International Journal of Waste Resources最新文献

{"title":"Factors Influencing Waste Generation in Buildings Project in South-West, Nigeria","authors":"S. Tongo, Oluwatayo Aa, Adeboye Ba","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.371","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to assess the factors influencing waste generation in buildings project in southwestern, Nigeria. The study randomly sampled 261 professionals through a questionnaire survey. Tables and figures were used to present the collected data and ranking and percentage were used to analyze the data collected. It was revealed that Design (Frequent design changes and poor design) lack of early contractor involvement, last-minute client requirement, engagement of inexperience designer, undefined project brief, poor design quality are the most important factors that influence l waste generation during buildings project. It was recommended that site operatives and craft men should be equipped with waste minimization knowledge, they should carry along in every management decision regarding waste management plan development as a major player on sites.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80633314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Technologies to Serve Waste to Energy Conversion","authors":"Rafey A, Prabhat K, M. Samar","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.372","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand of energy has led to a chaos among the existing energy sources whether it may be thermal, nuclear, hydro or solar power. Hence, it becomes important for an alternate, feasible and sustainable energy source. Municipal solid waste (MSW) serves as an efficient and reliable option for the conversion of waste to energy since long. But the problem exists with the conversion technology which imposes restriction on its use. This paper discusses the different conversion technologies which include incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and biomethanation. The technologies are compared on various physical and chemical parameters with keen interest on environmental sustainability of the waste to energy (WtE) system. The evaluation results reveal that the biological methods are best suited for the waste to energy conversion with least degradation of the environment. Other methods such as incineration, pyrolysis and gasification are quite efficient and give a high yield but they harm the environment in the form of harmful gaseous emissions which certainly lead to global warming and greenhouse effect. This study can overall contribute to the development of more efficient and specific WtE technology which would help lower the MSW reaching the landfills generating cleaner energy to serve the future generation.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79984672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Lidocaine and Tramadol Premedication in Attenuating Propofol Injection Pain at Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital of Ethiopia: A comparative Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Metages Hunie, Mulualem Sitot, Wosenyeleh Ademasu, Efrem Fenta, Amanu Gashaw, Diriba Teshome","doi":"10.35248/2155-6148.20.11.979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6148.20.11.979","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Propofol is a widely used drug for the induction of anesthesia and often causes severe, sharp, stinging, or burning pain on the injection that can be distressing to the patient. Premedication with opioids, lidocaine, slow injection, and using a large vein for injection has been tried to combat the problem though there is controversy. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine and Tramadol in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on Propofol injection for the adult elective surgical patient in Tikur Anbessa Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia from February 1, 2018-March 30, 2018. G.C. Materials and Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 156 patients divided into two groups of 78. Participants who were 18-60 years old, underwent general anesthesia, and induced with Propofol as well as premedicated with lidocaine or Tramadol were included in the study. Patient interviews, chart review, and pretested questionnaires were employed for data collection. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively. P-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.. Result: The incidence of propofol injection pain after pretreatments with lidocaine (n=78) was 23.1% and the incidence of propofol injection pain after pretreatments with tramadol (n=78) was 34.6% with a p-value of 0.112. The severity of pain expressed in the median and interquartile range of NRS score was 0 (0-2.25) in lidocaine and 0 (0-3) in tramadol group which was comparable between lidocaine and tramadol group with no statistically significant difference between two groups with (P=0.669). Conclusion: Both Lidocaine and tramadol might reduce the incidence and severity of Propofol injection pain. Anesthetists should consider the use of both lidocaine and tramadol as pretreatment for the attenuation of propofol injection pain.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82611733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic Waste Recycling Practice in Natore District, Bangladesh","authors":"Rahman Mm, Shafkath Es, R. Ma","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.392","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to find out the plastic waste recycling practice in Natore District as it has become the biggest concern for the environment. A questionnaire-based survey at 11 shops was conducted in 4 upazila of Natore district. The study found that the there are three types of plastic waste is being recycled or processed in Natore area which are pet bottles (PB), hard plastic processed (HP 1) and hard plastic non-processed (HP2). The collection shops size is around 3777 ± 2160 sq/ft in whereas the processing shops size is 13513 ± 7686 sq/ft. On average 6 people work in each type of shops, aged from 20 to 35 years and women are less involved in this sector. Worker mostly earned 270 BDT on average pay day. Collection shops collect 1400 ± 70.72 kg (1.54 ton) and processing shops collect 970 ± 29.86 kg (1.069 ton) plastic waste every week that contributes 0.14 % of the total plastic waste recycled in Bangladesh. Price of the products is a bit unstable. However, in general PB, HP1 and HP2 are bought 10-12 20-30 and 5-7 BDT/kg respectively and sold to industry on 17-18, 45-50, 10 BDT/kg respectively, for final recycle.