IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Clinicohematological and drug prescription details in children affected with malaria: A retrospective study from a tertiary hospital of an endemic region in India","authors":"R. Jakribettu, S. Abraham, Akkamma Daddibavi, Ganesh Bhandari, P. Palatty, M. Baliga","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a life threatening plasmodial infection transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It infects mainly the reticulo-endothelial system and causes derangement in the hematological parameters. This study was undertaken to study the Clinicohematological and audit of drug prescription in children affected with malaria attending a tertiary care hospital at Mangalore in Karnataka state of India.This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital among paediatric patients (<18 years of age) who were diagnosed with malaria during the study period. All the clinical details and other laboratory parameters were collected from the medical records and the lab parameters compared with control group, and statistical analysis was done. The mean, standard deviation was done for all the parameters and compared with control cases, using ANOVA /Kruskal Wallis test. The p value < 0.05 were considered as significant.: A total of 290 children (males 182: females 108, 2:1) were included in the study, 204 (70.3%) patients had , mixed malaria 71 (24.5%) and 15 (5.2%) had . The Majority of the patients (179, 61.72%) belonged to the age group of 11-16 years (Table 1). Among the 290 children diagnosed with malaria, all had fever. Vomiting (89, 30.7%) was second most common symptom. The haemoglobin, and total leucocyte count was reduced in all patients, whereas the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was significantly higher in the infected cases. There was significant thrombocytopenia seen mainly in falciparum group. The liver and renal functions were deranged in infected cases. Among the 204 vivax group of patients, chloroquine (187, 91.67%) was the most frequently administered drug. All patients with and mixed group were treated with Artemether. Anti-hypnozoites drug, i.e. Primaquine were administrated to all vivax and mixed malarial patients as per guidelines for 14 days.The study area is a well document endemic region forvivax malaria and our results agreed to previous reports in this study with the paediatric age group. The audit of drug prescriptions suggests that the drugs prescribed were as per guidelines in majority of the children.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"60 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empiric therapy for community acquired urinary tract infection in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Bushra Anam, M. Mustafa, Iqra Anjum","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.050","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are widespread bacterial infections often necessitating empirical antibiotic therapy. However, the escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave threat to treatment efficacy. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AMR in uropathogens causing CA-UTIs and its implications for empirical therapy. The study analyzed data from a tertiary care hospital, to determine AMR rates in common uropathogens, including and . Resistance levels to key antibiotics, such as Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin, were evaluated. Significant resistance rates were observed in uropathogens, with and showing marked resistance. Notably, resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin was widespread, highlighting the severity of the AMR crisis. The increasing AMR in CA-UTIs calls for a comprehensive approach. Strategies including local resistance pattern monitoring, antimicrobial stewardship programs and the recommendation of drugs like nitrofurantoin (with lower drug resistance potential) are crucial to maintain the effectiveness of empirical therapy. This study underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts to address AMR, ensuring effective CA-UTI management and safeguarding public health.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility analysis of various bacteria towards colistin and other antibiotics in clinical isolates","authors":"Sreeja Vamsi Kogila, Sravanthi Brungi, Ramavath Usha Rani, Bhumireddy Rama Chandra Reddy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.051","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from various clinical samples of patients admitted to ICUs of hospitals in Telangana region against colistin and compared with other antibiotics. In the present study clinical pathogen isolates were used for the susceptibility test. A total of 1852 consecutive Gram-negative isolates were tested for Colistin susceptibility. All the bacterial isolates of (e.g., , ), and were included. All Colistin resistant isolates were processed to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics by the broth micro-dilution method. It was observed that in . and the susceptibility was quite significant whereas it was not much significant for other species of bacteria studied namely, , , , and . . and resistance indicated that there is an argent need to get the current situation under control by implementing appropriate measures to slow down the progression of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria in Telangana. and showed significant resistance to Colistin compared with other antibiotics than other gram-negative bacilli isolated from various clinical samples. There is a shortage of clinical data available in South India regarding the prevalence of colistin resistance. This study is one of the few studies that indicate the current scenario of resistance of gram-negative bacteria in this particular area.