamta Pathak, Tinku Das","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17173","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-year-old female Assam Hill goat was presented with a clinical history of anorexia, fever, mild anemia, rough body coat, dehydration, tachycardia, dyspnea and swelling of palpable lymph nodes. Hematology revealed low hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and thrombocyte count. Biochemical analysis showed increased serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea in comparison to the normal reference range. Microscopic examination showed intra-erythrocytic forms of Theileria species. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene sequence confirmed Theileria luwenshuni infection. The goat was treated with buparvaquone and oxytetracycline and recovered uneventfully. A three-month follow-up showed no recurrence. This study reveals the presence of T. luwenshuni in Assam, India and it should be considered in differential diagnosis and as one of the important pathogens of clinically sick goats. The present case report provides a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment for a goat infected with pathogenic T. luwenshuni in Assam, India. To our knowledge, the present communication describes about the first successful therapeutic management of pathogenic T. luwenshuni infection in a goat supported with molecular evidence from Assam, a north-eastern state of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"502-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Endosymbiont in <i>Acanthamoeba</i>-Positive Samples in Laboratory Conditions and in the Hospital Environments.","authors":"Alireza Mohammadi, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Fatemeh Ghafarifar, Majid Pirestani, Majid Akbari","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17160","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to identity <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> endosymbiont in <i>Acanthamoeba</i>-positive samples in natural and laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 134 samples were collected from hospital environments. Microscopic and PCR test were used for detection of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> and <i>H. pylori.</i> The real-time PCR method was used to check the active presence of <i>H. pylori</i> within <i>Acanthamoeba</i> under natural conditions from hospital samples and in co-culture laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of contamination of hospital samples with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> was 44.7%. Out of 42 <i>Acanthamoeba</i> PCR-positive samples, 13 isolates (31%) were positive in terms of <i>H. pylori</i> endosymbiont according to sampling location. <i>H. pylori</i> is able to penetrate and enter the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> parasite.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>H. pylori</i> is able to contaminate <i>Acanthamoeba</i> in natural and laboratory conditions. The presence of pathogenic <i>Acanthamoeba</i> in various hospital environments and the hiding of <i>Helicobacter</i> as an endosymbiont inside it can pose a serious threat to the health of hospitalized patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"397-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of IL-18 (Rs 1946519) in Recurrent Aborted Iraqi Women and Its Association with Toxoplasmosis.","authors":"Sabreen Hadi Fadhil, Entsar Jabbar Saheb","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17161","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to shed light on the risks of elevated levels of IL-18 in aborted women with toxoplasmosis by evaluating the risk or protective function of alleles or genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL-18 (rs 1946519), which might be related to the susceptibility to toxoplasmosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IL-18 levels in patient and control blood samples were determined using ELISA, and the SNP IL-18 (ra 1946519) was subjected to the high-resolution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to healthy pregnant women (HP), the IL-18 serum levels of recurrent abortion with toxoplasmosis (RAWT), recurrent abortion without toxoplasmosis (RAWOT), and healthy non-pregnant (HNP) women decreased with significant differences. Additionally, a strong association between patients and controls was found in the SNP IL-18 data. RAWT and RAWOT with the genotypes AA and AC had significantly lower IL-18 serum levels than women HP, according to the distribution of IL-18 serum levels by SNP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The serum level of IL-18 varied by genotype in patients with substantial differences compared to controls, while the SNP of IL-18 has been linked as a risk factor in toxoplasmosis-infected recurrent abortion women.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"408-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}