Journal of East African Natural History最新文献

{"title":"A Checklist of the Spiders of Tanzania","authors":"A. Russell-Smith","doi":"10.2982/028.109.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.109.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A checklist of all published spider species from Tanzania is provided. For each species, the localities from which it was recorded are noted and a gazetteer of the geographic coordinates of all but a small minority of these localities is included. The results are discussed in terms of family species richness, the completeness of our knowledge of the spider fauna of this country and the likely biases in family composition.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122300278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avifaunal Biodiversity in Peril: Pre- and Post-Vegetation Clearance Survey of Avifauna in a Fragmented Thicket in an Urban Landscape, Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania","authors":"C. Werema, R. Senzota, Nassoro Mohamed","doi":"10.2982/028.108.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.108.0202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In contrast to the bird faunas of most protected areas in Tanzania, those found in urban areas have poorly been studied. In December 2009 and May 2010, using mist netting and audiovisual observations, we undertook surveys of birds at Kituo cha Biomazingira Dar es Salaam (KIBIDA), a privately owned 6 ha area, as an initial attempt to ascertain which bird species are found there. In 2012 and 2017 this 6 ha area (dominated by thickets) was cleared by unknown people further reducing it to about one-third and one-sixth of the original area, respectively. This led us to further assess whether the birds were negatively affected by habitat reduction after one-third and one-sixth of the study area remained. In both cases we continued to use mist nets augmented by audio-visual observations of birds. We detected a total of 98 species of which 62, 48, 53 and 42 were recorded before wood vegetation in the original 6 ha area was cleared, during clearing, two years and six years after it was cleared, respectively. Some of the species detected were forest-dependent and Palaearctic migrants suggesting that remnant thickets and forest patches in urban landscapes are important for conservation of forest dependent and migrant birds. Twenty-two species that were detected before the wood vegetation in the area was cleared were neither found during the time of clearance nor after clearance suggesting possible emigration or local extinction. Similarly, 44 species that were not found in the study area prior to clearance were either observed or mist netted afterwards as a result of turnover in species composition during the sampling period. The results suggest that there is a need to continue to protect KIBIDA and other similar habitats in urban landscapes in order to preserve their avifauna. The results further imply that should such habitats continue to be cleared for provision of settlement, some of the bird species found in them will be lost leading to local extinction. As such, the study recommends conserving thickets and forest patches in urban landscapes as habitats for birds and other fauna.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124358426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cleptoparasitic Bee Genus Chiasmognathus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Kenya, with the Description of Two New Species","authors":"M. Engel, L. Packer, D. Martins","doi":"10.2982/028.108.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.108.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The minute, cleptoparasitic bee genus Chiasmognathus (Nomadinae: Ammobatini) is documented from western Kenya, representing the southernmost records of the lineage. Two species are recognized from the Great Rift Valley—Chiasmognathus aturksvenicus, from the southwestern side of Lake Turkana, and the other, C. riftensis, from further south near Lake Bogoria. The former was captured in association with its host, Nomioides (Nomioides) turanicus (Halictinae: Nomioidini). Chiasmognathus saheliensis is considered a new junior synonym of Pasites gnomus, and the latter epithet is transferred to Chiasmognathus: C. gnomus. We illustrate and discuss intraspecific variation in some morphological features of these tiny bees.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115043865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lion-Porcupine Interactions in Africa, Including Impacts on Lion Predatory Behavior","authors":"J. Peterhans, G. Celesia, T. Gnoske","doi":"10.2982/028.108.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.108.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although African crested porcupines Hystrix spp. represent 0.5–34% of lion Panthera leo kills, interactions between the two species are poorly documented. Here we review porcupine-lion interactions and their impact on lion behaviour, including: 1) lion predation on porcupines; 2) lions injured or killed by porcupine quills; and 3) a case of a lion severely injured by a porcupine quill. Porcupine quills can be effective weapons and sometimes seriously wound lions, resulting in death. Death from quills can be a slow process and under these circumstances, death may be the result of starvation or infection (septicaemia).","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Ecology and Behaviour of Eastern Potto Perodicticus ibeanus and Central Potto P. Edwardsi in Angola, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda and Uganda","authors":"Averee M. Luhrs, Magdalena S. Svensson, K. Nekaris","doi":"10.2982/028.107.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.107.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Comparative behavioural research reveals both intra- and inter-species diversity among primates. Few long-term behavioural studies have been conducted on African nocturnal primates. Here we describe and compare behavioural and ecological observations on two species of pottos (Perodicticus ibeanus and P. edwardsi) across ten sites. We observed a total of 51 P. edwardsi and 28 P. ibeanus. We recorded all 21 postures within an established lorisid ethogram, as well as 42 of 50 behaviours. Eating, locomotion, freezing, resting and sniffing were the most common behaviours. We recorded behaviours not previously described for perodicticines, including bark chewing and unique vocalisations. Three species of pottos are now recognised, with potentially more species to be revealed within this cryptic and nocturnal genus. Although there are similarities among potto species, we show that unique ecological adaptations and behaviours may further elucidate their diversity.