International Letters of Natural Sciences最新文献_第2页

Seasonal and Annual Probabilistic Forecasting of Water Levels in Large Lakes (Case Study of the Ladoga Lake) 大湖水位的季节和年度概率预测（以拉多加湖为例）

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.13

N. V. Myakisheva, E. Gaidukova, S. V. Shanochkin, A. A. Batmazova

{"title":"Seasonal and Annual Probabilistic Forecasting of Water Levels in Large Lakes (Case Study of the Ladoga Lake)","authors":"N. V. Myakisheva, E. Gaidukova, S. V. Shanochkin, A. A. Batmazova","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.13","url":null,"abstract":"The production functions of water-dependent sectors of the economy can include the water level in the lake as a natural resource. This characteristic must be able to reliably predict for the effective functioning of sectors of the economy. In the article the main attention is paid to the methods of forecasting based on the extrapolation of natural variations of the large lakes water level. As an example, is considered. In this paper, it is assumed that the level varies accordingly to a stochastic multi-cycle process with principal energy-containing zones in frequency bands associated with seasonal and multi-annual variations. Hence, the multi-year monthly and yearly averaged time series are represented by the ARIMA (auto-regression integrated moving average) processes. Forecasts are generated by using of the seasonal ARIMA-models, which take into account not only the seasonal but also the evolution non-stationarity. To compare the forecasts and the actual values, the relative errors are computed. It is shown that implementation of the models mainly allows receiving good and excellent forecasts. Subject Classification Numbers: UDC 556.555.2.06(4)","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pollutant Removal from Sewage in Tropical Climate by Constructed Wetland System: An Asset for Irrigation 人工湿地系统在热带气候下去除污水中的污染物：灌溉资产

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.20

B. Usharani, N. Vasudevan

{"title":"Pollutant Removal from Sewage in Tropical Climate by Constructed Wetland System: An Asset for Irrigation","authors":"B. Usharani, N. Vasudevan","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.20","url":null,"abstract":"In the global outlook, letting of untreated sewage in existing river bodies deteriorates the water quality. The seepage likely depreciates the quality of ground water too. The quality of groundwater with special reference to India has tremendously gone down in the past twenty years leading to sour taste. On the other hand, agriculture sector is deprived of water in many places of India. A solution can be arrived concurrently by treating sewage and consuming the effluent in agricultural sector. First order kinetics was applied in constructed wetland system at different flow rates and optimised. At optimised HLR, effluent met the standards of discharge that can be utilized for agricultural/ irrigational purpose. The emanating major pollutants can be effectively treated using constructed wetland system under tropical climate. A few clippings at the onsite treatment illustrated the diversity of species thus adjoining sustainable biodiversity and treatment. Thus in tropical countries like India, constructed wetland system might pave solution not only for the treatment of sewage but in deploying the effluent in agricultural sector. A clean ecosystem can be achieved with sustainability.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41656471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between Nematodes and some Soil Properties in the Rhizosphere of Banana Plants 香蕉根际线虫与某些土壤性质的关系

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.1

Amal Ahmed, Mohammed I. Alghamdi

{"title":"Relationship between Nematodes and some Soil Properties in the Rhizosphere of Banana Plants","authors":"Amal Ahmed, Mohammed I. Alghamdi","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.82.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes are plant-parasitic organisms that cause alterations in the chemical and physical environment of soils. This study investigates the relationship between nematode occurrence and some soil parameters. The results showed that the proportion of nematodes in soil was negatively correlated with soil pH (r2= 0.89); however, it increased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (r2 = 0.95), soil moisture (SM) (r2 = 0.60), and organic matter (OM) content (r2= 0.78). A positive correlation was found between the proportion of nematodes in the roots and the amount of coarse sand, while a negative correlation existed between the proportion of nematodes and the amount of fine sand, clay, and silt. The degree of colonization by nematodes increased with increasing coarse sand content (r2= 0.91). Conversely, the soil nematode population decreased with increasing fine sand content (r2= 0.83), clay (r2= 0.80), and silt content (r2= 0.97). The nematode population in banana roots correlated with soil phosphorus (r2 = 0.88), potassium (r2 = 69), calcium (r2 = 0.78), and magnesium levels (r2=0.78). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between nitrogen concentration and the nematode population in banana roots (r2=0.76). Overall, the population of nematodes in soil affects its pH, EC, SM, and OM content.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Diversity and Abundance of Butterfly (Lepidoptera) Fauna in Kalaimahal College Campus, Sembanarkoil, Tranqubar Taluk, Tamil Nadu 泰米尔纳德邦Tranqubar Taluk Sembanarkoil Kalaimahal学院校园蝴蝶（鳞翅目）区系的多样性和丰富度

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.1

Joothi Pillai Paramanandham, Kaliyaperumal Krishnappa, K. Kabilan, Selvaraj Sathishkumar