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79683752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Drainages Effecting for People in their Day to Day Life and Drainage Wastage Effecting the River in Theni District","authors":"Amudha Ondiveerappan","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.20.10.380","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is considering the drainage coming into the rivers and affecting people’s lives in Theni district, India. The Varaha (Varahanadhi) is a small river that flows through the town of Periyakulam in Theni district of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It joins the Vaigai River near Marugalpatti. In today’s time the the Varaha river, once considered sacred, is fast becoming an open drain since the drainage water had been diverted to it. The Panchayat Union waste and Municipality waste has been directed to the river. People living along the banks complain of mosquitoes and presenting with sicknesses. They require closed drainages to prevent getting sick. Indian officials have said that to consider with an alternate drainage system to be created at the cost of about Rupees twenty-six crores. Survey and questions to the people living near this open drainage complained that the Indian officials had taken surveys, and nothing has been done so far, considering the money has been paid.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87074987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pretreatment on the Biogas Production from Energy Plant Using Batch Reactor","authors":"Nagendra Kumar, D. Pant","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.365","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed study aims at biogas potential estimation of sugar beet using different total solid concentration and pretreatment methods. The effect of alkali (Sodium hydroxide), acid (Hydrochloric acid) and mechanical (particle size reduction) pretreatment of sugar beet over un-pretreated substrate have been investigated for the potential of biogas production using biphasic continuous bio digester–TEAM (TERI’s Enhanced Acidification and Methanation) process (50 kg/day capacity) developed by TERI+. The estimation of biogas potential of sugar beet has also been studied in single phase batch digester (2 L capacity) using three different Total Solids (TS) concentration viz. 5%, 7.5% and 10%. However the effect of particle size reduction was also studied in two phase digester. The biogas yield from single phase batch digester fed with 5% TS, 7.5% TS, 10% TS, were recorded as 44 m3/ton, 58 m3/ton, 57 m3/ton of substrate fed respectively whereas the yield from un-pretreated, HCl (6%; v/v) pretreated and NaOH (1%; w/v) pretreated sugar beet are, 72 m3/ton, 60 m3/ton and 61 m3/ton respectively. The biogas yield from mechanically pulverized is estimated to be 90 m3/ton which is 25% more than not pretreated substrate that too in Total Hydraulic Time (HRT) of less than six days.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73728805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Possibility of Using Recycled Industrial Wastewater Instead of Potable Water in Concrete Mixture","authors":"Amir Hossein Askariyeh","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.362","url":null,"abstract":"Iran is located in the Middle East with a population of approximately 81 million people (2017). The Middle East in general and Iran in particular are located in an arid region of the world. Iran has a chronic shortage of water. It is estimated there is some form of drought in 97 percent of the country. In an 8-month period (September 23, 2017-May 21, 2018) the country has received 151.5 millimeters of rain while the long-term averages are 214.6 millimeters which indicates a 29-perecnt drop in mean precipitation nationwide. The driving factors behind water shortages are numerous. Some are natural and others man-made. One of the biggest factors is population growth. The population of Iran doubled between 1976 and 2001, going from 33 million to 66 million Iranians. The population is still rising, and currently stands at over 80 million people. And as this figure rises, the volume of renewable water resources available per capita drops. It is already critically low. 35% of the populations are living in areas experiencing water shortages and droughts. Global warming is contributing to bodies of water drying out, and the problem is expected to worsen as climate change increases. The socio-economic changes happening alongside this exacerbate the problem. Fresh water is a precious commodity here. Population and economic growth has increased the demand for fresh water in the region. Limited supply and increased demand has created a challenge for governments and construction industry. Therefore this article is investigating the possibility of using alternative sources of water with the aim of reducing the demand for the limited supply of fresh water. Ibrahim al Ghusain and his Colleague used car wash wastewater on investigate effect of reusing wastewater in concrete mixture in different situation as Temperature and long term and varying degrees of treatment on compressive strength and they found that territory treated car wash wastewater has more compressive strength than others [1]. In another case Shahiron Shahidana and his colleagues worked on effect of reusing car wash wastewater in different quantity for measuring, tensile strength and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and compressive strength of concrete. In this paper was shown the optimum percentage of car wash wastewater as fresh water replacement in concrete mixes is 20% [2]. For the purpose of the article recycled industrial wastewater from an industrial park in the city of Yazd of Iran was used in mixing concrete and its effect on compressive strength of concrete was analyzed. Concrete samples for testing purposes were mixed using ordinary Portland cement and common aggregate used in concrete work for general construction purposes. Samples were prepared according to ASTM standard of C 192 and after curing in the laboratoryenvironment for different periods they were crushed to determine the compressive strength. In this experiment test results indicated that all samples prepared with