David T Dunn, Leanne McCabe, Denise Ward, Andrew N Phillips, Fiona C Lampe, Fiona Burns, Valerie Delpech, Peter Weatherburn, T Charles Witzel, Roger Pebody, Peter Kirwan, Jameel Khawam, Sara Croxford, Michael Brady, Kevin A Fenton, Roy Trevelion, Yolanda Collaco-Moraes, Sheena McCormack, Alison J Rodger
{"title":"Assessing Whether Providing Regular, Free HIV Self-Testing Kits Reduces the Time to HIV Diagnosis: An Internet-Based, Randomized Controlled Trial in Men Who Have Sex With Men.","authors":"David T Dunn, Leanne McCabe, Denise Ward, Andrew N Phillips, Fiona C Lampe, Fiona Burns, Valerie Delpech, Peter Weatherburn, T Charles Witzel, Roger Pebody, Peter Kirwan, Jameel Khawam, Sara Croxford, Michael Brady, Kevin A Fenton, Roy Trevelion, Yolanda Collaco-Moraes, Sheena McCormack, Alison J Rodger","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003564","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of onward HIV transmission is strongly influenced by the interval between HIV infection and its diagnosis. The SELPHI trial examined whether this interval could be reduced by offering free HIV self-testing kits to men who have sex with men (MSM).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Internet-based RCT of MSM aged ≥16 years, resident in England/Wales, recruited through sexual and social networking sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The second-stage randomization of SELPHI was open to participants who used an initial free HIV self-test kit, were HIV seronegative, and reported recent condomless anal sex. They were randomized to receive a free HIV self-test kit every 3 months (repeat testing [RT] group) versus no such offer (nRT group). The primary outcome was time from randomization to a confirmed HIV diagnosis, determined from linkage to national HIV surveillance databases. The key secondary outcome was the frequency of HIV testing regardless of test modality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2308 eligible participants (1161 RT, 1147 nRT) were randomized between April 2017 and June 2018, and followed for 15-27 months. The proportion of participants reporting an HIV test in the previous 3 months was much higher in the RT group (86%) than in the nRT group (39%). Overall, 16 (9 RT, 7 nRT) confirmed HIV diagnoses were observed (0.35/100 person-years), with no difference between the groups (hazard ratio = 1.27 [95% CI: 0.47 to 3.41], P = 0.63).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Providing regular free self-testing kits to sexually active MSM was highly acceptable and markedly increased HIV testing. However, in this low incidence cohort, it did not result in a demonstrably more rapid diagnosis of incident infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiana Cristina Dos Santos, Robert Garofalo, Lisa M Kuhns, Thomas Scherr, Rebecca Schnall
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention on Enhancing HIV Knowledge in Sexual and Gender Minority Men.","authors":"Fabiana Cristina Dos Santos, Robert Garofalo, Lisa M Kuhns, Thomas Scherr, Rebecca Schnall","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003562","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender women (YTGW) are disproportionately affected by HIV infection. Adequate HIV knowledge is critical for protecting adolescents and young adults at risk for HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the mLab App intervention in enhancing HIV knowledge among YMSM and YTGW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effect of the mLab App on HIV knowledge. We calculated interactions between groups (mLab App intervention, standard of care, at-home testing) over time (6 and 12 months) following the baseline observation, indicating a difference in the outcome scores from baseline to each time across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the mLab App group initially had lower HIV knowledge than those in other groups, access to the App demonstrated a progressive impact on HIV knowledge over time. Despite the absence of a statistically significant effect at the 6-month follow-up, the long-term evaluation suggests improvements in HIV knowledge during the 12-month intervention follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests the potential of the mLab App as a valuable tool for long-term HIV education and awareness for YMSM and YTGW. Further research is needed to understand the factors influencing the short-term effect on HIV knowledge. The mLab App may be a useful intervention for improving HIV knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathleen M Powis, Mauricio Pinilla, Flynn McMorrow, Alice Stek, Kristina M Brooks, David E Shapiro, Kevin Knowles, Ahizechukwu C Eke, Elizabeth Greene, Allison Agwu, Lourdes Topete, Renee Browning, Nahida Chakhtoura, Priyanka Arora, Xiaoying Huang, Brookie M Best, Mark Mirochnick, Jeremiah D Momper
