Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Beyond Recurrent Infections: Immune Dysregulation Manifestations, Genotype-phenotype Heterogeneity, and Three Novel BTK Variants in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia.","authors":"Ozan Kapçay, Aşkın Şen, Filiz Demir Şahin, Mehmet Kılıç","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inborn error of immunity caused by BTK gene mutations, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. This study evaluates a long-term pediatric cohort to assess clinical spectrum, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular findings. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, immunological, treatment, and genetic data for 11 male XLA patients followed over 20 years at our center. Median age at symptom onset was 12.7 months (range: 3-60), while median age at diagnosis was 4.5 years (range: 1-10), revealing marked diagnostic delays in patients without family history. Severe complications included bronchiectasis, septic arthritis, and immune dysregulation (e.g., juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis, pancytopenia, celiac disease). Immunoglobulin replacement and antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced median annual infections from 16.9 to 2.09. Six distinct BTK variants were identified, including three novel mutations: c.90del, c.1922_1924delGTC, and c.1589dup. Inter-sibling phenotypic heterogeneity was notable. In the absence of functional expression studies, pathogenic contributions of novel variants remain exploratory. XLA extends beyond recurrent infections to encompass significant immune dysregulation and phenotypic variability. Early diagnosis, family screening, genetic testing, and tailored immunoglobulin therapy are vital to improve long-term outcomes. Larger multicenter cohorts with functional testing are needed to validate genotype-phenotype associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"191-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Challenges, and Therapeutic Outcomes in Non-eosinophilic Esophagitis Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in Comparison with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.","authors":"Azizollah Yousefi, Saeed Sepehry Vafa, Mina Mirzad, Fatemeh Elham Mahjoub, Behnam Shahsavand, Ebrahim Babaee, Fereshteh Karbasian, Mohammad Nabavi, Mohammad Hasan Bemanian, Sima Shokri, Saba Arshi, Morteza Fallahpour","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are chronic, TH2-mediated conditions. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most common type, while non-EoE EGIDs affect other gut segments. This retrospective study of 111 patients (50 EoE and 61 non-EoE) from 2011 to 2022 compared the clinical aspects of these 2 types. Dysphagia and food impaction dominated in EoE, while abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea were more common in non-EoE EGIDs. Atopic comorbidities were frequent. Diagnostic delays>1 year were more common in EoE (72% vs 47.5%). The overall clinical response rate was 88.29%, with most patients using food avoidance (90.99%) and proton pump inhibitors (94.59%). Clinical relapses occurred in 38.88% over the mean follow-up of 4.62 years and were unaffected by therapy type. Failure to thrive was seen in 26.7%, with no significant intergroup difference. This study highlights a prolonged diagnostic delay in EoE vs non-EoE EGIDs. Both groups showed similar, favorable response rates, underscoring a need for greater awareness. Prospective studies with standardized measures are required to optimize management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"65-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-mediated Modulation of T-bet and CD8+ T Cells: A Potential Anti-inflammatory Mechanism in Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Mohsen Ghoryani, Soroush Gorgani, Mahdi Atabaki, Elmira Noori, Zhaleh Shariati-Sarabi, Mojgan Mohammadi","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by pathological changes in joint components. Increasing evidence suggests that helper T (TH) lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the inflammatory processes associated with OA. Curcumin, the primary polyphenolic compound found in Curcuma longa, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the gene expression of key transcription factors of TH1 and TH2 cells and to explore their associations with clinical and immunological parameters in patients with knee OA. This mechanistic sub-study presents a secondary molecular analysis of RNA biospecimens from a previously completed double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 30 patients with knee OA. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg/day of nano-micelle curcumin or a placebo for 3 months. Expression levels of T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), the key transcription factors of TH1 and TH2 cells, respectively, were quantified using SYBR Green-based real-time PCR. Their associations with changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) score, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were analyzed. Curcumin administration significantly reduced T-bet gene expression compared to baseline and showed a positive correlation with the frequency of CD8+ T cells, while GATA3 expression remained unchanged. These findings may provide a novel molecular perspective on curcumin's potential to influence CD8+ T cell dynamics by modulating TH1-associated transcriptional programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Vitamin D and Curcumin on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells Expressing CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6 Chemokine Receptors in Patients with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Omid Sadatpour, Amirreza Azimi, Zahra Salehi, Mohammad Javad Tavassolifar, Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi, Maryam Izad","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in mediating the migration of pathogenic T cells into the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D and curcumin are known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties; however, their combined effects on T-cell chemokine receptor expression in MS remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of vitamin D, curcumin, and their combination on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CXCR3, CCR6, and CCR4 in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients in relapse (n=10), remission (n=14), and healthy