{"title":"Diversity and Abundance of Butterfly (Lepidoptera) Fauna in Kalaimahal College Campus, Sembanarkoil, Tranqubar Taluk, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Joothi Pillai Paramanandham, Kaliyaperumal Krishnappa, K. Kabilan, Selvaraj Sathishkumar","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.1","url":null,"abstract":"Butterflies are the sensitive insects which react quickly to any kind of disturbances like changes in the habitat quality and environmental variation. Apart from pollinators they play a major key role in food chain, being prey for birds, reptiles, spiders and predatory insects. It is one of the most important assemblages of insects that act as biodiversity indicators as well as nature’s gardeners. The objective of the present survey is focussed on the assessment of the diversity and abundance of butterfly conservation priorities in the study area. A total of 33 species of butterflies under 5 families and 26 genera were recorded during from December 2017 to February 2017 in the Kalimahal College campus, Sembarnarkoil, Tharangambadi Taluk. Nymphalidae was recorded as the most dominant family in terms of number of species (13) and number of genera (9), followed by Pieridae 8 species (6 genera), Lycaenidae 6 species (5 genera), Hesperiidae 3 species (3 genera), and Papilionidae 3 species (2 genera). Species richness (25), Simpson diversity index (0.7206) and Shannon ‘H’ index (1.783) were high in the month of December 2017. Simultaneously the Dominance index (0.6634) and Species Evenness (0.2871) were high in the month of February 2018. The outcomes of the present study highlight the importance of institutional campuses as a preferred habitat for butterflies. If the landscaping and maintenance of gardens are cautiously planned, the diversity of butterflies may increase in college campus providing a rich ground for butterfly conservation as well as for research.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes 遮荫对可可幼苗小气候条件、杂草多样性、开花和产量的影响

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.31

I. Famuwagun, S. Agele

{"title":"Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes","authors":"I. Famuwagun, S. Agele","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.31","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted in 2015/2018 in two cacao plots established in 2012 and 2013 in Akure, Nigeria to investigate micro-climate conditions, weed densities, flowering and yield of cacao as affected by shade regimes. Established cacao plots under three plantain (Musa spp) shade regimes consisting of No-shade, Moderate and Dense shade were used. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), weed population and species diversity, cacao flowering and pod production were measured. From the results, air and soil temperature measurements under No-shade plots had a significantly higher mean values (32°C) and soil (28°C) compared with moderately shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26.5°C] and densely shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26°C] plots in2015 and 2016 measurements but under 2017 measurements, no significant difference in the soil temperature of the plots under dense shade, moderate and the no-shade which were ascribed to canopy close-up of the cacao that led to reduced transmitted light through the canopy to the understories species. The vigour of weeds under no-shade plots were significantly higher compared with dense and moderately shaded plots. In 2013 established cacao plot, flower production was higher significantly in no-shade compared with those in moderate and dense shaded cacao plots in 2015 and 2016 measurement. Pod production under No-shade were significantly higher compared with other treatments in 2016 and 2017. Cherelle wilt rate was higher in shaded plots compared with the no-shade plots. Pod yield parameters were significantly higher under No-shade plots compared with shaded treatments during the three years of data measurement. Air temperature between 30°C to 33.7°C during flowering and fruit/pod setting was found to have positive influence on bean yield in cacao. The study concluded that excessive shade decreases yield of cocoa, while increases in temperature and relative humidity boosts some physiological processes for pod production in Cocoa","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41399427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic Changes in Phenolic Compounds in Buds during and after Dormancy Releasing in early and late (Malus sylvestris, Mill) Apple Varieties as Effected by Chilling Requirements 低温条件对苹果早、晚品种休眠释放前后芽中酚类物质代谢的影响

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.13

M. El-Yazal

{"title":"Metabolic Changes in Phenolic Compounds in Buds during and after Dormancy Releasing in early and late (Malus sylvestris, Mill) Apple Varieties as Effected by Chilling Requirements","authors":"M. El-Yazal","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.13","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the relation between seasonal changes in phenolic compounds and flower opining date according to chilling requirements. The early and late-opining apple varieties, Barkhar, Local and Strakhan (Malussylvestris) were used. This study investigated variations in chilling requirements, bud burst and development in early and late varieties of apple trees. Results showed less bud burst in late varieties than in early ones. In the former, there were increased in phenolic compounds (conjugated and total phenols) at budburst in all varieties. As dormancy begins, free phenols are increased, coinciding with a reduction in the levels of conjugated phenols. Consequently, as dormancy breaks, these free phenols are conjugate with organic constituents, and a decrease in the concentrations of free phenols occurs, in order to reduce inhibitory effect on growth. We conclude that late varieties (Strakhan) are less economical in manufacturing new growth, as indicated by less bud vigor at budburst than early varieties (Barkhar and local) and show a marked differential phenols compound pattern throughout bud development compared to early varieties.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Economic and Toxicological Aspects of Pesticide Management Practices: Empirical Evidence from Turkey 农药管理实践的经济和毒理学方面：来自土耳其的经验证据

