A. Shammout , A. Yussuf , K. McMillan , R. Williams , R. Harrison , Y. Liang
{"title":"Early palliative care collaboration for paediatric patients with inherited jaw conditions—a traffic light system","authors":"A. Shammout , A. Yussuf , K. McMillan , R. Williams , R. Harrison , Y. Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paediatric maxillofacial surgeons infrequently encounter primary life-limiting conditions with escalating symptoms, contributing to the underutilization of palliative care services. This paper highlights two rare life-limiting oral and maxillofacial conditions – infantile osteopetrosis and osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia – and proposes a collaborative framework integrating palliative care. The cases illustrate the multidisciplinary approach needed for complex symptom management, including end-of-life care in one case.The collaboration involved anaesthesia, surgery, pharmacy, dietetics, endocrinology, haematology, respiratory, microbiology, psychology, and community and hospital palliative care teams. Management included analgesia, multiple surgeries, use of enteral nutrition, frequent blood transfusions, and terminal seizure management, addressing ethical and practical challenges to ensure comprehensive care delivery. A traffic light referral pathway to enhance collaboration was developed and is presented. It categorizes patient vulnerability into three tiers to streamline joint management between maxillofacial and palliative care teams. This pathway is currently being piloted to support early referrals and improve care coordination. The illustrative cases underscore the critical role of maxillofacial surgeons in initiating timely referrals and highlight the need for continued education to foster awareness and enhance multidisciplinary collaboration in paediatric palliative care. The novel traffic light system algorithm may support earlier integration of palliative care in this setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1177-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E.G.F. dos Santos , A.V. Martins-de-Barros , T.F. Faro , F.A. da Costa Araújo
{"title":"Temporary protective glossorrhaphy for controlling tongue size and position during intraoperative intermaxillary fixation in orthognathic surgery","authors":"E.G.F. dos Santos , A.V. Martins-de-Barros , T.F. Faro , F.A. da Costa Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This technical note introduces the protective glossorrhaphy as a method for repositioning the tongue<span> during orthognathic surgery to maintain central alignment and prevent interference with </span></span>occlusal<span><span> splints. The procedure involves placing 2–0 cotton sutures at the level of the molars and canines, approximating the lateral borders of the tongue while preserving vascularization and function. The glossorrhaphy is maintained throughout the jaw repositioning stages and removed only after verifying the final occlusion. By temporarily approximating the lateral borders of the tongue with sutures, this technique aids in the accurate placement of the occlusal guide. The temporary glossorrhaphy offers a straightforward and effective solution, ensuring proper occlusal splint adaptation and reducing the risk of </span>postoperative complications. This minimally invasive approach enhances outcomes in orthognathic surgery by addressing challenges related to tongue positioning.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1201-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A semi-automated design workflow for patient-specific implants in orthognathic surgery using generative design","authors":"M. Cheng , A. Nayak , Y.Y. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Patient-specific implants (PSIs) have demonstrated improved outcomes and have reduced the complexity of surgery in orthognathic surgery. However, the design process for PSIs is time-consuming and complicated, leading to high costs that hinder its widespread adoption. The aim of this study was to develop a novel workflow for designing PSIs using generative design (GD) techniques to streamline the process. The proposed workflow was implemented using GD-embedded software, Fusion (Autodesk Inc.), and tested by designing PSIs for one </span>Le Fort I osteotomy<span> case and one genioplasty case. The performance of the GD workflow was assessed through the time required for design and the basic properties of the GD PSIs. The hands-on time for the design was 94 min for the Le Fort I fixation plate and 45 min for the genioplasty plate. The maximum von Mises stress was 227.63 MPa for the Le Fort I fixation plate and 237.31 MPa for the genioplasty fixation plate. The GD-based workflow simplified and accelerated the design of PSIs for orthognathic surgery. Biomechanical analysis indicated the feasibility of generative designed patient-specific implants for clinical practice.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1195-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis with a giant cell component","authors":"R.M. Moraes , C.M. Lescura , E.M.I. Amstalden , A.L. Anbinder","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Synovial chondromatosis is a benign locally aggressive neoplasm that rarely affects the </span>temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This report describes a case of synovial chondromatosis in a 34-year-old woman presenting </span>TMJ pain<span><span> and mandibular deviation with limited mouth opening. Imaging examinations revealed multiple calcified masses within the TMJ. During surgery, cartilage fragments were easily detached. On histological examination, multiple coalescent nodules of hyaline cartilage<span> with areas of endochondral ossification and mild cell pleomorphism were observed, together with a significant giant cell component within a chondroid matrix. The presence of giant </span></span>cell infiltration in synovial chondromatosis is extremely rare, leading to a differential diagnosis that included osteogenic, chondrogenic, and giant cell-rich tumours.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1208-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subcutaneous pedicle island flap for complex congenital earlobe cleft correction","authors":"D. Li , T. Li , Z. Cai , X. Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital cleft earlobe is rare, but earlobe clefts are nevertheless the most common lower auricular malformations. There are various types of earlobe clefts and there is no universally recognized classification scheme. Different techniques have been reported for the correction of the various types of anomaly. This paper presents a complex subtype cleft that has not previously been reported in the literature and describes the technique used to achieve a three-dimensional reconstruction with a satisfactory result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1152-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. De Riu , M.Y. Mommaerts , D. Soma , A. Biglio , M. Roy , S. Troise , A. Maniaci , J.R. Lechien , L.A. Vaira
