IO: Productivity最新文献

{"title":"Clustering Effects on Firm R&D, Exporting and Productivity in China","authors":"Anthony Howell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3608754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3608754","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of regional clustering on the linkages among R&amp;D, exporting and productivity of Chinese firms. A structural framework is employed using a set of recursive equations that is capable of correcting for most estimation issues related to selection and endogeneity. The main findings reveal that regional clustering brings about relatively trivial direct benefits to exporters after taking into account important sources of firm heterogeneity. Rather, the main benefits of clustering on exporting appear to arise indirectly through investments in innovation and productivity. The main implication of the findings suggests that a better endowed geographical area improves international competitiveness mainly by enhancing the super-additive effects of investments in technology on productivity, which in turn, enhances exporting performance.<br>","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"14 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Constituency Statutes Really Benefit Customers?","authors":"Po-Hsuan Hsu, Hsiao-Hui Lee, Qingyu Meng, Hong Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3622817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3622817","url":null,"abstract":"Although constituency statutes were enacted in 35 U.S. states from 1984 to 2016 to protect the interests of employees, customers, and suppliers, research has yet to empirically verify whether customers actually benefit from such laws. A game theory model suggests that product quality improves when companies internalize employees’ and suppliers’ interests. Our empirical evidence shows that constituency statute adoption is associated with significantly fewer product recalls, a relation that is more pronounced among firms with weaker and less stable relationships with both employees and supply chain partners. We also find that such laws are associated with higher product ratings from customers and better employee treatment.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84270347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Access, Consumer Interests and Social Welfare: An Economic Perspective","authors":"B. Martens","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3605383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3605383","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the economics of data markets and links this to market power in online platforms. It describes the basic economic characteristics of data and explores data-driven market failures, including monopolistic markets, externalities, information asymmetries and missing markets. It distinguishes between economies of scope in data re-use and in data aggregation. Re-use favours wider access to data while aggregation favours data concentration in large pools. Data-driven network effects in platforms may add new market failures. The social externality value of data implies that neither exclusive private rights nor data commons are an optimal governance regime. Digital platforms offer an intermediary governance regime that captures and monetises part of the positive data externalities through economies of scale and scope in data aggregation. Individual users cannot achieve these benefits on their own. However, data-driven network effects reinforce the monopolistic market position of platforms and can reduce welfare. Policy interventions need to carefully balance between these two poles. They could target negative externalities from data aggregation, asymmetric information between platforms and users, including self-referencing, and “newly missing” markets. The paper concludes with some topics that merit further discussion, including data access and innovation, the role of data in platform ecosystems and the dichotomy between consumer and social welfare benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83077727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Трудът през ХХI век. Нови умения и нови форми на заетост (Труд в 21 веке. Новые навыки и новые формы занятости) (Labor in the 21St Century. New Skills and New Forms of Employment)","authors":"Evgeniya Vasileva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3766222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3766222","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Bulgarian Abstract:</b> Резюме<br>Извън прякото създаване на работни места в икономика на алгоритми и технологии, е важно дали автоматизиацията води до възникването на нови типове работа и как се променя трудът и условията на труд. Процесите на остаряване и изчезване на професии са разпознаваеми, но никой все още няма идея, какви ще бъдат новите професии на тяхно място. Всичко е въпрос на въображение без все още да има ясна концепция. Новите форми на заетост, които вече са част от пазара на труда по същността си не са нито нови професии, нито нови умения, но посредством техния анализ, могат да се очертаят определени възможности и рискове. Целта на доклада е именно да анализират силните и слабите страни на появяващите се нови форми на заетост в икономиката на дигиталните технологии и на алгоритмите. Първо, ще бъде анализиран потенциала за автоматизирането на всяка трудова дейност чрез алгоритми и потенциалните ефекти за труда, обществото и личността от това. Второ, ще се представят тенденциите за възникване на нови професии, новите трудови умения и образованието, свързано с тях. Трето, ще бъдат анализирани в сравнителен план няколко нови форми на заетост – споделяне на служители, споделяне на длъжности, непостоянна заетост, заетост чрез онлайн платформа и работа с повече възложители. Накрая, ще се очертаят някои обобщения за това, какви са възможностите и предизвикателствата пред труда на ХХI век.