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase and metallo beta lactamase producers among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in urinary tract infections","authors":"Sravanthi Brungi, Sreeja Vamsi Kogila, Ramachandra Reddy Bhumi Reddy, Shaheen Sultana, Manisha Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":": The incidence of Urinary tract infection (UTI) concomitantly causing the morbidity and mortality in patients with specific risk factors is highly alarming. () and spp., are the most frequently isolated species and considered as highly significant due to their ability to produce Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo beta lactamase (MBL). UTIs caused by bacteria that produces ESBL and MBL are becoming more common, and the ability of diagnostic microbiology laboratories to promptly screen for and identify these resistant infections is crucial.The main objective of my study is to identify and its susceptibility pattern of ESBL and MBL producing and spp., causing UTI.: A total 0f 200 multi drug resistant (MDR) and spp., were screened for ESBL as well as MBL production by phenotypic methods. : From a total of 350 significant UTI cases, 135 are and 65 are spp., remaining are comprised of other bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. Among 135 isolates 56 found to be multidrug resistant and 42 were ESBL producers and 9 were MBL producers. Among 65 spp., isolates 23 were multidrug resistant and 22 were ESBL producers and 6 were MBL producers.: This study reveals the prevalence of ESBL and MBL producing multidrug resistant and spp., in urinary tract infections as well as their significant role in treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple microbial coinfections occurred during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Maneesh Kumar, Ratnesh Kumar, Arti Kumari, R. Topno","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light a complex challenge: the occurrence of multiple microbial co-infections in affected individuals. In addition to the primary infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, patients often had to contend with secondary infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This complicated interaction of pathogens has presented significant clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic hurdles. It has been observed that co-infections can exacerbate disease severity and complicate treatment strategies, necessitating a more comprehensive approach to patient care. In addition, distinguishing between viral and bacterial/fungal coinfections based on clinical symptoms alone remains a difficult task, underscoring the need for advanced diagnostic tools. The emergence of coinfections has also heightened concerns about antimicrobial resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics and antifungals, underscoring the importance of prudent antimicrobial stewardship. As the pandemic continues to evolve, understanding, diagnosing, and effectively managing these multiple microbial coinfections have become critical imperatives for healthcare systems and researchers worldwide. The present review illustrated the past occurrence of various microbial infections that co-existed with the COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"54 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pus isolates in tertiary care hospital","authors":"Vijetha Sajjanar, Premalatha De, Siddesh Kc, Prakash N","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical wound causes invasion of pathogens causing surgical site infections which are commonly polymicrobial in nature. This pus forming infection causes delayed wound healing, wound dehiscence and wound breakdown contributing to important healthcare associated infections (HAI) Multidrug resistance has emerged among organisms isolated in pus sample due to failure of appropriate use of antibiotics.: 1. To study the bacteriological profile of pus samples 2. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens from pus samples.The study was conducted in department of microbiology, Shimoga institute of medical sciences, Shimoga from January 2018 to June 2018.All pus samples were processed on blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37°c under aerobic conditions for 24 hours. The organisms were identified as per standard conventional methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by Kirby–Bauer’s Disk Diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar and interpreted as per clinical laboratory standard institution guidelines (CLSI). Out of 350 samples 250 were culture positive 100 were culture negative. Among culture positive most common organism isolated was followed by 86(34.45%), 72(28.8%), 55(22%), 20(8%), 9(3.6%), 2(0.8%), 3(1.2%) 3(1.2%), 3(1.2%). Gram positive organisms were most sensitive for linezolid, vancomycin and least sensitive to cefoxitin, erythromycin. Gram Negative Organisms Were Most Sensitive for Imipenam, Piperacillin tazobactam and least Sensitive for Ampicillin-sulbactam, Ciprofloxacin is most common etiology of pus forming infection most importantly surgical site infections (SSI). MRSA prevalence in hospital set up indicates the failure of proper infection control practices implementation in the hospitals causing healthcare associated infections (HAI). Emergence of multidrug resistance among the pus isolates is because of non-judicious use of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 87","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR): From aggravation to alleviation ","authors":"Neelam Jain, G. Aseri","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of breakthrough infection after COVID vaccination and effect of post-covid-19 syndrome on medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana","authors":"Mohammed Faraaz Khan, Sai Ajay Bompalli, Roopa C, Panthagani Narasimhulu Shilpa","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"Even