controls (n=15) and analyzed using flow cytometry. Relapse patients exhibited elevated frequencies of CXCR3+CD4+ T cells compared to healthy controls, which normalized following treatment. Increased CCR6+CD4+ T cells and CXCR3+CD8+ T cells were also observed in patients, with a significant reduction achieved only after combined treatment with vitamin D and curcumin. The combined treatment further decreased the mean fluorescence intensity of CXCR3 and CCR6 on T cells in relapse patients, while vitamin D alone specifically reduced CCR4+CCR6+CD4+ T cells, a TH17-like subset enriched during relapse. These findings indicate that vitamin D and curcumin, particularly in combination, modulate T-cell activity by downregulating chemokine receptor expression and may represent a promising adjunctive approach for controlling immune cell migration in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Inflammatory Markers, Micronutrients, and Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Reyhaneh Sowti, Farzad Najafipour, Sevil Ghaffarzadeh Rad, Hakimeh Ghorbani, Halimeh Amirazad","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of treatment strategies in COVID-19 is critical, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation of transmembrane protease serine 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 during COVID-19 in patients with diabetes may exacerbate immune dysregulation and inflammation. Elevated inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been observed in COVID-19 patients. This review aims to assess the relationship between inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, and micronutrients (vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper) with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with type 2 diabetes. A narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2025. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, the ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. Search terms included COVID-19, infections, type 2 diabetes mellitus, interleukins, and micronutrients. English-language scientific articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included, while studies lacking sufficient information, letters, comments, and editorials were excluded. Evidence suggests that immune-boosting components such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals can enhance immunity to infections. Vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper play supportive roles in immune function, potentially modulating the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines correlate with increased disease severity in this population. Understanding the interplay between inflammatory markers and micronutrients may guide improved therapeutic strategies for managing COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Further research is warranted to clarify these relationships and optimize clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"28-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Peiminine on Disease Activity Indices and Inflammatory Markers in an Experimental Model of Autoimmune Hepatitis.","authors":"Jafar Salimian, Soheil Vazifedust, Majid Mirzaei Nodooshan, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure if untreated. Current therapies, mainly corticosteroids, are effective but limited by adverse effects and incomplete responses, prompting the search for safer alternatives. Peiminine, an alkaloid derived from Fritillaria species, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several disease models. This study evaluated its efficacy in a concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse model of AIH. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, including ConA-injured animals, and treatment groups receiving peiminine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), prednisolone (10 mg/kg, i.p.), or their combination. ConA injection caused sharp increases in ALT (↑ 5.4-fold), AST (↑ 4.8-fold), and ALP (↑ 3.9-fold), alongside marked elevations in MPO activity, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ). Peiminine significantly reversed these alterations-reducing ALT, AST, and ALP by 65% to 75% and restoring IL-4, TGF-β, and SOD activity toward normal values. Pre-treatment provided stronger protection than post-treatment, and outcomes were comparable to those of prednisolone, with combination therapy yielding the greatest improvement across all indices. These findings indicate that peiminine mitigates immune-mediated hepatic injury by modulating cytokines, reducing oxidative stress, and maintaining liver integrity. Peiminine may represent a promising preventive or adjunct therapy for AIH, warranting further mechanistic and long-term investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Prehospital Emergency Personnel's Knowledge in Pediatric Anaphylaxis Management.","authors":"Serkan Filiz, Güney Küçük Külice, Zeycan Canıtez Oral, Şennur Keleş, Dilek Yapar, Osman Keysan, Mehmet Fatih Gülşen, Ahu Sezgin","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaphylaxis is a severe, rapidly progressing, and potentially life-threatening emergency requiring prompt, evidence-based intervention. This study assessed pre-hospital emergency healthcare professionals' knowledge of anaphylaxis diagnosis, acute management, and treatment protocols in line with current clinical guidelines. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2025 among physicians, paramedics, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) working in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) stations. Data were collected via a 21-item Google Forms survey covering demographics and key knowledge domains based on established pediatric anaphylaxis guidelines. A total of 322 professionals participated: paramedics (n = 214, 66.5%), EMTs (n = 73, 22.7%), and physicians (n = 35, 10.9%). Although most reported prior anaphylaxis training (90.0%) and clinical encounters (87.6%), only 52.2% correctly identified all three diagnostic criteria. Regarding pharmacologic management, 81.7% recognized epinephrine as first-line treatment, with physicians performing best (94.3%) compared to paramedics (81.8%) and EMTs (75.3%). Similarly, 81.1% correctly identified the intramuscular route, with physicians again demonstrating superior knowledge (95.5%). However, major deficiencies were noted in appropriate patient positioning (52.2%) and epinephrine auto-injector use (50.6%), with significant inter-professional differences across both domains. Substantial knowledge