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126806663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The East African Flora, and Those Who Study It, Have Lost a Great Friend, Kew Botanist Sally Bidgood","authors":"I. Friis","doi":"10.2982/028.107.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.107.0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132938777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into the Natural History of the Little Known Maned Rat Lophiomys imhausi through Examination of Owl Pellets and Prey Remains","authors":"D. Ogada","doi":"10.2982/028.107.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.107.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maned rat Lophiomys imhausi is a highly unusual, but very little known rodent that is endemic to East Africa. A population from the highlands of central Kenya was studied through analysis of owl pellets and prey remains, including one incidental observation. Over 28 months, 40 individual rats were documented, of which two were juveniles. The mean length of time between discovery of rat remains in any one owl territory was once every 5.3 months, and the maximum number of rats found in any single owl territory over one year was five. Maned rat density was low and was estimated at 1 rat/km2. Their lower altitudinal limit in Kenya is c. 1900 m, and eagle owls and humans are important predators. Maned rats are not uncommon in highly altered habitats and they may require poisonous plants in addition to Acokanthera spp. for anti-predator defense.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133856275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Red-Capped Robin-Chats Cossypha Natalensis Imitate Antiphonal Duet of Black-Faced Rufous Warblers Bathmocercus rufus","authors":"T. Struhsaker","doi":"10.2982/028.106.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.106.0201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During my studies of primate behavioral ecology in the Kibale Forest, Uganda, I documented the first cases of red-capped robin-chats Cossypha natalensis imitating an antiphonal duet. In one case two individual robin chats imitated the entire duet of the black-faced rufous warbler Bathmocercus rufus, each giving both the male and female components. In a second case one robin chat gave the male components and another gave that of the female warbler. The lack of temporal separation between the male and female components of the warbler's antiphonal duet indicates an unusually high level of auditory perception and response time and cognitive ability on the part of redcapped robin-chats.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"73 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120898297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympatry among Three Suid Species (Family Suidae) on the North Coast of Kenya","authors":"R. Amin, T. Wacher, T. Butynski","doi":"10.2982/028.106.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.106.0202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three species of suids occur on the broad coastal plain of Kenya east and north of the Tana River; desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus, common warthog Phacochoerus africanus, and bushpig Potamochoerus larvatus. Systematic cameratrap surveys, comprising 9229 camera-trap days on grids at six study sites, were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of these three suids in the Boni-Dodori Forest Complex (ca. 4000 km2) and in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve (416 km2) on Kenya's north and central coasts, respectively. In the Boni-Dodori Forest Complex, desert warthog was captured at one camera site, common warthog at four camera sites, and bushpig at 33 camera sites. In Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, only bushpig was captured (seven camera sites). Sympatry of desert warthog and common warthog seems limited in the Boni-Dodori Forest Complex. Here, desert warthog appears to be narrowly sympatric with bushpig whereas common warthog is broadly sympatric with bushpig. Sympatry of the three suids in this region was not previously reported. This sympatry is absent in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127185767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphibian Diversity in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya: A Comprehensive List of Specimens and Species","authors":"Beryl A. Bwong, Joash O. Nyamache, P. Malonza, D. Wasonga, J. M. Ngwava, C. D. Barratt, P. Nagel, S. Loader","doi":"10.2982/028.106.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2982/028.106.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present the first annotated amphibian checklist of Shimba Hills National Reserve (SHNR). The list comprises of 30 currently known amphibians (28 anurans and two caecilians), which includes 11 families and 15 genera. In addition, individual records per species, distribution in the reserve and brief remarks about the species are presented. The checklist is based on information from museum collections, field guides, unpublished reports and newly collected field data. We are able to confirm the presence of two Eastern Afromontane species in the SHNR: Scolecomorphus cf. vittatus and Callulina cf. kreffti. The latter has not been recorded since the original collection of a single specimen over 50 years ago. SHNR contains the highest number of amphibian species of any known locality in Kenya (about 30% of the country's total number); therefore it is of national conservation importance. Finally, we briefly discuss the biogeography of the SHNR and its connections to nearby biogeographic regions.","PeriodicalId":143820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East African Natural History","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122167153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}