{"title":"Characterizing Maize Genotypes for Salt Tolerance Using Morphological and Ionic Traits at Seedling Stage","authors":"S. S. Hussain, M. Rasheed, Z. I. Ahmed, G. Jilani","doi":"10.56431/p-03pzu8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56431/p-03pzu8","url":null,"abstract":"Maize crop is the third most important cereal crop, mostly grown for food, feed and fodder purpose. In spite of the fact the crop is susceptible to salt stress but exhibits a considerable genotypic variability for salt tolerance. The present study was carried out to determine to which extent the maize genotypes with contrasting morphological traits respond to salt stress. Seven days old seedlings of thirty maize genotypes were exposed to NaCl stress of EC less than 4 (control), equal to 8 and 12 dS m-1 for further 28 days in a temperature controlled greenhouse. The salt stress imposition was completed in two increments every other day from the date of planting. At the age of 35 days, the seedlings were evaluated for contrasting morphological traits. The genotypes exhibited considerable variations for each of the 10 measured morphological and ionic traits. PCA was employed to identify the most suitable morphological trait to be used as selection criterion for salt tolerance. Based on the PCA results, dry shoot weight (DSW) was used to classify thirty maize genotypes into salt-tolerant-T, moderately tolerant-MT and salt sensitive-S groups. Two (2) out of thirty genotypes i.e. SB-9617 and FH-949 had the highest average of percent dry shoot weight (PDSW) values > 70% were classified as salt tolerant (T). The fifteen (15) genotypes showed average of PDSW values in the range of 55-69.9 % were classified as moderately tolerant (MT) by indicating the sequence order of salt tolerance as YH-1898 > MMRI-yellow > S-2002 > FH-988 > FH-1292 > HC-12 > MS-2018 > NCEV-1270-7 > Pahari > Pearl White > FH-1114 > NCEV-1270-3 > Iqbal > NCEV-1297 > DK-6724. However, thirteen (13) out of total thirty (30) genotypes attained the average PDSW values <55% were classified as salt sensitive (S) following the sequence order as NCEV-1530-9 > Composite > FRI-22 > Azam > MS-2015 > P-1543 > Neelum > Afgoi > Malka-2016 > MS-1501 > HNG > NCEV-1270-5 > NCEV-7004. It was also noticed that the declared salt tolerance was positively correlated with dry shoot weight (DSW), shoot length (SL), stem diameter (SD), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry roots weight (DRW), root length (RL), leaf area per plant (LA), number of leaves per plant (NL) and K+/Na+ ratio. The highest positive Pearson correlation coefficients were determined in LA vs SD (r=0.900), DSW vs SD (r=0.899), SL vs DSW (r=0.891), SL vs FSW (r=0.890) and DSW vs FSW (r=0.887). Additionally, the salt tolerant (T) group of genotypes maintained higher K+/Na+ ratios compared to moderately tolerant (MT) and salt sensitive (S) groups. The results clearly showed that dry shoot weight (DSW) could be viable option to classify maize genotypes into different salt tolerance groups and to identify the most suited and best adapted salt tolerant genotype for cultivation in saline soils. Furthermore, this scientific information could help the plant scientists to improve and develop the new salt tolerant cultivar.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43893368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahbaz Khan, M. Khan, D. Ibrar, S. Irshad, Nabila Rashid, Madad Ali
{"title":"Performance of Test Crosses of Maize Variety Sarhad White with Jalal and Kiramat for Morphological Traits","authors":"Shahbaz Khan, M. Khan, D. Ibrar, S. Irshad, Nabila Rashid, Madad Ali","doi":"10.56431/p-d2a433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56431/p-d2a433","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar to evaluate the performance of maize inbred lines derived from maize variety Sarhad White regarding grain yield and morphological traits and identifying superior inbred lines based on test cross performance. Test crosses were evaluated in replicated trial along with two tester, one check and 16 parental inbred lines for comparison in a 7×7 partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Results revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits. Jalal TC-230-a and TC-63-1 took the maximum days to tasseling and Jalal TC-101-2 showed maximum days to anthesis. Maximum day to silking and anthesis silking interval were recorded in Jalal TC-94. Maximum plant height was observed in Jalal TC-33 (164.5 cm) and Kiramat TC-9-6-1 (141.50 cm). Maximum 100 kernal weight was recorded in Jalal TC-101-2 (40.55 g). Kiramat TC-89-b produced the highest grain yield (6808 kg ha-1). From these results, it can be concluded that Kiramat TC-89-b, having highest yield, could be promoted for further selfing. Jalal TC-9-6, TC-9-6-1, TC-12-1, TC-63-1, TC-76-2b, TC-89b, TC-163, TC-205, TC-230a, TC-211 and Kiramat TC-9-6, TC-9-6-1, TC-12-1, TC-33, TC-76-2b, TC-89b, TC-94, TC-101-2, 150-c, TC-163, TC-230-a, 205, 211, 226-2 in addition to having satisfactory grain yield could be used for selfing. Among parental lines (selfed lines) 9-6-1, 9-6, 10-2, 226-2, 33, 63-1, 76-2, 163, 89-b, 205 and 211 were promising for grain yield and morphological traits.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responses of Okra and Soil Microbial Population Changes to the Application of Tithonia Manure\u0000 ","authors":"Tajudeen Akinrinola, I. Nwagboso, O. Fagbola","doi":"10.56431/p-8l2von","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56431/p-8l2von","url":null,"abstract":"Yield reduction in okra production is mostly associated with cultivation of marginal lands or continuous land cultivation. Hence, the need for sustainable approach to resuscitating soil fertility through Tithonia diversifolia manure application may alter microbial population. Two soil depths [Topsoil (0-15 cm) and Subsoil (15-30 cm)], three levels of Tithonia manure applications (control, half recommended and recommended at 120 kg N/ha) and three okras varieties (Clemson spineless, LD88 and NHAe 47-4) were evaluated in completely randomized design replicated thrice. Soil bacterial and fungal colonies were higher in the topsoil compared to the subsoil and increased with increase in level of tithonia manure application under topsoil, while the inverse was observed under subsoil condition for bacteria colony-forming units and mycorrhizal spore count. Under topsoil, LD88 variety treated with recommended rate of tithonia manure had the highest biomass dry matter (79.4 g). Significantly higher leaf area (395.92 mm2) and biomass dry matter (66.89 g) were produced by NHAe 47-4 and Clemson spineless treated with recommended rate of tithonia manure compared to their respective controls (181.37 mm2 and 29.63 g) under subsoil. Varieties LD88 and Clemson spineless combined with recommended rates of tithonia manure were suggested for topsoil and subsoil conditions, respectively.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47298493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}