Inventions最新文献_第3页

Mini-Kilns for Charcoal-Making: An Eco-Friendly Solution for Small-Scale Production of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar 用于制炭的迷你窑炉：小规模生产木炭和木醋的环保解决方案

IF 3.4

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060146

Felipe Bento de Albuquerque, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Edgley Alves de Oliveira Paula, M. V. Scatolino, Fernando Rusch

{"title":"Mini-Kilns for Charcoal-Making: An Eco-Friendly Solution for Small-Scale Production of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar","authors":"Felipe Bento de Albuquerque, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Edgley Alves de Oliveira Paula, M. V. Scatolino, Fernando Rusch","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060146","url":null,"abstract":"Charcoal is one of the most essential energy sources in the world and is used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes. Brazilian charcoal production occurs in rudimentary masonry kilns without concern for process safety or energy waste. This work aimed to develop a mini carbonization system of three kilns coupled to a vertical smoke burner for optimized and environmentally correct charcoal and wood vinegar (WV) production on small farms. The project was divided into three parts for dimensioning: the three-kiln set, the WV condensing device, and the smoke burner. The condenser was designed following the procedures from the standards of TEMA (Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association); ASME (Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States) Section VIII, Division 1; and the NR-13 (Regulatory Standard) of ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). In contrast to the current scenario, in which primitive carbonization technologies are still employed, bringing about low charcoal yields and significant pollution release, the use of a mini-kiln that allows charcoal production and wood vinegar recovery combined with pollutant smoke burning is an interesting eco-friendly solution. Thus, the mini-kiln model presented here brings a low cost and environmental safety to the charcoal production chain, reaching sustainability parameters and offering higher income opportunities to small producers.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"93 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation of a Micro Turbojet Engine Chevrons Nozzle by Means of the Schlieren Technique 微型涡喷发动机涡形喷管纹影技术的实验研究

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060145

Grigore Cican, Mihnea Gall, Alina Bogoi, Marius Deaconu, Daniel Eugeniu Crunțeanu

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of a Micro Turbojet Engine Chevrons Nozzle by Means of the Schlieren Technique","authors":"Grigore Cican, Mihnea Gall, Alina Bogoi, Marius Deaconu, Daniel Eugeniu Crunțeanu","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060145","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with subsonic jet noise production, especially regarding the hot jet from a micro turbojet engine, we encountered a lack of recent high-resolution data in the literature describing the flow field using experimental validation through optical diagnoses. The objective of this paper is to examine and compare the influence on shear layers of the exhaust plug nozzle of a micro turbojet engine with and without chevrons mounted, using a high-speed camera used in Schlieren-type optical system diagnosis. Three different operating regimes are examined for both the baseline configuration and the configuration with 16 triangular-shaped chevrons. In conjunction with the image captures, the sound pressure level was recorded with the help of a microphone placed perpendicular to the flow, 0.4 m from the exhaust of the nozzle which was further processed. In quantitative terms, we found that the OASPL decreases by more than 1% when the engine is operating at higher regimes. Moreover, we found that the average exhaust jet angle, which is a measure of the quality of the fluid mixing layer is increased by 5% with respect to the baseline nozzle. By using the “darkest pixel” technique in Schlieren imaging, we can verify experimentally, for all working regimes, the theory that asserts that subsonic jet noise is a consequence of fine-scale homogeneous turbulence. Additionally, the potential novelty lies in the specific observations related to consistent dispersion of fine-scale eddies and how the presence of chevrons amplifies this uniformity within the turbulent field.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"77 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Autoclave Reactors to Improve Bearing Life Using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface Methodology 利用田口法和响应面法优化高压釜反应器以提高轴承寿命

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060144

Farghani Fariz, Brijesh Patel, Hsien-Cheng Chiu, Shih-Jie Pan, Cheng-Liang Chen, Hao-Yeh Lee, Po Ting Lin