<br><br><b>Russian Abstract:</b> Аннотация<br>Помимо прямого создания рабочих мест в экономике, основанной на алгоритмах и технологиях, важно, приводит ли автоматизация к новым типам рабочих мест и как меняются условия труда и труда. Процессы старения и исчезновения профессий узнаваемы, но нет однозначных доказательств того, что новые профессии будут на их месте. Все дело в воображении без четкой концепции. Новые формы занятости, которые уже являются частью рынка труда, не являются ни новыми профессиями, ни новыми навыками, но их анализ позволяет выявить определенные возможности и риски. Целью отчета является анализ сильных и слабых сторон возникающих новых форм занятости в цифровой экономике и алгоритмах. Во-первых, будет проанализирован потенциал автоматизации с помощью алгоритмов каждой рабочей деятельности и потенциальные последствия этого для работы, общества и личности. Во-вторых, будут представлены тенденции появления новых профессий, новых профессиональных навыков и соответствующего образования. В-третьих, несколько новых форм занятости будут проанализированы в сравнительном плане - разделение сотрудников, разделение работы, случайная работа, коллективная занятость и портфельная работа. Наконец, будут сделаны некоторые выводы относительно возможностей и проблем работы 21 века.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Beyond direct job creation in an algorithm and technology economy, it is important whether automation leads to new types of jobs and how the labor and working conditions change. The processes of aging and the disappearance of professions ar","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72620583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Factor Taxation in a Scale Free Model of Vertical Innovation","authors":"Barbara Annicchiarico, Valentina Antonaroli, Alessandra Pelloni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3600116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3600116","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to study how the tax burden arising from an exogenous stream of public expenditures and transfers should be distributed between labor and capital in a scale-less endogenous growth model, where the engine of growth are successful innovations. Our laboratory is a prototypical quality ladder model with a labor/leisure choice where R&D productivity is decreasing in the size of the economy. This decreasing productivity removes scale effects, which are a controversial prediction of first-generation endogenous growth models. Our contribution is to show that even when labor supply has no effects on growth in the long run, it will still be optimal to tax capital, for reasonable parametrizations of the model. This is true even if the long-run growth rate decreases, with respect to the initial situation in which capital income is not taxed.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72697586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of ICT on Service Trade","authors":"T. Luong, ThuyUyen H. Nguyen","doi":"10.1142/s021759082049003x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021759082049003x","url":null,"abstract":"While trade in goods has been investigated extensively over decades, studies on trade in services are relatively new. In this paper we investigate the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on trade in services . We measured ICT by four dimensions, including the subscriptions to broadband, fixed telephones, mobile phones and Internet. Our sample covered more than 200 countries, from 2005 to 2015. We employed the modified gravity model and found that all four dimensions had significant impacts on the expansion trade in services, but mobile subscriptions is the most consistent dimension. Finally the effects of ICT in exporting and importing countries are similar.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88284543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Разработка и апробация методов личностно-профессиональной диагностики с использованием цифровых технологий (Development and Testing of Methods of Personal and Professional Diagnostics Using Digital Technologies)","authors":"Y. Sinyagin, Ainur Mudarisov, K. Lytkina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3692357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3692357","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Актуальность исследования определяется глобальными тенденциями цифровизации большого числа основополагающих процессов в самых различных сферах человеческой деятельности, а также необходимостью внедрения современных технологий в сферу личностно-профессиональной диагностики в целях реализации стратегически грамотной и эффективной кадровой политики. В рамках работы проанализирован мировой и отечественный опыт применения цифровых продуктов и технологий в сфере подбора и оценки кадров, иных областях психологической науки.<br><br>Ключевым результатом работы авторского коллектива стала разработка и апробация новыого инструментария диагностики личностно-профессиональных качеств и управленческого потенциала в формате цифровых технологий для персональных мобильных устройств. Доказано, что активное использование мобильных цифровых технологий позволяет решить ряд принципиально важных задач, связанных с существенным сокращением времени прохождения процедуры диагностики и оценки, а также сроков обработки результатов, грамотным распределением имеющихся ресурсов, снижением негативного влияния человеческого фактора, повышением доступности и удобства таких процедур.