JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes最新文献

{"title":"Acceptability of Long-Acting Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine in a Large, Urban, Ambulatory HIV Clinic.","authors":"Casey Morgan Luc, Blake Max, Sarah Pérez, Kara Herrera, Gregory Huhn, Mark S Dworkin","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000003500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outside of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), there are limited data regarding the acceptability of injectable long-acting cabotegravir + rilpivirine (LA-CAB+RPV) among persons living with HIV (PLWH). To evaluate acceptability, we describe participant-reported outcomes (PRO) of LA-CAB+RPV among a population underrepresented in RCTs.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Ruth M. Rothstein Core Center (CORE), large urban HIV clinic in Chicago, Illinois, USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We interviewed PLWH prescribed LA-CAB+RPV who receive primary care at CORE. PRO endpoints included treatment satisfaction, tolerability of injections, reasons for switching to LA-CAB+RPV, and unexpected effects of LA-CAB+RPV. Mean and standard deviations (mean±SD) and proportions (%) are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among respondents (N=150), 67% identified as Non-Hispanic Black, 24% Hispanic, 56% male; the average age was 43 years (SD:13.2), and 37% were ≥50 years old. Most respondents (93%) completed ≥3 injection appointments at the time of interview. The most common reasons for switching to LA-CAB+RPV were no longer wanting to take pills (89%) and trouble taking their pills daily (58%). Treatment satisfaction was high (6.7±0.5 out of 7). Two-thirds (61%) reported an unexpected aspect of their life improved. Pain from injections was common (98%), with a mean pain score of 4.3 out of 10. Among those reporting pain, half (47%) reported pain decreased after initial injection. Among participants reporting pain score >6 (n=36), most (78%) reported no improvement since initial injection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found high treatment satisfaction with LA-CAB+RPV in a diverse population. Participants reported moderate injection pain, which improved with time. Results suggest injectable LA-CAB+RPV will be met with acceptability across diverse participant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Sleep Deficiency With Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With or at High Risk of Acquiring HIV.","authors":"Allison D Rosen, Marjan Javanbakht, Steven J Shoptaw, Marissa J Seamans, Pamina M Gorbach","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003444","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Associations of sleep deficiency and methamphetamine use with sexual health and HIV treatment outcomes are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A longitudinal cohort of men who have sex with men at risk for or living with HIV (the mSTUDY) was analyzed. This analysis included 1445 study visits among 382 participants. Data were collected from June 2018 to February 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semiannual study visits included self-interviews for sleep deficiency, sexual behaviors, substance use, and HIV treatment. Sleep deficiency was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Participants provided specimens for HIV viral load and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis). Associations between sleep deficiency and STI/HIV outcomes were estimated using multiple logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across visits, the prevalence of sleep deficiency was 56%, with 33% reporting methamphetamine use and 55% living with HIV. Sleep deficiency was associated with reporting at least 1 new anal sex partner (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21 to 2.15), exchange sex (aOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.15 to 6.39), sex party attendance (aOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.68 to 4.04), and missing HIV medications (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.14). The association between sleep deficiency and exchange sex differed for participants who did and did not report the use of methamphetamine (P = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep deficiency was associated with sexual health and HIV treatment behaviors after accounting for methamphetamine use. Sleep health should be considered in STI/HIV prevention, particularly for those who use methamphetamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":"96 4","pages":"326-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11207189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of PrEPTECH: Findings From a 180-Day Randomized Controlled Trial of a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Telehealth Intervention: Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003451","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the Sukuma Ndoda (\"Stand up, Man\") HIV Self-Screening and Assisted Linkage to Care Project in Johannesburg: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Evaluation.","authors":"Sheri A Lippman, Jessica S Grignon, Boitumelo Ditshwane, Rebecca L West, Hailey J Gilmore, Sipho Mazibuko, Livhuwani G Mongwe, Torsten B Neilands, Sarah A Gutin, Cara O'Connor, Maideline A Santana, Mohammed Majam","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003442","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV testing rates among South African men lag behind rates for women and national targets. Community-based HIV self-screening (HIVSS) distribution and follow-up by community health workers (CHWs) is