IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Microbial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, North East India","authors":"Partha Pratim Das, Chandra Jyoti Bora, Rashmi Ahmed, Hema Bahety","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.007","url":null,"abstract":": Health care associated infections commonly encountered in paediatric intensive care units (PICU) are respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Monitoring of prevalence rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of different pathogens is necessary for proper management of PICU infections. : This study aimed to determine the microbial profile causing infections in patients admitted to PICU and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.: A cross sectional study was conducted involving all paediatric patients admitted in PICU during a 19 months period. Specimen viz. blood culture, urine, and tracheal aspirate were sent for culture and sensitivity and results were observed and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was noted. : Out of total 372 patients, 72 (19.35%) were found culture positive. The isolation rate was very high in tracheal aspirates (82.14%) as compared to blood (14.29%) and urine (14.21%). Gram negative bacilli (76.3%) were the most common pathogen group isolated, (30.5%) commonest followed by species (19.4%). species (13.8%) was the most common gram positive isolate followed by Methicillin resistant (MRSA) (6.94%). Higher susceptibility was observed to Tigecycline & Meropenem among gram negative isolates while Linezolid and Vancomycin were most susceptible to gram positive cocci.: Gram negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens mostly species while species were the most common among Gram positive bacteria. Isolates showed multiple drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobials- Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones etc.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic concordance between micro real-time PCR and Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media assays for pulmonary tuberculosis detection with associated clinical characteristics","authors":"Kalpesh Khutade, Samiksha Patil, Harshada Shah, Hiren Patel","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can affect various parts of the body, with lung infections being the most common cause. In this study, drug susceptibility testing (DST) using LJ media was compared to Truenat testing to detect rifampicin resistance in sputum smear-positive cases with related clinical characteristics. The Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences conducted a laboratory-based study from July 2023 to December 2023, enrolling 102 clinical isolates. Sputum smears with acid-fast bacilli were cultured in LJ medium, isolated, and grown with rifampicin for resistance observation and a correlation with Truenat.The study found that individuals aged 21–30 had the highest prevalence of TB. The highest detection ratio was shown in the Below Poverty Line (BPL) at 84.2%, and Rifampicin (RIF) resistance was detected at 75%. A TB positive ratio of 68.4% were found to be both alcoholic and smoker population and 42.1% were found to have asthma and liver disease, no Rifampicin (RIF) resistance was detected in both the population. In HIV patients 50% RIF resistance was detected. MTB coinfections were observed in 68.4% of pneumonia patients. The LJ culture test had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for MTB detection, while the Truenat test had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for both MTB testing and MTB/RIF resistance detection.Demographic, clinical, and social variables, including alcoholics and smokers, asthma and liver disease, hypertension, diabetes, and co-infection with pneumonia, were the main factors for pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Micro-real-time PCR has higher clinical sensitivity for MTB detection, while conventional tests predict rifampicin resistance.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of bloodstream infection by Prototheca zopfii: An emerging opportunistic pathogen","authors":"Heena Tak, Bhumika Chandra Lali, Tabassum Amber","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes the presentation, investigation, and diagnosis of algaemia ( algaemia) in an immunocompromised patient with hematological malignancy. A patient of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was admitted with febrile neutropenia after a few weeks of induction chemotherapy. During hospital stay, the patient developed severe body pain, loss of appetite and persistent fever after a week of recovery. Upon thorough investigation, the patient was found to have central line related bloodstream infection with an emerging opportunistic environmental pathogen of genus species , sensitive to Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Micafungin and Caspofungin. Liposomal Amphotericin B, an antifungal treatment was prescribed, post-treatment blood cultures were negative.