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The relevance of the study is determined by global trends in digitalization of a large number of fundamental processes in various fields of human activity, as well as the need to introduce modern technologies in the field of personal and professional diagnostics in order to implement a strategically competent and effective personnel policy. As part of the work, the world and domestic experience of the use of digital products and technologies in the selection and assessment of personnel, and other areas of psychological science, are analyzed.<br><br>A key result of the work of the team of authors was the development and testing of new tools for diagnosing personal and professional qualities and managerial potential in the format of digital technologies for personal mobile devices. It has been proved that the active use of mobile digital technologies allows us to solve a number of fundamentally important tasks related to a significant reduction in the time required to complete the diagnostic and evaluation procedures, as well as the timing of processing the results, the competent distribution of available resources, the reduction of the negative impact of the human factor, and the increased availability and convenience of such procedures.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80717764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millennials Acceptance of Insurance Telematics: An Integrative Empirical Study","authors":"Xiaoguang Tian, V. Prybutok, Fouad H. Mirzaei, Catalin C. Dinulescu","doi":"10.37625/abr.23.1.156-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.23.1.156-181","url":null,"abstract":"Insurance telematics is a recent technology-enabled service innovation advanced by insurance companies and adopted by millions of drivers worldwide. This research study explores the insurance telematics technology acceptance and use among the new Millennials generation, which represents both a challenge and an opportunity for insurers. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study uses data from 138 Millennials in the USA to delve into their perceived attitudinal behavior and intention to use insurance telematics. The findings provide empirical confirmation of the integrative and predictive power of the proposed combined theoretical framework (TAM-TPB) to explain insurance telematics adoption and use. The results also suggest a sophistication-level shift in Millennials preferences from functionality evaluation to applicability value sought through the adoption and use. And the findings ascertain the role of perceived enjoyment, trust, and social media as critical factors influencing Millennials attitudinal behavior and intention to use insurance telematics. Considering these results, the authors further discuss implications for scholars and practitioners, and suggest future research directions.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74875375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowd Arbitration: Blockchain Dispute Resolution","authors":"A. Gudkov","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.59.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.59.77","url":null,"abstract":"Internet technology makes digital value transactions between anonymous individuals possible, but leaves unanswered the question of how to resolve disputes between unidentified parties. Blockchain dispute resolution platforms provide a response to this problem. In the social dispute resolution systems for blockchain currently in use, pseudo anonymous jurors can resolve disputes between pseudo anonymous parties. This paper presents Kleros as the most illustrative blockchain dispute resolution platform BDRP. To describe the features of the Kleros dispute resolution platform and the qualification of jurors, this research employs an online dispute resolution survey of both the jurors and stakeholders of the Kleros platform. This study raises important questions about key elements of procedural justice in resolution platforms for blockchain disputes. The research underlines the pros and cons of dispute resolution for crowdsourced blockchain and contributes to the further development of online dispute resolution systems. It tests the wisdom of the crowd as the core attribute of the resolution process in crowdsource disputes. Crowdsource mass dispute resolution, coupled with cooperative jurors and blockchain technology, could ensure greater effectiveness and fairness of the dispute resolution process, especially the adjudication of online small claims disputes.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90172778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideas-Driven Endogenous Growth and Standard-Essential Patents","authors":"A. Khairullina, A. Kirilenko, A. Neklyudov, Christopher L. Tucci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3589892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3589892","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the impact of standard-essential status for patents on production possibilities of the economy and long-term growth. As we show, the innovators’ risk of losing the standard-setting game ex-ante attenuates the anticipation of a larger market share. Moreover, when the discovery rate of new technologies is smaller than the discounting rate of the monopoly profits, standards and standard- essential patents tend to be growth-reducing, despite a conjectured positive contribution of standards to the marginal productivity of human capital. Market failures associated with patent abuse have been treated historically by various measures ranging from compulsory licensing to imposing reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) pricing on essential technologies. We show that mandated compulsory licensing has a negative impact on long-term growth, while a voluntary FRAND pricing together with faster rates of follow-up innovations may be growth-enhancing.","PeriodicalId":14586,"journal":{"name":"IO: Productivity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73463873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}