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bictegravir in Pregnant and Postpartum Persons With HIV and Their Infants.","authors":"Kathleen M Powis, Mauricio Pinilla, Flynn McMorrow, Alice Stek, Kristina M Brooks, David E Shapiro, Kevin Knowles, Ahizechukwu C Eke, Elizabeth Greene, Allison Agwu, Lourdes Topete, Renee Browning, Nahida Chakhtoura, Priyanka Arora, Xiaoying Huang, Brookie M Best, Mark Mirochnick, Jeremiah D Momper","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003571","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data exist on bictegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy among persons with HIV (PWH) and infant washout.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter phase-IV prospective study of bictegravir pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnant PWH and their infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Steady-state 24-hour pharmacokinetic sampling of oral bictegravir 50 mg once daily (a component of fixed-dose combination bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) during the second and third trimesters and postpartum was performed. Cord blood and infant washout samples were collected. Total and free bictegravir concentrations were measured by validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methods. Within-participant geometric mean ratios (GMR) with 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare pharmacokinetics between second and third trimester versus postpartum. Infant HIV testing results were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven maternal-infant pairs were enrolled. Bictegravir area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 through 24 hours post-dose was 46% lower in the second trimester (n = 12; P = 0.002; GMR 0.54; 90% CI: 0.43 to 0.69) and 52% lower in the third trimester (n = 24; P < 0.0001; GMR 0.48; 90% CI: 0.43 to 0.55), compared with postpartum. C 24 concentrations were above the estimated bictegravir protein-adjusted 95% effective concentration of 0.162 μg/mL. The median ratio of cord-to-maternal blood concentration was 1.38 (n = 17; quartiles: 1.17-1.63). Median T 1/2 for infant bictegravir washout was 33.2 hours (quartiles: 25.7-45.9) with a C max of 2.06 μg/mL (quartiles: 1.37-2.72). Overall, 88%-92% of participants maintained suppression <40 copies/mL throughout pregnancy and postpartum. All available infant HIV testing results were negative. The safety profile for pregnant PWH and infants was acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bictegravir exposure was lower during pregnancy compared with postpartum, yet C 24 concentrations were greater than the bictegravir protein-adjusted 95% effective concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11798693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connor Volpi, Ruxton Adebiyi, John Chama, Uche Ononaku, Abayomi Aka, Andrew Mitchell, Ashley Shutt, Afoke Kokogho, Abdulwasiu B Tiamiyu, Stefan D Baral, Man Charurat, Sylvia Adebajo, Trevor A Crowell, Rebecca G Nowak
{"title":"Impact of Age of Sexual Debut on HIV Care Engagement Among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Nigeria.","authors":"Connor Volpi, Ruxton Adebiyi, John Chama, Uche Ononaku, Abayomi Aka, Andrew Mitchell, Ashley Shutt, Afoke Kokogho, Abdulwasiu B Tiamiyu, Stefan D Baral, Man Charurat, Sylvia Adebajo, Trevor A Crowell, Rebecca G Nowak","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003574","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) bear a high burden of HIV. The age of anal sexual debut may influence HIV care engagement. Our objective was to evaluate this relationship to help health care providers promote and anticipate future HIV care engagement among at-risk SGM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TRUST/RV368 study provided HIV testing and treatment at SGM-friendly clinics in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Self-reported age of sexual debut was dichotomized as <16 or ≥16 years. Multivariable logistic models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of sexual debut with (1) HIV testing history, (2) HIV testing at the clinics, (3) initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 6 months of a clinic diagnosis, and (4) viral suppression within 12 months of ART initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2680 participants, 30% (n = 805) reported a sexual debut <16 years. Those with an <16-year debut had significantly more receptive sex partners, condomless sex, and transactional sex (all P < 0.01) and were 24% less likely to have tested for HIV before enrollment (aOR: 0.76; CI: 0.62 to 0.93). However, <16-year debut was not associated with HIV testing, receiving ART, or achieving viral suppression once engaged with TRUST/RV368 (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGM with <16-year debut engaged in behaviors that could increase HIV risk and were less likely to have a history of HIV testing. However, once enrolled in SGM-friendly clinics, uptake of HIV care was not associated with <16-year debut, suggesting that SGM-friendly care models may promote HIV care engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Justin T Okano, Joan Ponce, Luckson Dullie, Sally Blower