gaps exist among pre-hospital emergency providers regarding anaphylaxis diagnosis, patient positioning, and auto-injector administration. Targeted training and standardized protocols are urgently needed to enhance competency and improve patient safety in pre-hospital anaphylaxis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-DRB1* Alleles and Long COVID: A Mediation Analysis of Anti-RBD IgG, CRP, and Anti-β2GPI IgG.","authors":"Ensiye Torki, Nahid Eskandari, Kiana Sami, Arezou Gharezadeh, Mark J M Sullman, Shakiba Soltani Shiraz, Hamed Fouladseresht","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long COVID syndrome (LCS) is characterized by persistent multi-system manifestations with an unclear underlying pathophysiology. Identifying the genetic and immunological factors associated with LCS is essential for improved risk stratification and clinical management. This study investigated whether incorporating HLA-DRB1* and HLA-DQB1* genotyping data could enhance the predictive value of laboratory parameters for identifying individuals at higher risk of developing LCS. Demographic characteristics and relevant clinical history data were extracted from the medical records of 88 individuals diagnosed with LCS (LCS+) and 96 individuals without LCS (LCS-). Serum levels of anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD IgG), anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgG (anti-β2GPI IgG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Low-resolution genotyping was performed to identify HLA-DRB1* and HLA-DQB1* alleles. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between HLA alleles and LCS status. Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mechanistic roles of anti-RBD IgG, CRP, and anti-β2GPI IgG in these observed relationships. The LCS+ group exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the HLA-DRB1*01 allele and a lower frequency of the HLA-DRB1*11 than the LCS- cohort. Serum levels of both CRP and anti-β2GPI IgG were substantially higher in the LCS+ cohort, whereas anti-RBD IgG levels were significantly lower. After adjusting for key variables, HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB1*11 remained significantly associated with LCS. Mediation analysis suggested that these HLA associations might be partially mediated by CRP, anti-RBD IgG, and anti-β2GPI IgG levels. Our findings indicate that the combination of HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB1*11 allele screening with serological profiling (anti-RBD IgG, CRP, and anti-β2GPI IgG) may contribute to refining predictive models of LCS susceptibility, though clinical utility requires validation in larger, independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Circulating Therapeutic MicroRNAs in Pulmonary and Muscular Function in Post-COVID-19 Athletes.","authors":"Zahra Eslami, Seyed Javad Mirghani, Abdorreza Eghbal Moghanlou, Mahbanou Ghaderi","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 infection causes significant acute and long-term morbidity, including persistent pulmonary and muscular dysfunction in athletes. Physical exercise alters circulating microRNA (miR) profiles, and specific microRNAs have documented roles in inflammation, immune regulation, muscle metabolism, and regeneration. This study characterizes circulating microRNAs relevant to COVID-19 pathogenesis and post-viral recovery, including miR-155, miR-146a, the let-7 family, miR-21, miR-424, miR-1, miR-133, miR-499, miR-208, miR-486, and miR-22, and examines how different exercise modalities may modulate these microRNAs to support pulmonary and muscular function in post-COVID-19 athletes. miR-155 and miR-146a are highlighted as modulators of innate and adaptive inflammatory signaling and as mediators of cytokine responses implicated in severe COVID-19. Moreover, several microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-155, miR-146a, and the let-7 family, converge on NF-κB and related pathways, linking altered miR expression to immune dysregulation and cytokine-driven tissue injury. Additionally, muscle-enriched and metabolism-associated microRNAs regulate myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and key metabolic pathways (PGC-1α, AMPK, mTOR)-processes essential for muscle repair, endurance recovery, and respiratory muscle support after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different types of exercise produce distinct miR signatures; notably, moderate-intensity exercise consistently promotes anti-inflammatory and pro-repair miR patterns. We emphasize the therapeutic potential of moderate-intensity exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy to regulate miR expression, reduce cytokine-mediated damage, and support functional recovery in post-COVID-19 athletes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link exercise-driven miR changes with functional pulmonary and muscular recovery in athletic populations recovering from COVID-19, supporting moderate-intensity exercise as a promising strategy for rehabilitation and performance restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting CDK9 in Autoimmune Diseases: A New Approach to Inflammation Control.","authors":"Hanie Raufi, Pouya Zahmatkesh, Ata Bahadori, Majid Ahmadi","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the kinase associated with positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), enhances transcription elongation by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II and transcription elongation factors. The critical function of P-TEFb is in mediating networks of transcription that are induced by cytokines. More specifically, P-TEFb is involved in STAT3 signaling induced by IL-6 and TNF-inducible NF-κB activation. Within these signaling cascades, the pathways become hyperactivated due to abnormal CDK9 activity, which in turn increases inflammation and causes tissue damage. Pharmacological research has recently made great strides, and new CDK9 inhibitors are being considered as potential treatment options for regulating abnormal inflammatory responses. The efficacy of these inhibitors in reducing inflammation and symptom severity has been demonstrated in preclinical studies of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. The advancement of next-generation CDK9 inhibitors with improved selectivity and diminished off-target effects provides considerable promise for the treatment of many inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 Sup 11","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}