treated industria","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89370444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Wastes for Biogas Production in Single Chamber and Double Chamber Reactors","authors":"A. Jalil, Santosh Karmaker, Samiul Basar, Shamsul Hoque","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.369","url":null,"abstract":"The compositions of solid wastes of a rural market of Bangladesh and the results of two sets of laboratory experiments on biogas generation from the easily biodegradable wastes under daily feed condition are presented in this paper. Cow dung, cauliflower stick, papaya and potato were the major biodegradable wastes. Daily average composition of the biodegradable wastes was used in the experiments. The average Total Solids (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS) concentrations of the raw substrate were determined as 18.90% and 15.10% respectively. The experimental setups were placed in a large closed chamber containing two room heaters. The room heaters were operated alternatively at 35°C to maintain a favorable condition for anaerobic digestion of the substrate. In the first setup, a single chamber reactor and a double chamber reactor were used. In the single chamber reactor, 750 g wastes and required amount of inoculum were added initially to make the effective volume of 2 L. For the double chamber reactor, each chamber was initially fed with 350 g wastes and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 1 L. The single chamber reactor was operated for 58 days and the double chamber reactor was run for 23 days. From the 2nd day of operation, each reactor was fed daily with a mixture of 18.75 g wastes and the required volume of tap water to make the total volume of 50 mL after taking out equal volume of slurry from the reactor. The second set of experiment was similar to the double chamber reactor of the first setup, but it was operated for 54 days including the last 16 days operation at room temperature as the heaters became out of order. In case of the first setup, the temperature varied from 31°C to 36°C and the rate of biogas generation was not affected due to this variation. The results of the experiments revealed that for the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 1.42 g VS/L/d, the daily stable biogas generation rate was 0.22 m3/kg of VS added for the single chamber reactor, and apparently the daily stable average rate of biogas production was 0.37 m3/kg of VS added for the double chamber reactor. During the second set of experiment, the temperature varied in between 32°C and 36°C when the chamber-heater was on and the rate of biogas generation was not affected, and the stable rate of biogas generation was 0.26 m3/kg of VS added for the OLR of 1.42 g VS/L/d. The temperature of the chamber varied from 22°C to 25°C when the heater became out of order and the sudden drop of the temperature by about 10°C affected the rate of biogas production greatly. At the ambient temperature, the stable rate of biogas generation was only 0.08 m3/kg of VS added.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75869449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Kibuye Market Organic Waste for Composting as a Means of Solid Waste Management for Kisumu City","authors":"J. Oloo, F. Awuor","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.370","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Organic waste comprises most of the waste in dumpsites in Kenya and this causes environmental challenges at such sites. With Kisumu as a case study, the purpose of this work was to explore the suitability of organic wastes from Kibuye market, hotels and livestock farms for compost manure making as a means of organic solid waste management. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. Compost manure was prepared from organic market waste, hotel food remains and livestock dung. Samples were then taken to a laboratory to test for the content of nitrogen, phosphorous (P2O5) using TES/06/TM/21 and TES/06/TM/24 methods respectively and potassium (K2O) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method as well as for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb) while the Ph of the compost was tested by KS-158 method. Results: Laboratory tests for the presence of important crop elements were Nitrogen (0.4%), Phosphorous (0.4%), and Potassium (0.9%) whereas for heavy metals were Cd=Nil, Cu=10.1, Fe=1.08, Pb=Nil, and pH=8.4. Conclusion: It is safe to use organic waste from Kibuye as augmented by those from hotels and livestock farms for composting as a means of organic solid waste management if other supporting systems are in place.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73548818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Natural Radionuclides, Rare Earth Elements, Metals and Metalloids in a Phosphogypsum Stockpile","authors":"M. Madruga, M. Prudencio, José Corisco, J. Mihálik, R. Marques, Marta Santos, M. Reis, I. Paiva, M. Dias","doi":"10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2252-5211.19.9.363","url":null,"abstract":"A first detailed study of phosphogypsum (PG) from a stockpile in Barreiro (Portugal) was performed aiming for a better characterization of this industrial waste deposit, considering its enhanced content in natural radionuclides and toxic metals, making it a potential contamination source to the Tejo estuary. Whole samples and aggregates of these wastes resulting from phosphate industries were analysed by neutron activation, gamma-spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. This work clearly shows that a significant chemical heterogeneity in the PG occurs due to the existence of aggregates with different compositions randomly distributed. Among these aggregates, the dark grey ones have high concentrations of Sc, Cr, Zn, Ga, Ba, REE, Ta, W, Th and U and the highest concentrations of 226Ra and 210Pb. The separation of these dark aggregates prior to any application of the PG would lead to a safer reuse of these wastes. The chemical patterns, including the REE distribution with a significant negative Ce anomaly, found in PG, are certainly related with the geochemical signatures of the phosphate rocks used as raw material. This PG stockpile may play a significant role as a radioactive source in the Tejo estuarine environment.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90337045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}