IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA最新文献

{"title":"POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE TEREPHTHALIC ACID AMIDE","authors":"R. Vesnin, M. Vokhmyanin, A. Alalykin","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6055","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to conduct and study the process of chemical recycling of solid household waste of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a mixture of amino alcohols (monoethanolamine and triethanolamine) under relatively mild conditions and without the use of catalysts. It was revealed that during the reaction of PET with a mixture of amino alcohols of a low molecular weight white product is formed, containing in its structure an aromatic core, two amide and two hydroxyl groups - N, N'-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide. The most effective purification and isolation of the target low molecular weight compound from the reaction mixtures is achieved by recrystallization from water. The structure of the obtained compound was studied using IR Fourier spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as some physicochemical properties of the obtained compound (solubility, melting point). A technological scheme for obtaining this low molecular weight substance in relatively large volumes by a periodic method with the regeneration of the initial amino alcohols for their reuse is proposed. The process is carried out in a heated batch reactor, which receives crushed PET waste, as well as a mixture of amino alcohols. The reaction mass is maintained at a temperature of 160 °C and periodic stirring for 3-4 h. After completion of the reaction and cooling the mixture is fed into the apparatus-crystallizer for further selection of the target product by crystallization from water. In addition, on the basis of the available experimental data and theoretical assumptions, the possibility in principle of using the obtained low-molecular compound as a monomer in the polycondensation reaction to obtain polyamidoesters is considered, similar to the principles of obtaining polyethylene terephthalate from diglycolterephthalate. It was shown that the depolymerization product enters into a polycondensation reaction with the formation of an oligomeric product - a viscous, resinous mass having a color from yellow to caramel.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81127800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE ABSORPTION OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR OXIDES BY IRON-MANGANESE CONCRETIONS","authors":"O. M. Flisyuk, D. A. Novikova, S. A. Panasenko, N. A. Martsulevich","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6015","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-manganese concretions (IMC) absorption characteristic and composition of the material was studied. The active component in it is manganese (IV) oxide MnO2. A method is proposed for using a suspension of iron-manganese concretions ore to capture industrial emissions: nitrogen oxide (II) NO and sulfur oxide (IV) SO2. This method involves the reaction of the absorption of nitrogen oxide (II) NO by manganese (IV) oxide MnO2 in the presence of nitric acid HNO3. The formation of manganese nitrate Mn(NO3)2 occurs. Also, the reaction of the absorption of sulfur oxide (IV) SO2 by manganese (IV) oxide MnO2 with the formation of manganese sulfate MnSO4 takes place. Special installations for research and development of the process of sorption were developed. The results of experimental studies of the sorption process of nitrogen oxide (II) NO and sulfur oxide (IV) SO2 by a suspension based on IMC are presented. The main parameters of the influence on the process of the system operation are indicated: time for reaching a constant mode, temperature of the working suspension, method of mixing. Tables and figures are given showing the experimental results of the processes with various factors of influence. Optimal conditions for maximum efficient conduction of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide absorption process were determined for adsorption of these gases to 85% and 99%, respectively, from the model mixtures that corresponds to the waste gases. Comparative analysis of sorption processes of NO and SO2 was performed.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90108361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOCOMPOSITES OF ULTRAHIGH-MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE","authors":"Ksenia A. Kulikovskaya, V. Vodyakov, A. A. Shabarin","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.5988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.5988","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the physicomechanical and rheological characteristics of nanocomposites of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, grade GUR 4120 (Ticona) with nanocrystalline silica with a dispersity of 20 nm (0.05% - 0.2%), nano scale aluminum oxide of the mark “Nafen” 10 ... 20 nm (0.1%) and carbon nanotubes Tuballmatrixbeta (0.1%). It was established that the introduction of silicon dioxide in the optimal concentration of 0.1 ... 0.15% contributes to an increase in the tensile strength by 44%, and the final modulus of elasticity by 46%. The limit of forced elasticity and the initial modulus of elasticity are more influenced by carbon nanotubes (an increase of 23%). However, the results in this case are characterized by a significant scatter of values. Nanofibres of the Nafen brand provide growth of strength by 22%, final elastic modulus by 28.6%. The dependence of the complex viscosity of composites at a temperature of 180 °C on the angular velocity is described by the Ostwald de Ville power equation. The introduction of nanoscale modifiers leads to an increase in the consistency coefficient of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene by 3.9 ... 6.6 times, with the flow index increasing only by 1.02 ... 