a scalable option to increase testing coverage, diagnosis, and treatment initiation. We provided HIVSS and assisted linkage to care to men not recently tested (within the past 12 months) residing in high-HIV-burden areas of Johannesburg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CHWs distributed HIVSS in 6 clinic catchment areas. Follow-up to encourage confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation was conducted through personal support (PS) or an automated short message service (SMS) follow-up and linkage system in 3 clinic areas each. Using a quasi-experimental pre-post design, we compared differences in the proportion of men testing in the clinic catchment areas during the HIVSS campaign (June-August 2019) to the 3 months prior (March-May 2019) and compared treatment initiations by assisted linkage strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4793 participants accepting HIVSS, 62% had never tested. Among 3993 participants with follow-up data, 90.6% reported using their HIVSS kit. Testing coverage among men increased by 156%, from under 4% when only clinic-based HIV testing services were available to 9.5% when HIVSS and HIV testing services were available (z = -11.6; P < 0.01). Reported test use was higher for men followed through PS (99% vs. 68% in SMS); however, significantly more men reported reactive self-test results in the SMS group compared with PS (6.4% vs. 2.0%), resulting in more antiretroviral therapy initiations in the SMS group compared with PS (23 vs. 9; P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CHW HIVSS distribution significantly increases testing among men. While PS enabled personalized follow-up, reporting differences indicate SMS is more acceptable and better aligned with expectations of privacy associated with HIVSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":"96 4","pages":"367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing HIV drug resistance in cases of vertical transmission in the VESTED randomized antiretroviral treatment trial.","authors":"Marley D Bishop, Violet Korutaro, Ceejay L Boyce, Ingrid A Beck, Sheila M Styrchak, Kevin Knowles, Lauren Ziemba, Sean S Brummel, Anne Coletti, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Nahida Chakhtoura, Tichaona Vhembo, Haseena Cassim, Maxensia Owor, Lee Fairlie, Sikhulile Moyo, Lameck Chinula, Shahin Lockman, Lisa M Frenkel","doi":"10.1097/qai.0000000000003435","DOIUrl":"10.1097/qai.0000000000003435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>VESTED (NCT03048422) compared the safety and efficacy of three antiretroviral treatment (<b>ART</b>) regimens in pregnant and postpartum women: dolutegravir+emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate; dolutegravir+emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (<b>TDF</b>); efavirenz/emtricitabine/TDF. Vertical HIV transmission (<b>VT</b>) occurred to 4/617 (0.60%) live-born infants, who were evaluated for HIV drug resistance (<b>HIVDR</b>) and other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>In 2018-2020, pregnant (weeks-14-28) women living with HIV and ≤14 days of ART were enrolled at 22 international sites and followed with their infants through 50 weeks postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HIV sequences derived by single genome amplification (<b>SGA</b>) from longitudinally collected specimens were assessed from VT Cases for HIVDR in protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and the <i>nef</i> 3'polypurine tract (<b>3'PPT</b>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four Case mothers were prescribed efavirenz-based-ART for 1-7 days prior to randomization to study ART. Their infants received postnatal nevirapine+/-zidovudine prophylaxis and were breastfed. A total of 833 SGA sequences were derived. The \"major\" (Stanford HIVDR Score ≥60) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (<b>NNRTI</b>) mutation (K103N) was detected persistently in one viremic mother, and likely contributed to VT of HIVDR. Major NNRTI HIVDR mutations were detected in all three surviving infants. No integrase, nor high frequencies of 3'PPT mutations conferring dolutegravir HIVDR were detected. The timing of HIV infant diagnosis, plasma HIV RNA levels and HIVDR suggests one <i>in utero</i>, one peripartum, one early, and one late breastfeeding transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VT was rare. New-onset NNRTI HIVDR in Case mothers was likely from efavirenz-ART prescribed prior to study dolutegravir-ART, and in one case appeared transmitted to the infant despite nevirapine prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":"96 4","pages":"385-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True and false positive HIV point of care test results in a prospective multinational study of at-risk African women: implications for large-scale repeat HIV testing in HIV prevention programs.","authors":"Susan Morrison, Joanne Batting, Valentine Wanga, Ivana Beesham, Jennifer Deese, G Justus Hofmeyr, Margaret P Kasaro, Cheryl Louw, Charles Morrison, Nelly R Mugo, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Melanie Pleaner, Krishnaveni Reddy, Caitlin W Scoville, Jenni Smit, Jeffrey S A Stringer, Khatija Ahmed, Elizabeth Bukusi, Philip Kotze, Jared M Baeten","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003497","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate HIV point of care testing is the cornerstone of prevention and treatment efforts globally, though false (both negative and positive) results are expected to occur.