{"title":"Modeling Travel Time to HIV Treatment in Malawi: Identifying Rural-Urban and Wealth Inequities.","authors":"Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Justin T Okano, Joan Ponce, Luckson Dullie, Sally Blower","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003539","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"e6-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Tassiopoulos, Betsey John, Anisa Khadraoui, Liz Salomon, Eduardo Vergara, H Dawn Fukuda, Suzanne M Siminski, Russell Van Dyke, Alfred DeMaria
{"title":"Brief Report: Transition Preparation and Post-Transition Evaluation Practices at Adult Clinics That Care for Young Adults With Perinatally Acquired HIV in Massachusetts, United States.","authors":"Katherine Tassiopoulos, Betsey John, Anisa Khadraoui, Liz Salomon, Eduardo Vergara, H Dawn Fukuda, Suzanne M Siminski, Russell Van Dyke, Alfred DeMaria","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003548","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most young adults with perinatal HIV (PHIV) transition from pediatric or adolescent to adult clinical care. Although guidelines to increase transition success have been recommended, we know little about uptake of these guidelines, particularly by adult care clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered web-based surveys to adult care providers of young adults with PHIV in Massachusetts to evaluate transition preparation and post-transition evaluation practices. We compared transition practices and HIV care continuum outcomes by clinic setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four providers submitted information on 23 adult care clinics. Ten were hospital-based and 13 were community-based clinics. Community-based clinics were more likely than hospital-based clinics to conduct pre-transition (33% vs. 10%) and post-transition (67% vs. 30%) evaluation of patients' readiness to self-manage health care, and to share health outcome information with the pediatric/adolescent care team (50% vs. 20%). Community-based clinics were also more likely to have personnel dedicated to the transition process and to facilitate communication between the patient and pediatric/adolescent care team. Engagement in care was similar for young adults with PHIV seen at community-based and hospital-based clinics (88.2% vs. 85.5%; P = 1.00), but retention in care (76.5% vs. 50.5%; P = 0.05) and viral suppression (88.2% vs. 65.1%; P = 0.08) were higher in community-based than in hospital-based clinics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Massachusetts, transition practices vary across adult clinics that care for young adults with PHIV. Recommended practices, and HIV care continuum outcomes, were more likely to be met at community-based clinics than hospital-based clinics. Community-based adult care may provide more comprehensive transition practices and serve as a model for hospital-based clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":"98 2","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on \"Prevalence and Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy Among People With HIV Across the United States\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003554","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"e11-e12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Matthew A Spinelli, Katerina A Christopoulos","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003558","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":"98 2","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babafemi O Taiwo, Lisa M Kuhns, Oche Agbaji, Agatha David, Sulaimon Akanmu, Akinyinka Akinbami, Olayinka Omigbodun, Folashade Adekanmbi, Esther Yiltok, Priscilla Ezemelue, Patricia Akintan, Olujimi Sodipo, Olutosin Awolude, Kehinde Kuti, Gbenayon Mautin, Titilope Badru, Marbella Cervantes, Patrick Janulis, Ogochuckwu Okonkwor, Baiba Berzins, Robert Garofalo