1.28 times. It is shown that the use of optimal (0.1 ... 0.15%) concentrations of nanocrystalline silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide nanofibers and carbon nanotubes combined with ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene by mechanochemical activation in a planetary ball mill, significantly improves physical and mechanical characteristics of the latter. In this case, a more effective modifier is nanocrystalline silicon dioxide. The significant effect of ultra-low concentrations of nanoscale modifiers is apparently due to the formation of a spatial network of physical bonds in the composite volume, which persists even at a temperature of 180 ° C, as evidenced by the results of rheological tests.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82359836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTRACTION ABILITY ESTIMATION OF AQUEOUS STRATIFIED SYSTEMS ON EXAMPLE OF COPPER (I, II), CADMIUM AND ZINC EXTRACTION FROM HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS","authors":"M. I. Degtev, A. Stankova, D. Knutov, A. Medvedev, Mariya Yu. Russkikh","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6005","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of diantipyrylalkanes to form liquid two-phase equilibrium without an organic solvent in systems with organic acids - benzoic and salicylic has been investigated. In most cases, the separation of systems is achieved when the ratio of the reagent: acid is 1 – 1.25: 1 – 1.12, heated to 85 °C and in the presence of mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4). The volume of the organic phase from 0.8 to 2.0 ml is sufficient for practical purposes, for example, for the extraction of macro or micro quantities of metal ions. It was established that diantipyrylmethane (reagent, L) or its homolog propyldianthipyrylmethane does not form stratification in systems with benzoic and salicylic acids in the absence of HCl or H2SO4 solutions. And, on the contrary, the more basic reagent - hexyldianthipyrylmethane stratifies solutions containing these organic acids without HCl or H2SO4. At the same time, the introduction of the latter provides the separation of aqueous systems with the participation of all reagents diantipyrylmethane, propyldianthipyrylmethane, and hexyldianthipyrylmethane. The volume of the organic phase is increased to 2.0 ml or more. The extraction of macroquantities of ions of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) was studied under optimal conditions of stratification. Chloride or sulfate ions served as ligands. The optimal conditions for the extraction of metal cations, the composition and mechanism of the extracted complexes were determined. The ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : metal is determined by the saturation method, which turned out to be equal to hexyldianthipyrylmethane : Me2+ = 2 : 1. With this ratio, the organic phase becomes solid. Chemical analysis of the extract with an excess of hexyldianthipyrylmethane and benzoic acid for all components showed the ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : H+ : Me2+ : Cl- : benzoic acid = 4.0 : 3.9 : 1.0 : 4.3 : 2.2, which corresponds to the complex (RH)2[MeCl4]∙2RH∙benzoic acid, solvated by two molecules of hexyldianthipyrylmethane benzoate.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STYRENE PRODUCTION BY SEQUENTIAL SYNTHESIS AND BUTADIENE-1,3 CYCLODYMERS DEHYDROGENATION","authors":"I. Alexandrova, Z. R. Tushakova, Elena V. Prokutina","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196211.6001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the experimental research of a two-stage process for styrene production from butadiene-1,3 by a sequential synthesis of the butadiene-1,3 (4-vinylcyclohexene-1 and cyclooctadiene) cyclodimers in the first stage and styrene – in the second stage. The purpose of the research is to increase the productivity of the process and its selectivity and to simplify the technology for producing styrene and ethylbenzene from one type of raw material – n-butane. The possibility of producing 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 and cyclooctadiene by thermal and catalytic butadiene-1,3 dimerization on batch and continuous installations using copper nitrate, copper [Cu(NH3)4] (NO2) complex salt, iron pentacarbonyl, iron trichloride as catalysts is shown, as well as the regularities of the thermal butadiene dimerization process in the gas phase are established. The goal has been achieved by carrying out the synthesis of butadiene dimers on a flow-through installation in the gas phase at a high temperature and low pressure, in the presence of water vapor and a gum inhibitor. The results of laboratory research of the process for the styrene production by 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 dehydrogenation at the industrial catalysts for the hydrocarbons dehydrogenation: palladium 1.0% Pd/γ-Al2O3 (AP), platinum 0.6% Pt/γ-Al2O3 (IP-62), iron-chromium-potassium oxide (K-28) aluminum-chromium granulated for one-step dehydrogenation of n-butane produced by \"Houdry\" are presented. The possibility of styrene production by 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 dehydrogenation at the industrial catalyst for the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation has been established. It is shown that turning 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 into styrene occurs with an increase in temperature above 400 °C through the ethylbenzene-forming stage. When dehydrating 4-vinylcyclohexene-1, selectivity for ethylbenzene on the aluminum-chromium catalyst for the dehydrogenation of paraffin hydrocarbons with the composition of 18–20% Cr2O3, γAl2O3 has been revealed. According to the results obtained, optimal conditions for the process have been chosen.