Invasive Plant Science and Management最新文献

{"title":"A contractor comparison of novel IPT tools and techniques for Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) management","authors":"Mackenzie E. Bell, S. Enloe, J. Leary, D. Lauer","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) is a multistemmed shrub or small tree from South America that is invasive in Florida, Texas, Hawaii, and Australia. It forms multi-stemmed trunks with spreading branches that create dense thickets. State agencies in Florida manage it at annual costs of over three million dollars and individual plant treatment techniques are widely used for control. Recent research testing novel hack and squirt approaches with aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor and basal bark treatment with a new triclopyr formulation has shown they are highly effective. However, they have not been evaluated at larger scales, which would be useful to land managers. Therefore, our objective was to compare the reduced hack and squirt technique using aminopyralid and aminocyclopyrachlor herbicides to basal bark treatment with triclopyr on a field scale. We used two contractor crews to apply treatments to twenty-four, 0.2-ha plots. Treatments included aminocyclopyrachlor (120 g L-1) or aminopyralid (120 g L-1) applied with the reduced hack and squirt technique and triclopyr ester (108 g L-1) and triclopyr acid (34 g L-1) formulations applied with two basal bark treatment techniques. We confirmed reduced hack and squirt significantly reduced the amount of herbicide and carrier applied compared to the basal bark treatments. By 540 DAT, aminocyclopyrachlor more effectively controlled Brazilian peppertree than aminopyralid with reduced hack and squirt and was not different from either triclopyr basal bark treatment. These results verify reduced hack and squirt treatment with aminocyclopyrachlor and basal bark treatment with triclopyr acid as alternatives to basal bark treatment with triclopyr ester. Both resulted in significantly less herbicide use with comparable efficacy. This operational research approach has accelerated our understanding of novel individual plant treatment strategies and their implementation in the field.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of Invasive Plants 5. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.","authors":"Alexandros Tataridas, Miguel Moreira, Luciana Frazão, P. Kanatas, N. Ota, I. Travlos","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"The family Solanaceae lists about 1,400 species worldwide, of which 143 are considered weeds (Sheppard et al. 2006). The genus Solanum is the most numerous of the family Solanaceae. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. belongs to the clade Leptostemonum, commonly known as the “spiny solanum” clade. Solanum elaeagnifolium is native to northern Mexico and the American Southwest. A revision for the S. elaeagnifolium clade and analytic phytokeys are provided by Knapp et al. (2017). The silvery color of its leaves and their resemblance to the leaves of the olive tree (Elaeagnus) were the reasons for naming the species elaeagnifolium (Heap and Carter 1999). Nowadays, it is commonly known as silverleaf nightshade (Boyd et al. 1984). According to Krigas et al. (2021), in northern Greece S. elaeagnifolium is also called “Lernaean Hydra,” due to its intense regrowth after herbicide treatment. Solanum elaeagnifolium is known in South Africa as silverleaf bitter apple or Satansbos (Satan’s bush), indicating how harmful it is to the country (Wilson et al. 2013). In America and other parts of the world, it has received various names over the years, such as white horsenettle, bullnettle, tomatillo, meloncillo, and trompillo (Davis et al. 1945; Kwong et al. 2006). In Algeria, farmers call it echouka, which means thorn, because of the multiple spines on the stem (Adjim and Kazi Tani 2018). In South Korea, it received the name Eun-bit-kka-ma-jung, which is a combination of its silvery coloration and a common plant in the country (Hong et al. 2014).","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of triclopyr, dicamba and picloram in the environment following aerial spraying for control of dense pine invasion","authors":"C. Rolando, M. Scott, B. Baillie, F. Dean, C. Todoroki, T. Paul","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aerial application of a herbicide mixture of triclopyr, dicamba, picloram and aminopyralid is used to control dense infestations of exotic conifers, notably lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), in New Zealand (NZ). The rates of herbicide applied to control these tree-weeds has the potential for off-target impacts through persistence in the forest floor, soil and water. Persistence of three of these herbicides was investigated in cast needles, forest floor (litter, fermented humic layer: LFH) and soil following their operational aerial application (triclopyr:18 kg a.i. ha-1; dicamba: 5 kg a.i. ha-1; picloram: 2 kg a.i. ha-1) at three sites across NZ (KF, MD, GE) with dense invasions of P. contorta. Water was collected from a local stream at two sites (KF, MD) in the days/months after spraying. Active ingredients detected across all sites in cast needles, LFH and mineral soil generally reflected their application rate, with total amounts comprising 81% triclopyr, 14% dicamba and 5% picloram. Most of the active ingredients were detected in the LFH (59%), a heavy lignin-rich layer of dead needles overlaying the soil. All three herbicides persisted in this layer, at all sites, for up to 2 years (at study termination). Only triclopyr was detected in mineral soil where it declined to below detection levels (0.2 mg kg-1) within one year. All three herbicides were detected in stream water on the day of spray application at KF, and during a rainfall event one month later. However, amounts did not exceed NZ environmental and drinking water standards, an outcome attributed to a 30 m no-spray buffer zone used at this site. At MD, herbicides were detectable in water up to four months after spraying, with amounts exceeding NZ drinking water standards on one occasion, one month after spray application. No spray buffer zones were used at the MD site.