{"title":"Optimization of Autoclave Reactors to Improve Bearing Life Using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Farghani Fariz, Brijesh Patel, Hsien-Cheng Chiu, Shih-Jie Pan, Cheng-Liang Chen, Hao-Yeh Lee, Po Ting Lin","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060144","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pervasiveness in daily life has increased in tandem with population growth. Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) is emerging as a popular compound for manufacturing plastic, which is obtained from ethylene and vinyl acetate synthesis. EVA is produced using autoclave reactors, which often encounter bearing damage under specific operating conditions. This research aims to optimize the parameters in autoclave reactors to enhance bearing life. The study focuses on two crucial factors: the number of impellers and the temperature, with bearing life as the response variable. Simulations using finite-element analysis were conducted to obtain the fatigue life of bearings and validated using real-time company data stating the damage of bearings within 80 days. The optimization process employed the Taguchi method (TM) and the response surface methodology (RSM). A comparison of these techniques revealed that temperature had the most significant influence on the response. Interestingly, both methods yielded the same optimal parameters: seven impellers and a temperature of 150 °C. The simulation results using these optimized parameters demonstrated a noteworthy 3.095% increase in bearing life compared to the initial design. The RSM outperformed the Taguchi method in accurately predicting response values with minimum prediction error under optimal conditions.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"124 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of Lakes for Extracting Renewable Energy—A Case Study of Brates Lake in the South-East of Europe 湖泊提取可再生能源的潜力——以欧洲东南部布雷茨湖为例

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060143

Eugen Rusu, Puiu Lucian Georgescu, Florin Onea, Victoria Yildirir, Silvia Dragan

{"title":"The Potential of Lakes for Extracting Renewable Energy—A Case Study of Brates Lake in the South-East of Europe","authors":"Eugen Rusu, Puiu Lucian Georgescu, Florin Onea, Victoria Yildirir, Silvia Dragan","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060143","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to provide some details regarding the energy potential of the local wind and solar resources near the Galati area (south-east of Romania) by considering the performances of a few recent technologies. Based on 22 years of ERA5 data (2001–2022), a picture concerning the renewable energy resources in the Brates Lake area is provided. Comparing the wind and solar resources with in situ and satellite data, a relatively good agreement was found, especially in regards to the average values. In terms of wind speed conditions at a hub height of 100 m, we can expect a maximum value of 19.28 m/s during the winter time, while for the solar irradiance the energy level can reach up to 932 W/m2 during the summer season. Several generators of 2 MW were considered for evaluation, for which a state-of-the-art system of 6.2 MW was also added. The expected capacity factor of the turbines is in the range of (11.71–21.23)%, with better performances being expected from the Gamesa G90 generator. As a next step, several floating solar units were considered in order to simulate large-scale solar projects that may cover between 10 and 40% of the Brates Lake surface. The amount of the evaporated water saved by these solar panels was also considered, being estimated that the water demand of at least 3.42 km2 of the agricultural areas can be covered on an annual scale.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":" 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New MPPT-Based Extended Grey Wolf Optimizer for Stand-Alone PV System: A Performance Evaluation versus Four Smart MPPT Techniques in Diverse Scenarios 一种新的基于MPPT的独立光伏系统扩展灰狼优化器:不同场景下四种智能MPPT技术的性能评估

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060142

Mohammed Yousri Silaa, Oscar Barambones, Aissa Bencherif, Abdellah Rahmani

{"title":"A New MPPT-Based Extended Grey Wolf Optimizer for Stand-Alone PV System: A Performance Evaluation versus Four Smart MPPT Techniques in Diverse Scenarios","authors":"Mohammed Yousri Silaa, Oscar Barambones, Aissa Bencherif, Abdellah Rahmani","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060142","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems play a crucial role in clean energy systems. Effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are essential to optimize their performance. However, conventional MPPT methods exhibit limitations and challenges in real-world scenarios characterized by rapidly changing environmental factors and various operating conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents a performance evaluation of a novel extended grey wolf optimizer (EGWO). The EGWO has been meticulously designed in order to improve the efficiency of PV systems by rapidly tracking and maintaining the maximum power point (MPP). In this study, a comparison is made between the EGWO and other prominent MPPT techniques, including the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sin cos algorithm (SCA) techniques. To evaluate these MPPT methods, a model of a PV module integrated with a DC/DC boost converter is employed, and simulations are conducted using Simulink-MATLAB software under standard test conditions (STC) and various environmental conditions. In particular, the results demonstrate that the novel EGWO outperforms the GWO, EOA, PSO and SCA techniques and shows fast tracking speed, superior dynamic response, high robustness and minimal power fluctuations across both STC and variable conditions. Thus, a power fluctuation of 0.09 W could be achieved by using the proposed EGWO technique. Finally, according to these results, the proposed approach can offer an improvement in energy consumption. These findings underscore the potential benefits of employing the novel MPPT EGWO to enhance the efficiency and performance of MPPT in PV systems. Further exploration of this intelligent technique could lead to significant advancements in optimizing PV system performance, making it a promising option for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"69 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patent Parasites: Non-Inventors Patenting Existing Open-Source Inventions in the 3-D Printing Technology Space 专利寄生虫:非发明者在3d打印技术领域为现有开源发明申请专利

