International Journal on Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Green Manufacturing: A New Path toward Sustainable Industrialization in China","authors":"Limao Wang","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555722","url":null,"abstract":"No one can deny that in recent years the need to “save the planet” from global environmental deterioration has become one of the most pervasive issues of our time [1-4]. China, the second largest economy in the world, has an inescapable responsibility to protect the ecological environment of human beings [1]. China’s industrial economy with high growth has made remarkable achievements since the Policy of Reform and Opening up in 1978. But at the same time, the extensive growth mode of high consumption, high emission and low efficiency has brought a series of serious problems regarding resources, environment, ecology and social livelihood [2]. How to tackle the contradiction between economic growth and eco-environmental protection becomes a tough problem for China. That is to say, China is in desperate need for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants in industrial areas, achieving efficient, clean, lowcarbon, recycling and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78213808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Local Road Grades and Times-of-Day Traffic into Vehicle Specific Power Profiling for Urban Freeway Vehicle Emission Estimation","authors":"Heng Wei","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555721","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) is conventionally defined to represent the instantaneous vehicle engine power. It has been widely utilized that the impact of vehicle operating conditions on emission and energy consumption estimation is associated with vehicle speed, roadway grade and vehicle acceleration or deceleration on the basis of the second-by-second vehicle operation. VSP is hence incorporated as a key contributing factor into the vehicle emission models in MOVES. For practical application, however, it is always cumbersome to accurately profile VSP distribution by collecting and using localized grade and times-of-day traffic data. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the impacts of these factors on highway vehicle emission estimation. This paper presents a study in which previous studies are extended by deeply investigating the characteristics of VSP distributions and their impacts due to varying freeway grades, as well as time-of-day traffic factors. Statistical distribution models with a scope of bins is identified through a goodness of fit testing approach by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected from the interstate freeway I-75 segments in the Cincinnati area. The data was collected at a selected length of 30 km urban freeway for AM, PM and Mid-day periods. The datasets representing the vehicle operating conditions for the VSP calculation were then extracted from the GPS trajectory data. The results of distribution fitting show that the Wake by distribution is able to capture most distribution characteristics of VSP at all grade bins under a higher speed variation condition, and the generalized logistic distribution fits the sample data better at grade bins between -4% and 4%when the speed variation is lower. In addition, the speed variation lying behind the times-of-day differences is also identified to be a contributing factor of urban freeway VSP distribution. The enhanced understanding and modelling of VSP distribution by roadway grade provided by the study can facilitate the preparation of MOVES vehicle operating mode distribution inputs.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79449870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Relationship Between Aerosol Optical Depth, PM10 and Visibility in Separation of Synoptic Codes, As Important Parameters in Researches Connected to Aerosols; Using Genetic Algorithm in Yazd","authors":"Gholamali Mozafari","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555720","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is closely related to PM10 (mass concentration of particulate matter with aero dynamical diameter less than 10 μm) and visibility; and all of these three parameters are so important and useful to studies connected to aerosols, troposphere dust, air pollution and atmospheric radiation budget. This study analyzed the mathematic relations between AOD, PM10 and visibility whit separation of 05, 06 and 07 synoptic conditions; whit using evolutional Genetic Algorithm. The area’s case study has been Yazd city as representative of central of Iran for 5 years (2011-2015). The aim of this analysis has been to reach relations that can estimate lack quantities of mentions data parameters from another existence data whit the least error. To attain these mathematic relations, liner regression equation and several kind of famous function has been comparison; which the Polynomial function selected as the best fitness function. The conclusion of this study was four function based on polynomial liner model with 95% confidence bounds that presented. These presented equations are for estimate AOD from PM10 and visibility quantities in general condition; and in 05, 06 and 07 synoptic codes separations.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86400120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment Pollution- Macro and Micro Effects","authors":"Pk Keshap","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2017.07.555723","url":null,"abstract":"When environment cannot destroy is element without harming or damaging itself is referred to environment pollution. Alternatively, it can be said that nature is not capable to decompose an element that has affected it in an unnatural way. The destroying process may vary from some days to thousands of years (as is the case of radioactive pollutants). Environment pollution is a serious problem facing the inhabitants of planet Earth. It is an absolute need for life to exist on the planet as water and air if polluted beyond tolerable limit can cause extinction of inhabitants of planet [1]. Governments and the NGOs should take environment pollution management seriously and cooperate with UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) for improving the air and water pollution globally.