{"title":"The Initial Temperature Rise in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator as a Tool in the Detection of Stator Inter-Turn Short-Circuits","authors":"M. Barrett","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756141","url":null,"abstract":"The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) has many of the characteristics required for wind and tidal-stream generators. It is however, prone to stator winding inter-turn short-circuits, which can progress to catastrophic failure. This paper explores the possibility of detecting inter-turn short-circuits by analysis of the generator’s temperature rise under stator open-circuit conditions. The platform for detecting and flagging temperature rise is the programmable controller (PLC). The effects of, and the detection of inter-turn short-circuits from the literature are examined. A series of experiments to capture generator temperature at 5-minute intervals at different output frequencies and at different starting temperatures is carried out. From those experimental results it was evident that there was detectable temperature difference between a normal and a faulted stator winding in the first 5 minutes of operation. A methodology to detect, and within the 5-minute time scale, flag this abnormal temperature rise is proposed. The novelty of this approach is that it focusses on the rate of change of the PMSG temperature rise rather than absolute values. This is relevant as PMSG initial temperatures can vary due to operational and environmental factors. The methodology proposed was found to be robust. Further work will explore temperature rise under generator load conditions.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"25 1-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127463638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calibration of a Frequency Reference for the Communications Standard 802.11g","authors":"Iulian Ursac, F. Constantinescu","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756137","url":null,"abstract":"A method for the calibration of the frequencies of all 14 communication channels of the 802.11g standard is presented in this paper. Unlike the known solutions, the frequency synthesizer employs a variable frequency reference and a fixed ratio frequency divider. 14 frequencies values of the signals produced by the frequency reference block are calibrated. This calibration eliminates the effects of the deposition errors keeping all channel frequencies in a precision margin of ±25 ppm. The calibration resolution can be increased using a higher number of DAC bits or an external software control.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"733 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122662529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimodal Optimization Using GA in Specific Electromagnetic Field Problems","authors":"L. Ferariu, C. Petrescu","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes a multimodal optimization problem concerning the determination of the critical wavenumbers of a dielectric-conductor waveguide. The concomitant exploration around multiple optimal points is solved via genetic algorithms, by enabling both similitude and fitness-based replacements of the old solutions. Through the interaction between these components, the algorithm can balance between promoting different and precise solutions, thus becoming suitable for various objective landscapes with abrupt, large variations. As the genetic algorithm is mainly meant to preserve the diversity of the solutions, the best individuals depicted from the clusters of the final population are improved via an inertial gradient method and only the well-adapted ones are declared as results. The experimental investigations done for different configurations of the design problem demonstrate that this hybrid algorithm is able to provide convenient sets of optimal solutions.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121898432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active Flux Based Predictive Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","authors":"M. Costin, C. Lazar","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756135","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the predictive control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) based on the Active Flux (AF) concept is developed. The speed tracking is based on a linear PI controller in the external loop, while the fast variables as the electromagnetic torque, or currents, and magnetic flux are compensated by a predictive controller. The set points of the current and torque are generated by a lookup table searching and a spline interpolation process with Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) algorithm. The cost function has been improved by adding the AF term. In this case, it is searched the magnetic flux that ensures the high torque developed by the IPMSM. The numerical simulations performed for different cost functions present different particularities. The cost function form influences the output response of the speed and torque. It can be concluded that the cost function may be selected for reducing the computational effort based on statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127876752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the Conductive Properties of the Textile Surfaces for Electrodes or EM Shields Development by Low-Pressure RF Plasma O2","authors":"R. Aileni, L. Chiriac","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methods for enhancing the textile surfaces' conductive properties for flexible electrodes development. Our experiments used 100% raw cotton fabric that presents a pronounced hydrophobic character, followed by treatments in low-pressure RF plasma O2 using a power generator RF1 13.56 MHz and a power generator RF2 40 kHz to achieve a hydrophilic effect of the textile surface. The hydrophilic textile surfaces obtained were treated using scraping method with a conductive paste based polymeric matrix (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) and nickel microparticle (size dimension < 150 μm), followed by free drying for 14-18 hours, respective crosslinking. After free drying at room temperature and crosslinking of the conductive paste, the materials' surface resistance was investigated using the Warmbier METRISO B530 Surface Resistance Tester and concentric ring probe 880, and the results indicated a low surface resistance (4.77 -3.85x102 Ω). In addition, the investigations of hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the textile surfaces using the VCA Optima device and 4μl distilled water drop indicated that the textile surfaces treated in plasma and coated with conductive paste based Ni present a hydrophilic character.The technology used for transforming a hydrophobic material into hydrophilic material in just 3 minutes, RF plasma O2, is a clean technology with zero waste and a low carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130247269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marin, Veronica Manescu (Paltanea), G. Păltânea, P. Andrei, C. Grumeza, I. Hantila
