Journal of Infectious Diseases & Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Chest x-ray and Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease","authors":"Hissa Mohammed","doi":"10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Case Reports","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124203131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria: Current Practices, Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Seyi Samson Enita","doi":"10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)117","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has continued to record a dramatic rise in the number of confirmed cases and fatalities of Coronavirus Diseas-2019 (COVID-19) since the first incidence was reported on the 27th of February, 2020. As of 25 August, 2020; Nigeria has the largest COVID-19 outbreak in the West-Africa sub-region (52,800), second to South-Africa (613,017) in the continent. In the absence of an effective and safe vaccine, accurate diagnosis in a timely fashion is very critical to the control of the pandemic. Diagnostic testing allows tracking of the virus, understanding its epidemiology, informing case management, interrupting and suppressing its transmission. Although several serologic methods are being developed and are currently being validated for the diagnosis of COVID-19, the only authorized testing platform for COVID-19 diagnosis in Nigeria as of now is nucleic acid detection in nasal swab, throat swab or other respiratory tract specimen using the Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Unfortunately, the country is not testing just enough due to its low molecular testing capacity. Lack of sufficient testing has been identified as the main reason we are not seeing the true picture of the outbreak in the country. In reality, the cumulative counts of COVID-19 cases may be ten times higher than reported, hence the need to scale-up the national molecular testing capacity amidst scarce resources. This review takes a look at the current practices, challenges and opportunities for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":145303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Case Reports","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132791596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Updated Review with an Artificial Intelligence (AI)","authors":"Sambasivarao Yaragalla","doi":"10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)111","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown microbial etiology associated with Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on 31 December 2019 [1]. The WHO later announced that a novel coronavirus had been detected in samples taken from these patients. Since then, the epidemic has escalated and rapidly spread around the world, with the WHO first declaring a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and then formally declaring it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The condition has been given the official name of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [2,3]. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, chest pain with pneumonia and Death in severe cases. Several clinical trials are under process for the development of effective vaccination and novel drug therapies. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the novel coronavirus (COVID-19 formerly known as 2019 nCoV) caused by SARS-CoV-2, its Taxonomy, Epidemiology, pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment options along with a brief review of the management of mild to critically ill patients. In this Review Article, We also included a special note on Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is emerging as a lifesaver in our fight against COVID-19. AI has proved to be of great aid in drug development, clinical diagnosis, triage patients, monitoring mental health, forecasting spread, fighting misinformation, and even helping function robot cleaners.","PeriodicalId":145303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Case Reports","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124475479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid 19 Morbidity and Case Fatality Rate: An Analysis of Possible Confounding Factors","authors":"M. Helder F B","doi":"10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jidscr/2020(1)116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: When the first report appeared of a protective effect of universal BCG vaccination on COVID- 19 morbidity and case fatality rates, as well as referring to previous papers on the nonspecific protective effects of BCG, our interest was raised, because Mozambique was in an unusual position in relation to BCG vaccination. Based on our knowledge of the history of global public health, we constructed a table with the number of cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality rate of the countries that had carried out universal BCG vaccination for a long period (India, Japan and the ex-USSR countries), compared to countries without a universal BCG vaccination programme. We found that countries that had carried out universal BCG vaccination for a long period had much lower case/population ratios and case fatality rates than those without a universal BCG vaccination programme. This exercise was repeated three times, during the month of April, with consistent results. These results made us take the decision to undertake a study of possible confounding factors Mozambique became independent in June 1975, and immediately after carried out a mass vaccination campaign with the six antigens of the recently created EPI. Smallpox vaccine was added, in order to consolidate smallpox eradication. WHO, at that time, was against vaccination campaigns, but an exceptional agreement was obtained. The campaign took place from the north to the south of the country, from February 1976 to January 1978. Every province started a routine EPI programme as soon as the campaign finished. In the campaign, all children 15 years old or younger received BCG vaccine. The coverage rate in the campaign was 97%, with 99% in the capital city of Maputo. Subsequently, the coverage rate of BCG vaccination at birth in the EPI has been always remarkably high in urban areas. In rural areas, coverage has been irregular, but has been at least 80% in the past 25 years. Therefore, most of the urban population aged 58 or less has received BCG, and so has an important part of the rural population. Such a high coverage of BCG is exceedingly rare in the world.","PeriodicalId":145303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Case Reports","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122672839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}