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Mechanical Control of Nitellopsis obtusa Under Mesocosm Conditions","authors":"Al Haram, R. Wersal","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Management efforts to control Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort) have been limited to stressing the thalli and have not been able to directly target the reproductive bulbils. Smaller scale efforts such as the use of hand pulling can be used but hand pulling is not realistic for larger infestations. This research was conducted to test the effects of clipping stress on N. obtusa in order to give a baseline on the effect of stress on the production of bulbils and the regrowth of thalli. Mesocosms were set up under greenhouse conditions to test the effects of simulated mechanical harvesting once, twice, and four times per growing season on N. obtusa. Different seasonal timing and frequency of clipping treatments will remove different amounts of thalli biomass. The four-clipping treatment always reduced thalli biomass in this study at both 16 and 52 WAT compared to the nontreated reference, but the difference among clipping treatments was never different 52 WAT. At 16 WAT one clipping reduced bulbil density by 44% (trial 1) to 50% (trial two), two clippings reduced bulbil density by 28% (trial 2) to 52% (trial 1), and four clippings reduced bulbil density by 22% (trial 2) to 88% (trial one). At 52 WAT bulbil densities were 69% and 93% lower than that of the nontreated reference trials 2 and 1 respectively. Results from this study indicate that clipping may be effective on N. obtusa and could impact bulbil production.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46539997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological traits for rapid and simple separation of native and introduced common reed (Phragmites australis)","authors":"M. McTavish, T. Smith, S. Mechanda, Sandy M. Smith, R. Bourchier","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effective management of the introduced invasive grass common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.] requires the ability to differentiate between the introduced and native subspecies found in North America. While genetic tools are useful for discriminating between the subspecies, morphological identification is a useful complementary approach that is low to zero cost and does not require specialized equipment or technical expertise. The objective of our study was to identify the best morphological traits for rapid and simple identification of native and introduced P. australis. A suite of 22 morphological traits were measured in 21 introduced and 27 native P. australis populations identified by genetic barcoding across southern Ontario, Canada. Traits were compared between the subspecies to identify measurements that offered reliable, diagnostic separation. Overall, 21 of the 22 traits differed between the subspecies, with four offering complete separation: the retention of leaf sheaths on dead stems; a categorical assessment of stem color; the base height of the ligule, excluding the hairy fringe; and a combined measurement of leaf length and lower glume length. Additionally, round fungal spots on the stem occurred only on the native subspecies and never on the sampled introduced populations. The high degree of variation observed in traits within and between the subspecies cautions against a “common wisdom” approach to identification or automatic interpretation of intermediate traits as indicative of aberrant populations or hybridization. As an alternative, we have compiled the five best traits into a checklist of simple and reliable measurements to identify native and introduced P. australis. This guide will be most applicable for samples collected in the late summer and fall in the Great Lakes region but can also inform best practices for morphological identification in other regions as well.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"110 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INP volume 16 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46795714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of Invasive Plants 4. Arundo donax L.","authors":"J. Goolsby, P. Moran, Maricela Martínez Jiménez, Chenghai Yang, K. Canavan, Q. Paynter, N. Ota, D. Kriticos","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"© Crown Copyright Commonwealth Science Industry and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Crown Copyright Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Government of Mexico, and Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, 2023. To the extent this is a work of the US Government, it is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. Biology of Invasive Plants 4. Arundo donax L.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"81 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47695179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low carrier volume herbicide trials and UAAS support management efforts of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta): a case study","authors":"A. Howell, Erika J. Haug, W. Everman, R. León, R. Richardson","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Expanding the current aquatic herbicide portfolio, reducing total spray volumes, or remotely delivering herbicide using novel spray technologies could improve management opportunities targeting invasive aquatic plants, where options are more limited. However, research on giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) response to foliar herbicide applications at carrier volumes ≤140 L ha–1 is incomplete. Likewise, no data exist documenting S. molesta control with unoccupied aerial application systems (UAAS). Following the recent >100-ha incursion of S. molesta in Gapway Swamp, NC, a case study was