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"51 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of pelvic hydatidosis","authors":"Ajay Lucas, Komali Jonnalagadda, Afwaan Faizal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"This case report highlights the diagnostic intricacies and clinical implications of pelvic hydatidosis, particularly in the context of the Indian healthcare system. Despite being a rare occurrence, pelvic hydatidosis presents significant challenges in diagnosis and management, necessitating a comprehensive approach for optimal patient care. The case involved a 54-year-old male presenting with right thigh pain and a gradually enlarging groin and thigh swelling. Imaging studies revealed a large cystic lesion with multiple internal cysts extending into the pelvic cavity, suggestive of pelvic hydatidosis. Following confirmation of pelvic hydatidosis, the patient received a 7-day course of albendazole prior to undergoing surgical excision via laparotomy. The cystic mass located in the right thigh's medial aspect was successfully removed, with subsequent peritoneal irrigation and uneventful postoperative recovery. Oral albendazole was prescribed for 6 months, and at the 6-month follow-up, no signs of disease recurrence were observed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, showcasing characteristic features of hydatid cysts. The rarity of pelvic hydatidosis compared to other forms of echinococcosis underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion, especially in regions where the disease is endemic. The complex socioeconomic landscape in India, characterized by poor sanitation and limited healthcare access, contributes to delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity rates.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemology","authors":"Santosh Kotgire","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"45 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Campylobacter infections in Middle Eastern children: Review article","authors":"A. Al-Haddad, Y. M. Matran, Abdullah O. Ba Omer","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"() infections among children have become an alarming challenge for developed and developing countries. This narrative review highlights the concerning situation of and its antimicrobial resistance among Middle Eastern children. The review targeted studies on infections in the Middle East, focusing on those publications that were conducted within the past 14 years. The selected publications were sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. There was scanty published data addressing compylobacteriosis and its antimicrobial profile specifically among Middle Eastern children. Although there has been international concern about the role of and in causing childhood diarrhea, many regions in the Middle East do not appear to share the same level of concern. Furthermore, the complex interplay of socio-demographic and environmental elements that may influence infections, coupled with the globally rising concern over antibiotic resistance in spp (particularly multidrug-resistant strains), raises significant concerns in this region. Moreover, the presence of co-infections with , known to worsen disease severity, could exacerbate the issue and place a greater burden on healthcare systems. Additionally, the low awareness and insufficient prioritization of this public health issue, compounded by political conflicts in parts of the Middle East, present multiple challenges for children in several regions of the Middle East. These challenges, along with the consequences of late sequelae from infection, put many children in this region at significant risk. To effectively tackle these challenges, critical targeted interventions must be implemented. These interventions include conducting comprehensive epidemiological studies to understand the burden of in Middle Eastern children, characterizing the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of prevalent strains, updating healthcare practices to align with prevailing resistance profiles, adopting appropriate antibiotic prescription policies, and implementing robust infection control measures in this specific population.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of nosocomial multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in India: A systemic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Md. Mudassar Iqbal Lodhi, Lakshminarayana S A, Aaftab G.P","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous rising of hospital acquired Multi Drug resistant creates an alarming condition in public health worldwide. Objective of this study is to identify quantitative analysis of hospital acquired Multi-Drug resistant in India. Data were collected from Pub Med and Google scholar specific study of India to identify prevalence of Multi-drug resistant nosocomial starting from 2011 to 2023. Literature review were collected and analysed through Preferred reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline and SPSS- 25 software used for Data analysis. Meta-analysis report reveals that prevalence of multi-drug resistant among hospital acquired is 34.37 % and pooled prevalence rate of hospital acquired multi drug resistant infection found at 2 % (97.5 % CI, 2.5) with p-value is 0.01. Genotypic analysis reveals bla gene identified most among the studied samples. Prevalence of ESBL, MDR associated with nosocomial infections estimated and correlated with mortality and death ratio as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests pattern was analysed in India which shows continuous rising number of MDR and ESBL especially hospital acquired infection. A finding of this study is indicating alarming situation of public health and it should control through interdisciplinary one health approach.