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.23

H. Yılmaz

{"title":"Economic and Toxicological Aspects of Pesticide Management Practices: Empirical Evidence from Turkey","authors":"H. Yılmaz","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.81.23","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the economics and toxicological aspects of pesticide management practices for sustainable chickpea production. The results of this study demonstrated that the average usage of pesticides is 877.30 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the chickpea growing. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides were calculated to be 1.50 g, 638.80 g, and 237.00 g, respectively. Fungicides are the biggest pesticide group used with 72.81% of total weight of active ingredients. It was calculated that the crop protection cost was EUR 75.65 per hectare, having the portion of 12 % of average production cost. The study revealed that the most common pesticides used by the farmers in chickpea growing were moderately hazardous and non-acute hazard categories. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government should carry out effective agro-environmental intervention policies and farmer extension programs should be aimed at balancing the amounts of pesticides used per hectare for the sustainable, dynamic environment and prevention of pesticide toxicity. Keywords: chickpea, pesticide practices, economic, toxicological, Turkey","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46409960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reproductive Phenology and Size Structure Characteristics of Hypseleotris agilis (Herre, 1927) in Lake Mainit, Philippines 菲律宾美因尼特湖的小偃麦草(Hypseleotris agilis, Herre, 1927)的繁殖物候和大小结构特征

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.35

J. Jumawan, Paula Marie Hidalgo, R. Seronay

{"title":"Reproductive Phenology and Size Structure Characteristics of Hypseleotris agilis (Herre, 1927) in Lake Mainit, Philippines","authors":"J. Jumawan, Paula Marie Hidalgo, R. Seronay","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.35","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hypseleotris agilis locally known as Bugwan is a native species and one of the most abundant fishes of commercial value in Lake Mainit, Philippines. A total of 1,584 H. agilis from Lake Mainit near the mouth of Kalinawan and Puyo River were caught from May 2018 to February 2019 to determine the length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of this species. Positive allometric growth was observed for both sexes (b>3). Sex ratio indicated the dominance of males over females as much as 58.7%. The number of ripe males and gravid females was observed throughout the months of the collection, which indicates the ability of the fish species to spawn continuously throughout the year. Determination of GSI in both sexes showed higher values during November (males) and December (females). However, HSI values were relatively low during the spawning season, which would indicate the usage of energy for gonadal maturation. The K factor showed high values during the peak spawning months, directly proportional to GSI values. This study provides updated information for management and conservation of this important fishery resource in Lake Mainit.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67603948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Identification of Huperzia Species Collected in Some Different Areas in Vietnam by Molecular Markers 利用分子标记评价越南不同地区石杉属植物的遗传多样性及鉴定

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.13

Tran Thi Thu Ha, T. Khanh, K. H. Trung

引用次数: 2

Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria 尼日利亚南部Abraka轴Ethiope河沉积物、水和鱼类样品中有机氯农药的初步研究

IF 0.3

International Letters of Natural Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.1

O. Edjere, J. Ukpebor, Samuel Emebu, F. Okieimen

{"title":"Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria","authors":"O. Edjere, J. Ukpebor, Samuel Emebu, F. Okieimen","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.1","url":null,"abstract":"Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants, including DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, Aldrin, heptachlor, HCH as well as some of their isomers were determined in water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River in Southern Nigeria. Twenty organochlorine pesticides were detected in both seasons from October 2012 – September 2013. Results revealed ∑HCH to be 0.620µg/L (water), 33 ng/g (sediment) and 29.00 ng/g (fish) for the rainy season while concentrations of 0.170 µg/L (water), 14 ng/g (sediment) and 28.00 ng/g (fish) were obtained for the dry season. 0.05–0.15 ng/g for aldrin, 0.12–5.8 ng/g for dieldrin, 0.22–0.64 ng/g for endrin, 0.24–6.37 ng/g for endosulfan and 0.21–8.81 ng/g for ΣDDT (p, p` -DDD, p, p` -DDE, p, p` -DDT). Among the OCPs, ∑HCH, endosulfan and PDDT were the most dominant compounds in the river sediments. γ- HCH was the most frequent detected compound in all the samples from this river. Among the cyclodiene compounds, aldrin was in abundance in most of the sediments, water and fish samples. γ-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB contributed this highest value for the water, sediment and fish sample respectively in the rainy season while aldrin, endrin and HCB were the highest contributors to the ΣOCPs to the mean of water, sediment and fish respectively. Hazard quotient and bioaccumulation analysis carried out on the fish sample revealed that the fishes were heavily contaminated with values >1 for both seasons which possess a possibility for ecological concern.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49196737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1