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060141

Apoorv Kulkarni, Joshua M. Pearce

{"title":"Patent Parasites: Non-Inventors Patenting Existing Open-Source Inventions in the 3-D Printing Technology Space","authors":"Apoorv Kulkarni, Joshua M. Pearce","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060141","url":null,"abstract":"Open-source 3-D printing has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the additive manufacturing (AM) landscape by making distributed manufacturing economic, democratizing access, and fostering far more rapid innovation than antiquated proprietary systems. Unfortunately, some 3-D printing manufacturing companies began deviating from open-source principles and violating licenses for the detriment of the community. To determine if a pattern has emerged of companies patenting clearly open-source innovations, this study presents three case studies from the three primary regions of open-source 3-D printing development (EU, U.S., and China) as well as three aspects of 3-D printing technology (AM materials, an open-source 3-D printer, and core open-source 3-D printing concepts used in most 3-D printers). The results of this review have shown that non-inventing entities, called patent parasites, are patenting open-source inventions already well-established in the open-source community and, in the most egregious cases, commercialized by one (or several) firm(s) at the time of the patent filing. Patent parasites are able to patent open-source innovations by using a different language, vague patent titles, and broad claims that encompass enormous swaths of widely diffused open-source innovation space. This practice poses a severe threat to innovation, and several approaches to irradicate the threat are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extruder Machine Gear Fault Detection Using Autoencoder LSTM via Sensor Fusion Approach 基于传感器融合的自编码器LSTM挤出机齿轮故障检测

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060140

Joon-Hyuk Lee, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Jang-Wook Hur

{"title":"Extruder Machine Gear Fault Detection Using Autoencoder LSTM via Sensor Fusion Approach","authors":"Joon-Hyuk Lee, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Jang-Wook Hur","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060140","url":null,"abstract":"In industrial settings, gears play a crucial role by assisting various machinery functions such as speed control, torque manipulation, and altering motion direction. The malfunction or failure of these gear components can have serious repercussions, resulting in production halts and financial losses. To address this need, research efforts have focused on early defect detection in gears in order to reduce the impact of possible failures. This study focused on analyzing vibration and thermal datasets from two extruder machine gearboxes using an autoencoder Long Short-Term Memory (AE-LSTM) model, to ensure that all important characteristics of the system are utilized. Fast independent component analysis (FastICA) is employed to fuse the data signals from both sensors while retaining their characteristics. The major goal is to implement an outlier detection approach to detect and classify defects. The results of this study highlighted the extraordinary performance of the AE-LSTM model, which achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 94.42% in recognizing malfunctioning gearboxes within the extruder machine system. The study used robust global metric evaluation techniques, such as accuracy, F1-score, and confusion metrics, to thoroughly evaluate the model’s dependability and efficiency. LSTM was additionally employed for anomaly detection to further emphasize the adaptability and interoperability of the methodology. This modification yielded a remarkable accuracy of 89.67%, offering additional validation of the model’s reliability and competence.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"1 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Different Contents of 63s Bioglass on the Performance of Bioglass-PCL Composite Bone Scaffolds 不同含量63s生物玻璃对生物玻璃- pcl复合骨支架性能的影响

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060138

Chen Zhang, Shihao Chen, Muniyandi Vigneshwaran, Yi Qi, Yulai Zhou, Gaosheng Fu, Zhiyu Li, Jianlei Wang

