International Journal on Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FROM PRECIPITATION IN THE STONY ATHI SUB-CATCHMENT, KENYA","authors":"Morris W. Mathenge, G. Gathuru, E. Kitur","doi":"10.47604/IJES.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/IJES.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Groundwater recharge is an important process for sustainable groundwater development and its quantification is a prerequisite for efficient management of groundwater resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scale and spatial-temporal variation of groundwater recharge from precipitation in the semi-arid Stony Athi sub-catchment. Methodology: A descriptive case study approach was used for the evaluation. WetSpass-M, a GIS physically based, spatially distributed watershed model was applied. The model integrates biophysical and climatic characteristics of a watershed to simulate the long term mean groundwater recharge. Grid maps of the sub-catchment characteristics were prepared from primary and secondary data using ArcMap. The model was applied for four periods, namely, 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2017. Besides the average groundwater recharge, other outputs of the model include surface run-off and actual evapotranspiration. The study was carried out between January and December 2018. Findings: Land cover in the Stony Athi sub-catchment is comprised of built-up area, agricultural land, grassland, shrub-land, mixed forest and bare land. Topography ranges from 1493 m to 2,082 m above sea level with a slope of between 0% and 30%. Soil types include sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and clay. The mean annual precipitation is about 634 mm while the potential evapotranspiration is about 1,490 mm. Annual temperature averages 19.0°C with a mean maximum of 25°C and a mean minimum of 12.7°C. The results of the simulation indicated that the long-term temporal and spatial average annual rainfall of 634 mm is distributed as 88 mm (14%) recharge, 77 mm (12%) surface runoff while 475 mm (75%) is lost through evapotranspiration. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study demonstrate the importance of physically-based spatially-distributed hydrological models in estimating the water balance. The study provides a theoretical basis for scientific, rational resource allocation and utilization as well as creating awareness of the need to enhance groundwater governance. Results from this study can be used as an input for building an integrated groundwater modelling and for evaluation of potential sites for managed artificial recharge through harvesting runoff to improve groundwater storage.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"131 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85626607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Emission Pattern of Compression Ignition Engines Fuelled With Blends of Orange Peel Oil Based Biodiesel Using Artificial Neural Network Model","authors":"Chukwuemeka Uguba Owora","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76673643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Micro Nutrients Bio- Fortification in Agriculture: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Adnan","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88434613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Prediction: Operational Hydrological Forecast with the Cetemps Hydrological Model (CHyM)","authors":"V. Colaiuda","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.24.556137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87481280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Speed Railways and the Environmental Sustainability: Realising the Potential","authors":"Labib Azzouz","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2020.24.556129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2020.24.556129","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of railways in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions is remarkable when compared with other transportation modes [1]. When compared with cars and flights, high-speed railways (HSR) offer an environmentally competitive alternative [2].","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"17-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79277717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of Two Halophytic Species to Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil in the Northern Western Region of Egypt","authors":"A. Abd-Elrahman","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2020.85794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2020.85794","url":null,"abstract":"A site that covers over 20 acres of coastal saline depression in the western Mediterranean coastal desert of Egypt (El-Hamra station, the main crude oil pipeline terminal in Alamein) is contaminated with petroleum. This area, prior to contamination by crude oil was dominated by different common halophytes. Atriplex halimus (L) and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) are now the most dominant species growing in this site. These species adapt themselves through different growth parameters, physiological and biochemical changes. Crude oil affects significantly on soil fertility and increasing pH (8.4). Importance value (IV), height and canopy diameter of the two studied species exhibited an increase in the polluted site. Organic metabolites such as fatty acids, antioxidant compounds and protein fractions in shoots of studied species which collected from the oil-contaminated and non-contaminated sites were examined. Fatty acid fractions exhibited the opposite performance especially the content of saturated C: 16 (palmitic), mono and di-unsaturated C18:1 (oleic) and C18:2 (linoleic) fatty acids as well as poly-unsaturated C18: 3 and C20: 3 (Omega -3 fatty acids). Antioxidant activity and most examined phenolic compounds were increased in A. macrostachyum which grow in a contaminated site. Protein fractions in A.halimus attained with enormous variations therefore, a Genomic Templet Stability (GTS %) was lower than in A. macrostachyum under contamination. The biochemical and behavioral responses to oil pollution varied with the two different species may be according to the genetic make-up of individuals, which make the two studied species useful and effective tools for phytoremediation purposes.