developed to provide guidance for ongoing management efforts. In total, three field trials evaluated registered aquatic and experimental herbicides using a 140 L ha–1 carrier volume. Select foliar applications from UAAS were also evaluated. Results at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) indicated the experimental protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, PPO-699-01 (424 g ai ha–1), in combination with endothall dipotassium salt (2,370 g ae ha–1) provided 78% visual control, whereas control when PPO-699-01 (212 g ai ha–1) was applied alone was lower at 35%. Evaluations also showed diquat (3,136 g ai ha–1) alone, glyphosate (4,539 g ae ha–1) alone, and metsulfuron-methyl (42 g ai ha–1) alone achieved 86% to 94% visual plant control at 8 WAT. Sequential foliar applications of diquat, flumioxazin (210 g ai ha–1), and carfentrazone (67 g ai ha–1) at 6 wk following exposure to in-water fluridone treatments were no longer efficacious by 6 WAT due to plant regrowth. Carfentrazone applications made from a backpack sprayer displayed greater control than applications made with UAAS deploying identical carrier volumes at 2 WAT; however, neither application method provided effective control at 8 WAT. Additional field validation is needed to further guide management direction of S. molesta control using low carrier volume foliar applications.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"130 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sethoxydim performance on torpedograss (Panicum repens) and sand cordgrass (Spartina bakeri) as affected by carrier volume and rate","authors":"Benjamin P. Sperry, S. Enloe, Candice M. Prince, Michael W. Durham","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2020 to investigate the effects of carrier volume and sethoxydim rate on torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) control and sand cordgrass (Spartina bakeri Merr.) response from a single application. Panicum repens control and biomass reduction generally increased with increasing sethoxydim rates in evaluations at 14, 28, and 42 d after treatment (DAT); however, increasing the rate to 2X the maximum labeled rate did not always result in increased efficacy. In the first experimental run, which consisted of small plants, P. repens control and biomass reductions were largely similar among tested carrier volumes (37, 187, and 935 L ha–1). However, in run 2, which consisted of larger, mature P. repens plants, efficacy increased when carrier volume was reduced. Spartina bakeri injury increased with sethoxydim rate, reaching a maximum of 45% by 42 DAT. However, no differences in S. bakeri injury among carrier volumes were observed at 14 and 28 DAT evaluations. Spartina bakeri aboveground biomass reductions were also largely driven by sethoxydim rate increases rather than reduced carrier volumes, reaching 40% to 50% reduction in initial aboveground biomass. However, S. bakeri belowground biomass was 20% to 32% greater in treatments applied at 37 or 187 L ha–1 compared with those at 935 L ha–1. Overall, these data suggest that selective P. repens control with sethoxydim may be enhanced through reducing carrier volumes from 935 L ha–1 and that native, perennial, caespitose grasses may exhibit greater tolerance to sethoxydim compared with the rhizomatous P. repens. Future research should further test these hypotheses under field conditions at operational scales.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"119 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47086363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and cost of a rapid response campaign against Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) along a Canadian river","authors":"Gabrielle Rouleau, Marianne Bouchard, Rébecca Matte, C. Lavoie","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) is an invasive Asian plant abundant along rivers in its introduced range. In riparian areas, floods and ice flows uproot the rhizomes, facilitating their dissemination downstream. Control of large, well-established R. japonica clones in riparian areas is difficult if the use of herbicides is prohibited. An alternative to controlling entrenched clones is the rapid detection and manual unearthing of rhizome fragments that have recently rooted after being deposited by floodwaters. We applied this strategy along a Canadian river where spring floods with abundant ice are recurrent. Two river stretches, with approximately 10 km of shoreline each, were selected for the fragment removal campaign. One of the stretches was heavily invaded by R. japonica, while the other was only sparsely invaded. In the heavily invaded stretch, 1,550 and 737 R. japonica rhizome fragments were unearthed in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Unearthed fragments had an average length of 27 to 32 cm. Only 21 fragments were found in the sparsely invaded stretch in 2020. Despite similar distances being surveyed, the detection and unearthing took 62% less time (overall) in the sparsely invaded than in the heavily invaded stretch. Along sparsely invaded riverbanks, a rapid response removal campaign for R. japonica cost, including transportation and labor, an estimated Can$142 (US$105) per aborted clone (i.e., fragment removed). A rapid response removal campaign is economically advantageous compared with the hypothetical eradication of large, well-established clones, but for it to be cost-effective, the time spent locating rhizome fragments must exceed the time spent unearthing them. The question is not whether rapid response unearthing is economically feasible—it is—but rather what invasion level renders the intervention practicable. In highly invaded river stretches generating thousands of fragments annually, finding and removing these fragments year after year would require a massive, unsustainable effort.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"124 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47615656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}