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"60 S10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of Tityus metuendus and Brotheas amazonicus scorpion venoms against Plasmodium falciparum FRC3","authors":"R. Procópio, D. B. Pereira, J. G. Martins, Yohonatan Alain Duque Aurazo","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"Scorpion venoms contain different classes of molecules with possible pharmacological activities, making them sources of bioactive molecules for the development of new drugs against infections caused by pathogens, such as malaria, a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Malaria faces challenges in its control due to pathogen resistance to available antimalarials. In this study, we evaluated the venom activity of the Amazonian scorpions and against FRC3, the analysis was performed by flow cytometry. At the analyzed concentrations, we found that the crude venom of had an average inhibition of 87% at the concentration of 100 µg/mL, above that obtained with the drug (quinine), which had mean inhibition of 84% against FCR3. Regarding the venom of , lower activity was observed in comparison with the inhibition potential of the venom and the standard drug, venom showed low toxicity against the human fibroblast MRC5. Because peptides and toxins from scorpion venom are related to biological functions, they can be used in the design of new therapeutic agents, with venom being a possible source of molecules for the development of antimalarial drugs.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of essential hematological parameters and nutrient levels of dengue patients aiming for quick recovery and sustainable immunity","authors":"Swapan Banerjee, Urvashi Sharma, Virender Pal Kaur","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Dengue is one of the common public health issues globally where laboratory diagnostic test values of patients are primarily focused on hematological parameters. Micronutrients equally take a role in quick recovery, and active cum passive immunity is not mainly considered during and post-recovery of patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling method was applied using pre-tested close-ended questionnaires and laboratory data (soft copies/hard copies) of participants admitted to hospitals or nursing homes within the North -24 Paraganas district from November 2021 to October 2022. 110 male and female patients of 40-60 years reported dengue fever (non-hospitalized cases), and dengue hemorrhagic fever (hospitalized cases) was considered based on 15 variables. STATA version 18.0 software analyzed data using multivariate regression and range plots. The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.72, and the consolidated probability value shows 0.01 (p<0.05), which denotes that the multivariate model was statistically significant and was rightly decided to include the relevant independent variables. Calcium, vitamin D, and total protein were statistically significant as P values were 0.01, the same for each. Similarly, p=0.05 was the same for Total Leukocyte count (TLC) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).The study concludes that micronutrients like calcium, protein, vitamin D, etc., are often considered secondary recommendations in dengue treatment. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet for dengue patients is needed to maintain sustained immunity by extensively monitoring calcium, vitamin D, and total protein intake during and after recovery.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"44 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends in the Susceptibility pattern of Candida to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B at a tertiary care center in South India","authors":"Vidyavathi B. Chitharagi, Johanna N Sem, Raghavendra Rao Morubagal, S. Shivappa, R. S. Gowda, Rashmi P. Mahale, Tejashree A Urs","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":": To determine the fluconazole and Amphotericin B susceptibility pattern among isolates by disk diffusion, Vitek-2 method, and micro-broth dilution methods (MBD).Fungal infections are now becoming more prevalent than bacterial in causing opportunistic and nosocomial infections. are among the most common invasive fungi that are seen in most patients with predisposing co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Therefore; identification of the species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for proper patient management as various species respond differently to antifungals and for the prevention of emergence of drug resistance. isolated from different specimens were included in the study, speciation of the isolates was achieved by Vitek 2 automated machine and also with corn meal agar inoculation (CMA). The comparison of antifungal susceptibility testing was done by three different methods which included Vitek 2 systems, disk diffusion, and Micro-broth dilution methods. The antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole and Amphotericin B. A total of 50 isolates were randomly selected and speciated. Species-wise distribution showed s to be the most common one accounting for 34 (69%) followed by 12(24%) and 4 (12%) of them were . The overall resistance among these isolates was as follows: by micro –broth dilution fluconazole resistance to was 6% and to Amphotericin B was 8%. By disc diffusion, fluconazole resistance was 10%, Amphotericin B was 14%. With the Vitek 2 system, fluconazole and Amphotericin B showed resistance of 10% and 6% respectively. Speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing of solates are of great significance regardless of the specimen isolated from, which helps in the management and knowing the epidemiology of the susceptibility pattern of the . For this to become a reality a reliable, easy, and sensitive method of antifungal susceptibility needs to be used in every Microbiology laboratory as a routine practice.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"43 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}