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78851622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The digital circular economy : can the digital transformation pave the way for resource-efficient materials cycles?","authors":"Claas Henning Wilts, Holger Berg","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555725","url":null,"abstract":"Germany's waste management system is one of the world's most advanced - its primary objective is to dispose of waste in a way that is safe for both people and the environ- ment. However, only about 14 per cent of the raw materials used in industry are derived from recycling processes; the remainder are still sourced from primary materials. The circular economy is not yet being implemented on a large enough scale. Recyclates or recycled materials, i.e. secondary raw materials recovered from waste, are being fed back into production and usage processes at volumes that are far below what is possible. If this system were to be improved, loss of value, dependence on volatile commodity markets, lower resource productivity, and externalities in the form of environmental pollution could be avoided. A drive towards digitalisation in industry and the waste management sector could make this happen. A study by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) indicates that no other lead market in the environmental sector stands to benefit from digitalisation more than the circular economy - and that, at the same time, no sector has ever been so poorly positioned.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87691552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change: Worst Is Ahead","authors":"Baadr Alam Iqbal","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81805811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Temperature and Rainfall Patterns of Uttarakhand","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555716","url":null,"abstract":"Nested in the lap of mighty Himalayas, the Indian state of Uttarakhand is climatologically very sensitive and ecologically fragile. Owing to its natural beauty, religious tone and rich biological succession the state is known as ‘Land of Gods’ and ‘land of austerity.’ However, increasing population pressure is posing a great challenge to the natural harmony of this vulnerable state. During recent years the state has recorded a significant increase in climatological disasters and for that the humanogenic enhancement of regional atmospheric entropy is being seen as the cause. Present paper analyses temperature and rainfall changes that the state has witnessed during the last century. The study is mainly based on the district temperature and rainfall series of 102 years obtained from India Meteorological Department. The analysis reveals that the state has recorded a significant increase in temperature while the volume of rainfall it receives annually, has declined during the course of the last century. The monthly changes show that the state is losing its seasonal contrast, and while winter months are becoming warmer, monsoon months are losing their heat and also the quantum of rainfall.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78453279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transpiration/Evaporation Ratio in Prunus Fremontii and Marianna 2624 over a 4-Day Period of Drought","authors":"R. Bianco, R. Mark","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85694247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Environmental Salt Stress on Plants and the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance","authors":"Wenbo Li","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555714","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic environmental stresses can negatively impact plant growth and productivity. Soil salinity is one of the major environment limitations on plant yield and distribution. In this article, we review the damage that environmental salt stress has on plants and how plant tolerates salt stress on the molecular level. We discussed multiple signalling and listed some pathways with certain members identified elements and some of the several common salt tolerance determinants. We examined the effect of salinity stress on plant development by reviewing the intracellular metabolic processes with excessive Na+ and Cl-. Salt stress affects every aspect of plant development, inhibits the growth of the plant, reduces the fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf, decreases the expansion of leaf and changes the morphology of the leaf. It also suppresses photosynthesis and affects the ion homeostasis in plants, causing an imbalance of metabolism and oxidative stress. We also reviewed the molecular mechanism of plant salt stress tolerance in the form of the regulation of multiple physical and biochemical response, including the salt overly sensitive pathway, MAPK signal pathway, as well as other protein kinase and abscisic acid mediation. All in all, today’s research elevates our understanding of plant salt-resistance mechanisms to an unprecedented level. And yet, further studies on more elements of the signalling pathways are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of plant stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90722130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Pre Treatment Techniques for Extraction of Fermentable Sugars from Natural Waste Materials for Bio Ethanol Production","authors":"P. Das","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555713","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of traditional/domestic fuel is increasing day by day. Bio ethanol, a non-conventional source of energy is a solution to this problem. India stands second in sugarcane production worldwide, so a huge amount of agriculture waste residue is produced. This study presents the extraction and analytical estimation of cellulose and hemi cellulose of sugarcane bagasse and extraction of soluble sugars from it for bio ethanol production. At first samples were prepared and analysed for bulk density moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content and calorific value. Cellulose and hemi cellulose estimated after the treatments suggested their efficient extraction from the sugarcane bagasse. Different pre treatment technique are performed to increase the amount of fermentable sugars and to decrease the lignin content present in bagasse. Then the pre-treated bagasse is placed for enzyme hydrolysis followed by fermentation to produce bio ethanol. The result suggested that waste bagasse can be used as a renewable source of energy for bio ethanol/bio fuel production in an environmentally sustainable and economically viable way.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77939823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}