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>We assessed the spectrum of true and false positive HIV results in a large prospective study of HIV incidence in African women using three contraceptive methods tested longitudinally in Eswatini, Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HIV serologic testing was conducted quarterly using two parallel rapid HIV tests. When one or both tests were positive, additional confirmatory testing was conducted, including HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7730 women contributed 48,234 visits: true positive results occurred at 412 visits (0.9%) and false positives at 96 visits (0.2%). Of 412 women with HIV seroconversion, 10 had discordant (i.e., one negative and one positive) rapid tests and 13 had undetectable HIV RNA levels. Of 62 women with false positive rapid HIV results, most had discordant rapid testing but six (9.7%) had dually-positive rapid results and four (6.5%) had false positive or indeterminate EIA results. The positive predictive value of dual positive rapid results was 98.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the majority of rapid test results were accurate, false positive results were expected and occurred in this population of initially HIV seronegative individuals tested repeatedly and prospectively. When HIV infection occurred, not all cases had textbook laboratory results. Our findings highlight the importance of confirmatory testing, particularly for individuals undergoing repeat testing and in settings where the point prevalence is expected to be low.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising HIV acquisition risk, treatment gaps and populations reached through venue-based outreach and clinical services in Blantyre, Malawi: findings from a district-wide CLOVE Study.","authors":"Emmanuel Singogo, Sharon S Weir, Evaristar Kudowa, Maganizo Chagomerana, John Chapola, Jessie K Edwards, Confidence Banda, Gift Kawalazira, Yohane Kamgwira, Andreas Jahn, Sarah Bourdin, Thomas Hartney, Lucy Platt, Brian Rice, James R Hargreaves, Mina C Hosseinipour","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003493","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2017, Blantyre district had the highest adult HIV prevalence in Malawi (17.7%) and lowest viral suppression (60%). In response, the Ministry of Health expanded prevention and treatment services. We assessed whether outreach to social venues could identify individuals with increased HIV acquisition risk or with unsuppressed HIV not currently reached by clinic-based services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey in Blantyre, Malawi, from January to March 2022. We visited social venues where people meet new sexual partners and government clinics providing HIV testing or STI screening. Participants aged > 15 years were interviewed, and tested for HIV infection if not on ART. HIV recency tests were performed on those testing positive, and dried blood spots (DBS) was collected to quantify viral load and also to identify acute infection in those with HIV- results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIV prevalence (18.5% vs 8.3%) and unsuppressed HIV infection (3.9% vs 1.7%) were higher among venue-recruited (n=1802) compared with clinic-recruited participants(n=2313). Among PLHIV at both clinics (n=199) and venues (n=289), 79% were virally suppressed. Few had acute(n=1) or recent infection(n=8). Among women, HIV prevalence was four times higher (38.9% venue vs 8.9% clinic). At clinics, PLHIV reporting visiting venues were less likely to be suppressed (54.6 vs 82.6%). More men at venues than at clinics reported paying for sex (49% vs 30%) or having multiple sex partners in the past 4 weeks (32% vs 16%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhanced venue-based prevention and testing for men and women could reduce treatment lapses, HIV treatment outcomes and reduce onward transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Economic Incentives to Support HIV Care: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda.","authors":"Sebastian Linnemayr, Zachary Wagner, Uzaib Y Saya, Chad Stecher, Lillian Lunkuse, Peter Wabukala, Mary Odiit, Barbara Mukasa","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003420","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study tests behavioral economics incentives to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), with 1 approach being low cost.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three hundred twenty-nine adults at Mildmay Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, on ART for at least 2 years and showing adherence problems received the intervention for about 15 months until the study was interrupted by a nation-wide COVID-19 lockdown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomized participants into 1 of 3 (1:1:1) groups: usual care (\"control\" group; n = 109) or 1 of 2 intervention groups where eligibility for nonmonetary prizes was based on showing at least 90% electronically measured ART adherence (\"adherence-linked\" group, n = 111) or keeping clinic appointments as scheduled (\"clinic-linked\"; n = 109). After 12 months, participants could win a larger prize for consistently high adherence or viral suppression. Primary outcomes were mean adherence and viral suppression. Analysis was by intention-to-treat using linear regression. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03494777 .