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80168653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular investigation of Gamma irradiated Cladosporium herbarum and Trichoderma viride","authors":"Amany EL-Shafey","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2020.85797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2020.85797","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma viride and Cladosporium herbarum were isolated from clay soil and irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 kGy). The inhibitory effect on growth rate was dose dependent with maximum inhibition at 1.5 and 2 kGy for T. viride which showed no growth. On the other hand, T. viride which grown on a medium contained aqueous extract from C. herbarum (gcae) showed resistance than that of the wild one and exhibited growth rate of 0.22 mm / day at 2 kGy. Cladosporium herbarum showed resistance to gamma radiation with a growth rate of a 0.62 mm / day after irradiation with 2 kGy. This indicated the presence of resistant factor/s in the extract of Cladosporium herbarum which utilized by T. viride. Therefore, molecular studies were carried out to detect any variation in the investigated fungi. Molecular studies revealed the presence of 57 bands and 41 polymorphic bands with a total polymorphism percentage of 71.92%. The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 14 bands with polymorphism percentage of 73.68% for A01 primer, 16 polymorphic bands with polymorphism percentage of 84.21% for C02 to 11 bands with polymorphism percentage of 57.89% for B07 primer. Therefore, such average polymorphism might be due to the effect of different doses of gamma radiation. The study clearly showed the possibility of improving the capability of radiation sensitive fungi to be more resistant to radiation by growing them on extract from radiation resistant ones.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88117108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sulphonylurea Derivatives and Short Chain Fatty Acids on Expression of Incretins Hormone in living Animal Cells","authors":"Emad Gad, Atef Atef Gouda, M. Ghany, Nermin Raafat","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2020.85796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2020.85796","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary fibres are a type of carbohydrates that are found in plant-based foods. They are not absorbed or digested by the body but play an important role in maintaining good health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are metabolites formed by gut microbiota from these complex dietary carbohydrates. The formed acids have a role in the secretion of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide (GIP) that help the body to control diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot use it effectively. The hormones GLP-1 and GIP, which secreted after a meal, like other enteroendocrine hormones help to orchestrate the body's response to the availability of newly absorbable nutrients and are noteworthy, stimulate postprandial insulin secretion. This study clarifies the effects and the roles of organic compounds such as Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) and sulphonylurea derivatives on body glucose homeostasis and clarifies the effects of both SCFAs and sulphonylurea on incretin expression by investigating the expression of GLP-1 and GIP hormones in tissues and blood samples.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77023437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Deforestation and Forest Degradation Using CLASlite Approach (A Case Study from Maya Devi Collaborative Forest of Kapilvastu District, Nepal)","authors":"R. Kc","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79799056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Paper: Water Accounting Reporting System –WARS Framework from Concept to Implementation for Sustainable Water Management","authors":"A. Elmahdi","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556118","url":null,"abstract":"Four years since the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, UN-Water reports show the world is off track to achieve the water goal – the heart of the SDGs-, thus the same goes for all water related SDGs (only 10 years to harvest SDGs). Amid lots of highlights on what we need to do, governments must decide how to incorporate SDG 6 targets into national planning processes, policies and strategies and set their own targets, taking into account local circumstances and contexts including cultural. The SDGs anticipate substantial improvements in the efficiency, productivity and sustainability of water use; safe treatment and reuse of wastewater; integrated approaches to water management; and, the resilient food production systems. When well-adapted and well-implemented, water accounting provides countries and/or regions that face increasing water scarcity a sound and transparent basis for managing the scarce water resources and take actions to achieve relevant SDGs and other targets including evaluating water resources plan and developments.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77181453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}