{"title":"5. The Latinization Campaign and the Symbolie Polities of National Identity","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501713323-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323-009","url":null,"abstract":"The latinization campaign was about language, but it was more about what language symbolized. And language-not the public use of language, but its vocabulary, grammar, and script-symbolized national culture. National culture was the most ambiguous of the four central elements of korenizatsiia. The formation of national territories, support for the increased use of national languages, and the creation of national elites, the subject of Chapters 2 to 4, were clear, if often challenging, goals. But what exactly was national culture? Stalin, of course, famously defined Soviet national cultures as being \"national in form, socialist in content.\" But this just begged the question as to what \"national in form\" meant, and Stalin purposefully chose not to clarify this concepto The very existence of national culture was controversial. The left oppositionist, Vaganian, spoke for many party members when he asserted that national culture was an inherently bourgeois and nationalist concept and that the Bolsheviks should do no more than build international or socialist culture in nationallanguages. Although he would never have admitted it, this is close to what Stalin had in mind. When he referred to tasks in building national culture, Stalin's first example was typically native-Ianguage schools.1 In lists of accomplishments in \"national-cultural construction,\" authors would add nativelanguage literature, theater, and opera (which was considered especially cultured). Since the content of the schools and literary works was to be socialist, this all amounted to little more than Vaganian's socialist culture in national languages.","PeriodicalId":144494,"journal":{"name":"The Affirmative Action Empire","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124142265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"6. The Polities of National Cornmunism, 1923-1930","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501713323-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144494,"journal":{"name":"The Affirmative Action Empire","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131041242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Affirmative Action in the Soviet East, 1923-1932","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501713323-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323-008","url":null,"abstract":"Today, when Edward Said has turned \"orientalism\" into a universalIy recognized term and the inspiration for a burgeoning scholarly industry, nothing seems to us more characteristic of colonialism than the division of humankind into the arbitrary, essentialized, and hierarchical categories of east and west. It therefore seems odd that the Soviet Union, whose nationalities policy was explicitly formulated as a decolonizing measure, would not reject those categories and instead affirm the unity of mankind. In one sense, they did. The Bolsheviks' Marxist sociology led them to repudiate east and west as racial categories and to deny any long-term differences in the economic, social, or political capacities of alI nationalities. However, the east/west dichotomy was nevertheless preserved as a cultural distinction (one that could at times contain much of the content of the old racial divide). This was not, in fact, surprising. Indeed, nothing better illustrates the way in which the Affirmative Action Empire preserved imperial categories, while reversing their policy implications, than the maintenance and systematization of colonialism's east/west dichotomy. Since this division did in fact influence policy implementation, my analysis of korenizatsiia has likewise preserved this old dichotomy. In Chapter 3, 1 undertook a case study of linguistic korenizatsiia in Ukraine, which was the most important policy in the Soviet \"west.\" In this chapter, 1 analyze the most important policy in the Soviet \"east\": Affirmative Action, the practice of granting ·preferences to non-Russians in admissions, hiring, and promotion in education, industry, and government.1","PeriodicalId":144494,"journal":{"name":"The Affirmative Action Empire","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129646031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Note on Style","authors":"R. Vaughn","doi":"10.4337/9781849808385.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808385.00006","url":null,"abstract":"1 used the Library of Congress transliteration system for Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian, suppressing soft signs in proper names and with the usual exceptions for well-known names such as Trotsky. The cast of characters and places in this book covers dozens of languages, and it would be impossible to accurate1y name all non-Russians in their native languages. Therefore, 1 have used Russian names throughout for individuals' and place names, with the sole exception of several well-known Ukrainians. 1 have also used the contemporary place names rather than the emerging new ones, such as Kirgizia not Kyrgyzstan.","PeriodicalId":144494,"journal":{"name":"The Affirmative Action Empire","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122359586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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