{"title":"Hysteresis Cycle Measurements Using an Innovative Laboratory Equipment","authors":"M. Marin, Veronica Manescu (Paltanea), G. Păltânea, P. Andrei, C. Grumeza, I. Hantila","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756138","url":null,"abstract":"On this paper we have improved our previous researches, by presenting a fully automated system, used to determine the static hysteresis of magnetic materials. Besides an 8-figure shaped magnetic core, two DC coils, powered by a set of electrical currents, whose values are chosen, in order to obtain a null magnetic flux in the central yoke, this novel equipment has 5 instruments with remote control capabilities as it follows: two voltage sources, two digital multimeters and one gaussmeter. The instruments are connected to a microcontroller, which oversees the measurement process. A laptop with only an USB port is needed to collect the results. In order to obtain high values of magnetic flux density in the tested sample, this is placed between two magnetic flux concentrators.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133066899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FEM–PWM Circuit Model of a Brushless DC Motor Using COMSOL","authors":"O. Craiu, T. Ichim","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a computer-aided-design (CAD) of a Brushless DC motor (BLDC) by coupling a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic field model with the electric circuit equations of the PWM, using COMSOL Multiphysics professional software. The transistors are simulated by means of controlled switches, while free wheel diodes are modeled using COMSOL library. The field-circuit model is used to analyze the real phase current variation at different rotor speeds, after a prior motor optimization based on steady-state electromagnetic models and numerical determination of motor’s back EMF.Several practical aspects regarding numerical model built in COMSOL Multiphysics v5.3 are also presented. Brushless DC motor (BLDC), Pulse Width","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132711494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Optimal PID Controller for Magnetic Levitation System Using Linear Quadratic Regulator Approach","authors":"L. Ismail, C. Petrescu, C. Lupu, Duc Lieh Luu","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756190","url":null,"abstract":"this paper presents a proposal of the magnetic levitation (Maglev) ball system by using an optimal PID position controller. The optimal PID controller is achieved to keep a steel ball hanged in the air in the desired position with relation to the electromagnet bottom end. The optimal PID controller is to keep the balance between the magnetic force and the ball's weight. Where the Linear Quadratic Regulator optimal approach is used to place the desired close loop in an optimal sense. In this paper, complete mathematical models of the mechanical, electrical, and magnetic suspension systems that take the Maglev model are presented with the important linearization of the Maglev nonlinear model. The design and simulations are used with Matlab/Simulink model package. This paper is presented very good results with the stability, overshoot, and strong response Results show that this optimal control approach can stabilize the position of the ball and has strong disturbance rejection.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132751802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aspects Regarding Testing of Electromagnetic Contactors Sensitivity to Voltage Dips","authors":"M. Calin, E. Helerea","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756156","url":null,"abstract":"The present status regarding the power consumption in electric networks reveals a higher number of events caused by conducted electromagnetic disturbances. The impact of short and repetitive interruptions of electric voltage represents an important issue in the operation of electric and electronic equipments. Tracing the sensitivity characteristics of electromagnetic immunity type CBEMA of electrical equipment to power failure and short duration interruptions is an effective method for estimating the domain of operability and to improve the operational safety of electrical equipments. The assessment of electrical equipment functionality is emphasized in this paper through an experimental research on AC electromagnetic contactors. The study comprises theoretical and experimental research on the low voltage AC contactors as equipment under tests, description of the test stand and the developed procedure for obtaining the CBEMA immunity curves at abrupt and gradual, individual and repetitive voltage dips, with different dip initiation angle values. Some interpretations of the results are given.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Georgiana Diana Celcan, Leonard Marius Melcescu, C. Gheorghe, T. Tudorache
{"title":"Design Procedure of Small Power Transformers for Didactic Purposes","authors":"Alexandra Georgiana Diana Celcan, Leonard Marius Melcescu, C. Gheorghe, T. Tudorache","doi":"10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISFEE51261.2020.9756187","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental training of students enrolled in electrical engineering study programs is fundamental for their future career. Sometimes, due to specific reasons, the limited laboratory infrastructure does not allow a correct match between theoretical concepts that apply to large equipment and experimental devices existing in the laboratory that are typically small power ones. Such a situation may happen for example when studying the electric transformer. During the practical laboratory activities the students may notice a discrepancy between the theoretical concepts and the obtained experimental results because the small power transformers available in the laboratory have operation characteristics whose shapes are different with respect to those of the large power transformers. Thus, this paper proposes a design procedure for didactic purpose small power transformers, that allow the identification of solutions with predominant reactive component of the short-circuit voltage. An example of using this procedure is applied for a dry type small power single phase transformer, with a rated power of 1kVA.","PeriodicalId":145923,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116992757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}