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither incentive arm increased adherence compared with the control; we estimate a 3.9 percentage point increase in \"adherence-linked\" arm [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.70 to 8.60 ( P = 0.10)] and 0.024 in the \"clinic-linked\" arm [95% CI: -0.02 to 0.07 ( P = 0.28)]. For the prespecified subgroup of those with initial low adherence, incentives increased adherence by 7.60 percentage points (95% CI: 0.01, 0.15; P = 0.04, \"adherence-linked\") and 5.60 percentage points (95% CI: -0.01, 0.12; P = 0.10, \"clinic-linked\"). We find no effects on clinic attendance or viral suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incentives did not improve viral suppression or ART adherence overall but worked for the prespecified subgroup of those with initial low adherence. More effectively identifying those in need of adherence support will allow better targeting of this and other incentive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Intraocular Efavirenz Concentrations and HIV-1 Viral Load Among Persons With HIV.","authors":"Pei Zhang, Yiwen Qian, Luoziyi Wang, Jinshan Suo, Lin Yin, Yuceng Wang, Lijun Zhang, Zhiliang Wang","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003426","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Efavirenz (EFV) is commonly used in combination antiretroviral therapy. However, in our previous study, many persons living with HIV exhibited ocular complications despite undergoing effective combination antiretroviral therapy. Here, we aimed to determine the intraocular EFV concentrations in the vitreous and analyze the factors affecting viral load in the vitreous in patients with HIV-associated retinopathies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational, retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen patients receiving EFV in combination with an antiretroviral therapy who underwent pars plana vitrectomy were enrolled between January 2019 and August 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on presence or absence of retinal detachment (RD). Patient characteristics and HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma and vitreous were recorded during pars plana vitrectomy. Paired blood plasma and vitreous samples were obtained for EFV concentration analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the enrolled patients was 48 years (interquartile range, 32.25-53.25), including 12 men and 2 women. Median vitreous and plasma EFV concentrations were 141.5 (interquartile range, 69.63-323.75) and 2620 ng/mL (1680-4207.5), respectively. Median ratio of vitreous/plasma EFV concentrations in the paired samples among all participants was 0.053 (0.018-0.118). Median vitreous/plasma EFV concentrations significantly differed between the non-RD and RD groups (0.04 vs 0.12, P = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The vitreous EFV concentrations were insufficient to inhibit viral replication in intraocular tissues, which may be because of poor penetration of the blood-retinal barrier. High vitreous EFV concentrations were associated with RD, indicating a correlation between the EFV concentration and the severity of blood-retinal barrier disruption. It implied that EFV was not a suitable antiviral drug to inhibit HIV-1 replication in ocular tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"299-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"If It Weren't for This, We'd Be Sick\"-Perspectives From Participants of a Couple-Based HIV Treatment and Support Program During Prenatal and Postpartum Periods in Zambézia Province, Mozambique.","authors":"Hannah L Brooks, Erin Graves, Caroline De Schacht, Almiro Emílio, Ariano Matino, Arifo Aboobacar, Carolyn M Audet","doi":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003351","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAI.0000000000003351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engagement in HIV care and treatment services during pregnancy is key to eliminating vertical transmission. One barrier to retention of pregnant and lactating women is insufficient support from male partners. Reframing HIV services as couple-based may increase adherence among men and women. As part of a cluster randomized trial evaluating an intervention offering seroconcordant couples living with HIV joint follow-up in HIV services and sessions with a health counselor and couple peer educators, we assessed participants' perspectives and experiences regarding the intervention.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Zambézia Province is a rural, low-income, and medically underserved region of central Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semistructured interviews with a subset of participants enrolled in the intervention arm. The objectives were to explore participants' (1) experiences with couples-based HIV care and the educational/support sessions; (2) perceived impacts of the intervention; and (3) suggestions for intervention improvement. Interviews conducted by experienced interviewers were audio-recorded, transcribed, and deductively coded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four participants were interviewed. Participants described the counselor and the peer educators as trustworthy and the sessions as improving their HIV-related knowledge. Receiving joint HIV services was convenient and motivated some participants to remain adherent to care. Participants provided few suggestions to improve the intervention, although a few female participants did state that they wished their male partners had participated more readily in the joint sessions and medication pick-ups at the health facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants described positive experiences with and perceived benefits from the intervention, making this intervention acceptable within the local context.</p>","PeriodicalId":14588,"journal":{"name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","volume":" ","pages":"304-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}