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87879125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARGE COMPENSATION IN POTASSIUM POLYFERRITE AT DOPING WITH FOUR-CHARGED IONS","authors":"L. G. Anikanova, Z. G. Malysheva, T. N. Sudzilovskaya, N. V. Dvoretskii","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5953","url":null,"abstract":"In order to clarify the mechanism of charge compensation with the introduction of additives of four-charged ions ions into the composition of catalytically active potassium polyferrites, mixtures with different molar ratios KFeO2: Fe: Fe2O3: MeO2, where Me is Ce, Ti, Zr, were calcined in a muffle furnace in a stream of nitrogen for 4 - 6 h at a temperature of 970 K. As a result, single-phase potassium polyferrites with the β˝-alumina-type structure were obtained, which was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry. Based on the measurement of the electronic conductivity of doped polyferrites, the determination of the content of two-charged and three- charged iron, it has been established that the introduction of four-charged ions into the structure of a β˝-alumina type polyferrite occurs in accordance with the charge compensation mechanism described by the formula K2FeII1+qFeIII10-2qMeqIVO17, where q is a coefficient characterizing the content of the additive of four-charged ion. The above mechanism is implemented by reducing part of the three- charged iron while maintaining the initial content of alkali metal. The effect of the nature of the alloying ion on the composition and the electronic conductivity of the obtained polyferrite is shown. The destabilizing effect of four-charged ions, which is expressed in facilitating the emission of alkali metal from the crystal lattice of polyferrite, has been revealed. It is shown that the ratio of various charge forms of iron can be controlled within wide limits not only by changing the redox properties of the atmosphere, but also by introducing various additives into the potassium polyferrite structure. A violation of single-phase cerium-doped polyferrites was noted when reaching a value of q of more than 0.6. For polyferrites doped with titanium or zirconium, the structure was maintained throughout the entire range of q values studied.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80523807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-CHLORO-4-NITROANILINE ADSORPTION ON ACTIVE CARBON FROM 2-PROPANOL SOLUTIONS","authors":"N. Sharonov, A. A. Fedorova","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.6014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.6014","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro anilines and its halogen derivatives, are widely used in the industrial synthesis of dispersed azo dyes and some pharmaceutical products. For its preparation the processes of heterogeneous catalysis in various liquid media are used. One of the most important stages of catalysis, which in some cases determines its rate, is adsorption. The study of the nitro compounds adsorption from aqueous and non-aqueous solvents on the heterogeneous catalysts surface makes it possible to reveal the catalytic hydrogenation intimate mechanism features and the solvent influence on the hydrogenation process. In this work, we studied the 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline adsorption on active carbon from 2-propanol solutions at 293 and 313 K. Adsorption isotherms, two-dimensional state diagrams of the surface layers were obtained, and the isosteric heats of the process were calculated. The experimental adsorption isotherms are described in the framework of the volume filling of micropores for mesoporous adsorbents theory. The heat of adsorption is negative and decreases in absolute value with increasing degree of surface filling. On two-dimensional surface layers state diagrams the breaks presence, which corresponds to two-dimensional phase transitions, similar to second-order transitions in surface films. This fact indicates changes in the surface layers state with an increase in the degree of filling the coal surface with adsorbate, is observed.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF PROPERTIES OF POLYETHERNAFLUYLENEBENZIMIDAZOLES USING REACTION OF NUCLEOPHILIC POLYNITRO-SUBSTITUTION","authors":"R. Kumykov, A. Kyarov","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5994","url":null,"abstract":"Soluble polyethernaftoylenbenzimidazoles (PENBI) not previously described are obtained by reacting bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene with bisphenols using nucleophilic polynitrosubstitution reaction. The synthesis conditions and the influence of the introduced \"bridge\" flexible ether, dichloroethylene and carbonyl groups between the phenyl cores of the central fragments of macromolecules on the solubility, thermal and strength properties of the synthesized polymers were studied. Improving melting and solubility (PENBI) without a significant effect on the thermal and strength characteristics is achieved by introducing naphthylamide cycles into them, in combination with flexible bridging fragments into macromolecules of target polymers. The initial bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained on the basis of (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) and bis (o-phenylene diamines), which are derivatives of chloral. In this aspect, the bis (o-phenylenediamine) and bis (nitronaphthoylenenbenzimidazole) arylenes synthesized by us are unique, both in terms of availability of raw materials and price. Bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained by the interaction of two moles (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) with one mole of bis (o-phenylenediamine) under conditions of high-temperature catalytic cyclocondensation in organic solvents. All reactions of the synthesis of bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene proceeded homogeneously and resulted in well-cyclized dinitro compounds. As a comonomer of bis (nitronaphtho-ylenbenzimidazole) arylenes, bis-phenols containing also flexible “bridge” groups between phenyl nuclei were used in the synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenbenzimidazoles. The synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles was carried out by the interaction of bis (3 or 4-nitronaphthylenebenzimidazole) arylenes with bis-phenols under mild conditions in dimethyl sulfoxide or its mixture with toluene at a temperature of 70 ° C for 2 h in an absolutely dry environment.  