{"title":"Effect of Different Contents of 63s Bioglass on the Performance of Bioglass-PCL Composite Bone Scaffolds","authors":"Chen Zhang, Shihao Chen, Muniyandi Vigneshwaran, Yi Qi, Yulai Zhou, Gaosheng Fu, Zhiyu Li, Jianlei Wang","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060138","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive glasses (BG), notably 63s BG, possess distinct properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to boost cellular interactions. Our research concentrated on formulating polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds enriched with 63s BG to gauge their combined mechanical and biological potentials. Using twin-screw extrusion, we created composites containing 5%, 10%, and 20% 63s BG. These were transformed into cylindrical scaffolds using 3D printing. Our assessments involved melt flow, SEM, XRD, water contact angle metrics, DSC, and extracorporeal degradation. After co-culturing with MC3T3-E1 cells, an uptick in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted. Preliminary findings demonstrated that as 63s BG content increased, the properties of the composites improved. Yet, they fell short of replicating the mechanical nuances of cortical bone, rendering them inapt for load-bearing orthopedic applications but suitable for mending minor bone defects or cartilage. In summary, while 63s BG brings about significant advancements in scaffold attributes, attaining the mechanical traits ideal for certain medical purposes remains elusive. This investigation offers foundational insights for the evolution of optimized bone tissue engineering materials.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"522 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model Problems on Oscillations of Mechanical and Biological Membranes 机械膜和生物膜振荡的模型问题

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060139

Yury Kostikov, Aleksandr Romanenkov

{"title":"Model Problems on Oscillations of Mechanical and Biological Membranes","authors":"Yury Kostikov, Aleksandr Romanenkov","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060139","url":null,"abstract":"Various models of membrane oscillations emerging in the theory of elasticity of mechanical systems, biomechanics of the internal ear of vertebrata, and in the theory of electrical circuits are discussed in the article. The considered oscillations have different natures, but their mathematical models are described using similar initial boundary value problems for the second-order hyperbolic equation with the nontrivial boundary condition. The differential equations in these problems are the same. Thus, for example, the model of voltage distribution in the telegraph line emerges for the one-dimensional equation of oscillations. The model of oscillations of a circular homogeneous solid membrane, a membrane with a hole, and the model of gas oscillations in a sphere and spherical region emerge for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional operators, but take into account the radial symmetry of oscillations. The model problem on membrane oscillation can be considered as the problem on ear drum membrane oscillations. The unified approach to reducing the corresponding problems to the initial boundary value problem with zero boundary conditions is suggested. The technique of formulating the solution in the form of a Fourier series using eigenfunctions of the corresponding Sturm–Liouville problem is described.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"29 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing-Driven Design and Testing of the Snapping Interlocking Metasurface Mechanism ShroomLock 基于挤压增材制造驱动的弹合联锁超表面机构ShroomLock的设计与测试

Inventions Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/inventions8060137

Philip Gloyer, Lucca Nikita Schek, Hans Lennart Flöttmann, Paul Wüst, Christina Völlmecke

{"title":"Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing-Driven Design and Testing of the Snapping Interlocking Metasurface Mechanism ShroomLock","authors":"Philip Gloyer, Lucca Nikita Schek, Hans Lennart Flöttmann, Paul Wüst, Christina Völlmecke","doi":"10.3390/inventions8060137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060137","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the manufacturing process-driven development of an interlocking metasurface; (ILM) mechanism for fused filament fabrication; (FFF) with a focus on open-source accessibility. The presented ILM is designed to enable strong contact between two planar surfaces. The mechanism consists of spring elements and locking pins which snap together when forced into contact. The mechanism is designed to deliver optimized mechanical properties, functionality, and printability with common FFF printers. The mechanism is printed from a thermoplastic polyurethane; (TPU) filament which was selected for its flexibility, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the spring elements. To characterize the designed mechanism, a tensile test is carried out to assess the holding force of the ILM. The force-displacement profiles are analyzed and categorized into distinct phases, highlighting the interplay between spring deformation, sliding, and disengagement. Finally, from the measurements of multiple printed specimens, a representative holding force is determined through averaging and assigned to the mechanism. The resulting tolerance, which can be attributed to geometric and material-related factors, is discussed. The testing results are discussed and compared with a numerical simulation carried out with a frictionless approach with a nonlinear Neo-Hookean material law. The study underscores the importance of meticulous parameter control in three-dimensional (3D) printing for the consistent and reliable performance of interlocking metasurface mechanisms. The investigation leads to a scalable model of an ILM element pair with distinct three-phase snapping characteristics ensuring reliable holding capabilities.","PeriodicalId":14564,"journal":{"name":"Inventions","volume":"41 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0