though many breakthrough infections have been reported in the Telangana region, adequate data regarding them are not available. In addition, there is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in long-term physical and mental health consequences. To estimate the incidence of breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination and the effect of Post COVID 19 syndrome on staff and medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana.1. To detect the incidence of breakthrough infections in staff and students in our institute; 2. To measure the effect of post-COVID-19 syndrome on the staff, undergraduate, and postgraduate medical students in our institute This study was carried out in a tertiary care medical college located near Hyderabad. This was a cross-sectional retrospective and prospective study where data was collected from individuals who were PCR-confirmed COVID-19-infected individuals diagnosed from December 2021 to July 2022. The cases were classified according to AIIMS clinical guidance for the management of adult COVID-19 patients. To assess the post-COVID syndrome in the staff and medical students, complaints of breathlessness, fatigue, difficulty in concentrating, and mood changes were further evaluated by using the modified dyspnea Medical Research Council scale, Fatigue Assessment scale (FAS), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale -21(DASS-21) respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23. The incidence of breakthrough infections was found to be 9.40%. The maximum number was observed in second-year medical undergraduates followed by medical post-graduates. A total of 40 participants (21.16%) reported suffering from post-COVID-19 syndrome. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported, followed by post-exertion malaise and headache. The incidence of breakthrough infections shows that increased awareness and prompt management of post –COVID syndrome is crucial in the post pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance pattern of aerobic bacterial isolates from patients with skin and soft tissue infections in Karaikal","authors":"SR Swarna, H Vetreivellan, G Prabakar, K Manobalan, T Bharathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs) are considered as non-fatal burden with significant morbidity and disability. The important challenge of severe SSTIs is choosing a drug for empirical treatment. From this region, only limited local antibiogram data is available. To determine the frequency of different aerobic bacteria isolated from patients with SSTIs attending dermatology and surgery departments of GH, Karaikal and to study the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study with 100 samples. Standard protocol was followed for collection, processing, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. All isolates of and were screened for methicillin resistance and subsequently subjected to Oxacillin E-strip and Vancomycin E-strip to know the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. Isolates of Gram negative bacilli resistant to one or more carbapenems were tested for carbapenemase production using Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (MCIM) and multi drug resistant (MDR) organisms were identified. Most effective antibiotic for methicillin sensitive (MSSA) are Clindamycin (82.75%), Gentamicin (80.95%) and Cotrimoxazole (75%). The methicillin resistant (MRSA) incidence is 6.89% (2/29). Around 66.67% (4/6) of was Cefoxitin resistant. The carbapenem resistance was found to be 13.88% (5/36). Around 43.13% (22/51) Gram negative bacilli were MDR. The presence of MRSA and carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacilli are worrisome. Further, routine surveillance is needed to monitor the trends in antibiotic resistant pattern. However, this data paves way for judicious use of antibiotics for treatment and to prevent development of resistance in future.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 pandemic during first and second waves: A comparative study in east Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"D Satyanarayana Murty, BV Suresh Babu, A Durga Rani, G Rajyalakshmi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"From Wuhan, China, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread quickly to other countries. India experienced its first wave of COVID-19 infection between March 2020 to February 2021 with the peak in August 2020.The second wave started in March 2021 and continued for few months till November 2021. This study has been conducted to describe the epidemiological trends based on laboratory data at East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was performed between March 2020 to November 2021at a tertiary care centre in East Godavari Dist., AP. Samples (Throat/ Nasal/ Nasopharyngeal swabs) were received from the Government hospitals in East Godavari district for Covid-19 Real time PCR. A total number of 5,00,869 and 8,75,808 samples were tested using rRT-PCR, and 39,626 (7.9%) and 98,656 (11.2%) were positive during first and second waves respectively. In the first wave the highest positivity rate was observed in the month of August (26.8%) whereas in Second Wave it was observed in the month of May (36.6%). In the both the waves highest positivity was observed in the age group 70-79 years (first wave 11.1% and second wave 16.3%). In both the waves the positivity rate of males was higher than females. Among symptomatic cases, the positivity rate was in the first wave 8.6% whereas in second 19.1% was observed. The overall, higher positivity rate was observed in the second wave when compared to first wave. Also we observed a noticeable difference between the 1 and 2waves in terms of positivity percentage among symptomatic cases.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}