The obtained composite polymers were well soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and had a rather wide interval between the temperatures of active destruction and softening temperatures (~ 250-260 ° С). Analysis of the primary thermal characteristics of the obtained polymers showed that they are characterized by relatively high temperatures of destruction (510-550 ºС). Polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles are amorphous: this fact, combined with the presence in the macromolecules of a large number of flexible and “hinged” groups, determine their increased solubility in chlorinated and phenolic solvents. The significant difference between the softening temperature and the temperature of active destruction determines the possibility of their processing into products by injection molding. An analysis of the fire resistance of polymers showed that the highest oxygen index is for polymers, where macromolecules contain more dichloroethylene groups (KI = 62)","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81438327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOMIMETIC APPROACHES TO STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES","authors":"N. Melnikova, O. Solovyova, Evgeni N. Evgeni N. Kochetkov","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5917","url":null,"abstract":"The review is devoted to an assessment of the current level of use of biomimetic approaches to the study of the properties of known drugs and the development of new drugs. In this review, we consider the main biological functions of superoxide dismutase, namely the catalytic decomposition of toxic superoxide anion of oxygen to the molecular form of oxygen and protection against induced apoptosis. The biomimetic enzymes-Mn- and TEMPO-containing equivalents of superoxide dismutase SOD with antitumor and antioxidant activity were discussed more detail. The relationship between the properties and activity of SOD mimetics with their structure among them the nature of the anion and ligands, the coordination number, the geometry of the presence of conjugated bonds, and other parameters of the molecules. The study of the properties of Mn-SOD mimetics makes it possible to develop a new class of drugs successfully tested by in vivo and in vitro experiments and which are at the stages of clinical trials. Stable TEMPO radicals containing compounds are able to perform SOD functions, exhibiting antioxidant activity in relation not only to superoxide-anion, but also to peroxynitrile, and moreover to act as a spin label. The biomimetic membrane systems (monolayers, planar lipid bilayers, liposomes and other nano-sized objects) are discussed too for studying properties in in vitro experiments and for delivering potent and medicinal substances. The biomimetic approach combination allows to create the new promising drugs, including those based on SOD mimetics, and to develop the synthetic analogues of biologically active substances and methods of their delivery. The advantages of such dosage forms are lower toxicity of the preparations, lack of immunogenicity and a decrease in the dose of potent drugs.","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89552596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHOD OF EVALUATING CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT USING ELECTROMAGNETIC DRYING OF SAMPLE OF ARBITRARY SHAPE","authors":"A. Afanasiev, G. A. Popov, B. Siplivy","doi":"10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5954","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical methods were used to study the process of removing moisture from the sample of arbitrary shape, located in the working chamber of the installation for drying by electromagnetic waves. The sample is blown by the air flow and exposed to two types of radiation, having a large and, accordingly, small compared to the size of the sample penetration depth. To increase the uniformity of blowing and heat treatment, the sample is rotated. The equations of heat and mass transfer theory are used as a mathematical model of drying Lykov in a medium with constant thermal coefficients. Using transformations of three types - averaging over turnaround time, averaging over coordinates, and transition to time asymptotics - the original equations are reduced to a form that contains only numerical characteristics of functions.  On the basis of these relations, formulas for the values called characteristic temperature and moisture content differences, which characterize the degree of heterogeneity of the corresponding fields, are proposed. The introduced differences depend on the thermophysical parameters of the material, the typical size of the sample (for the ball – diameter), as well as on the power of generators of electromagnetic waves with a large and small penetration depth. In the case of a ball, the characteristic differences give the exact values of the temperature difference and the moisture content difference between the surface of the ball and its center. The results of the work allow to organize electromagnetic drying, in which at a high intensity of moisture evaporation from the surface of the sample there is no overheating of the material (due to a large temperature drop) or its destruction from mechanical deformations (due to a large difference in moisture content).","PeriodicalId":14640,"journal":{"name":"IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83112936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}