{"title":"A Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized, Multisite Study of Text Messaging Plus Peer Navigation to Improve Adherence and Viral Suppression Among Youth on Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Babafemi O Taiwo, Lisa M Kuhns, Oche Agbaji, Agatha David, Sulaimon Akanmu, Akinyinka Akinbami, Olayinka Omigbodun, Folashade Adekanmbi, Esther Yiltok, Priscilla Ezemelue, Patricia Akintan, Olujimi Sodipo, Olutosin Awolude, Kehinde Kuti, Gbenayon Mautin, Titilope Badru, Marbella Cervantes, Patrick Janulis, Ogochuckwu Okonkwor, Baiba Berzins, Robert Garofalo","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003549","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To address the need for improved virologic suppression among youth living with HIV (YLH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART), we evaluated peer navigation plus TXTXT daily text message ART reminders.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>YLH aged 15-24 years on ART for at least 3 months at 6 research sites in 4 Nigerian cities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a stepped-wedge design, cluster 1 was nonrandomized, whereas clusters 2 and 3 were randomized to sequences of routine care (control period) and 48 weeks of the combination intervention (intervention period). The primary end point was viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL) at week 48 of the intervention. Secondary end points included adherence measured by self-report ( 90% considered adherent). Post hoc analysis assessed virologic control at <50 copies per milliliter and <1000 copies per milliliter. Generalized estimating equations determined the difference between intervention and control periods in the intention-to-treat population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 558 YLH and followed 541 over time, mean age 18 years, 53.8% female, 71.7% perinatally infected, and 38.6% virologically nonsuppressed at enrollment. For the primary end point, the intervention periods displayed a small, nonsignificant increase in viral suppression < 200 copies per milliliter [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16 (0.88-1.54), P = 0.297]. There was a significant effect of the combination intervention on virologic control <1000 copies per milliliter (OR = 1.42 [1.03-1.94], P = 0.030). Self-reported adherence also improved (OR = 2.07 [1.46-2.95], P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peer navigation plus daily text message ART reminders demonstrated limited benefit among ART-experienced, predominantly perinatally infected YLH, with no significant effect on viral suppression below 200 copies per milliliter despite improvement in self-reported adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krishna Kiran Kota, Samuel Eppink, Zanetta Gant Sumner, Harrell Chesson, Donna Hubbard McCree
{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in HIV Diagnosis Rates by Social Determinants of Health at the Census Tract Level Among Adults in the United States and Puerto Rico, 2021.","authors":"Krishna Kiran Kota, Samuel Eppink, Zanetta Gant Sumner, Harrell Chesson, Donna Hubbard McCree","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003541","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We compared racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnosis rates among adults in census tracts with the most disadvantaged vs. the most advantaged levels of social determinants of health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecologic analysis, we used the National HIV Surveillance System data from 2021 and social determinants of health data from 2017-2021 American Community Survey. We measured racial and ethnic disparities stratified by sex in the most disadvantaged quartiles and advantaged quartiles for (1) poverty, (2) education level, (3) median household income, and (4) insurance coverage. We calculated 8 relative disparity measures [Black-to-White rate ratio, Hispanic/Latino-to-White rate ratio, index of disparity (ID), population-weighted ID, mean log deviation, Theil index, population attributable proportion, Gini coefficient] and 4 absolute disparity measures (Black-to-White rate difference, Hispanic/Latino-to-White rate difference, absolute ID, and population-weighted absolute ID).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the most disadvantaged quartiles with the most advantaged quartiles, all 4 absolute disparity measures decreased, but 7 of the 8 relative disparity measures increased: the median percentage decreases in the absolute measures for men and women, respectively, were 38.1% and 47.6% for poverty, 12.4% and 42.6% for education level, 43.6% and 44.0% for median household income, and 44.2% and 45.4% for insurance coverage. The median percentage increases in the relative measures for men and women, respectively, were 44.3% and 61.3% for poverty, 54.9% and 95.3% for education level, 19.6% and 90.0% for median household income, and 32.8% and 46.4% for insurance coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial and ethnic disparities in the most disadvantaged and the most advantaged quartiles highlight the need for strategies addressing the root causes of disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}