{"title":"Three-dimensionally printed subperiosteal implants for maxillectomy reconstruction: report of nine cases","authors":"G. De Riu , M.Y. Mommaerts , D. Soma , A. Biglio , M. Roy , S. Troise , A. Maniaci , J.R. Lechien , L.A. Vaira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was performed to investigate the use of additively manufactured custom-made subperiosteal implants in primary maxillary reconstruction. A retrospective analysis was performed of nine patients who underwent primary reconstruction of the maxilla with these implants between May 2021 and June 2023. The study focused on evaluating the feasibility, effectiveness, and short- to medium-term outcomes, including potential complications. All patients underwent simultaneous implant placement during the same surgery for tumour resection and flap reconstruction and were then monitored for a minimum of 6 months. The first results indicate that these implants are both feasible and effective in achieving stable and functional outcomes, particularly for patients who cannot undergo traditional bone reconstruction. Complication rates were low, with only one case of flap necrosis unrelated to the implant. Additionally, the implants remained stable with no signs of infection or mobility. The main limitations of the study are the small cohort size and short follow-up period. Therefore, these findings must be considered preliminary, and further studies with larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-up are required to confirm the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1139-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muscle involvement in Behçet’s syndrome: a case report","authors":"M. Ma , F. Fang , L. Zhao , J. Jin , Y. Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behçet’s syndrome, a systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology, is classically characterized by recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and cutaneous lesions. Myositis in Behçet’s syndrome is rare. A unique case of Behçet’s syndrome with gastrocnemius and tongue myositis as the presenting manifestations is presented here. The patient was admitted with fever, recurrent aphthous ulcers, and swelling and pain of the tongue and legs. Phlebitis of the deep-tissue vessels was seen in the tongue biopsy. A gastrocnemius muscle biopsy showed obvious muscle fibre degeneration, accompanied by swelling of the vascular endothelial cells with abundant lymphocytic infiltration. After treatment with prednisone and thalidomide, the swelling of the tongue and legs was reduced. Therefore, in the case of recurrent oral ulcers accompanied by fever and muscle lesions, even in the absence of clinical findings such as genital ulcers or ophthalmitis, it is necessary to be alert to the possibility of Behçet’s syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1167-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fully guided, flapless zygomatic implants for oncological rehabilitation—a technical note","authors":"M.J. Yap, T. Singh, M. Williams, B. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Midface defects following head and neck cancer surgery present significant functional and aesthetic challenges. While free-tissue transfer is a favoured reconstructive approach, it may be contraindicated in the medically comorbid and failure may be catastrophic, resulting in significant morbidity. In such cases, zygomatic implant-retained prosthetic obturators provide an effective alternative. However, traditional zygomatic </span>implant placement<span> often requires the elevation of large full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps, risking osteoradionecrosis in irradiated bone following postoperative radiotherapy. This technical note describes a novel method for fully guided, flapless zygomatic implant placement that was applied in a 74-year-old with a Brown Class IId maxillary defect following hemi-maxillectomy of a pT4aN0M0 right maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Using virtual surgical planning, two zygomatic implants were placed utilizing 3D-printed tissue-borne drill guides based on the patient’s obturator. These guides were designed with low tolerance flutes to minimize angular deviation and utilized hard and soft tissue undercuts to ensure stability. By using a flapless technique, trauma to the irradiated tissues was minimized, whilst achieving accurate zygomatic implant placement. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach between the surgical, prosthetic, and engineering teams. Further studies are needed to validate the accuracy and predictability of this innovative approach.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1221-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Uematsu , K. Ito , T. Tsukioka , K. Isobe , H. Okudera , T. Kaneda
{"title":"Correlation of postoperative thickening of the sinus mucosa in cone beam computed tomography with decreased voxel brightness of the regenerated bone after sinus floor augmentation: a prospective study","authors":"T. Uematsu , K. Ito , T. Tsukioka , K. Isobe , H. Okudera , T. Kaneda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although postoperative thickening of the sinus membrane is a risk in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA), the relationship between postoperative mucosal thickening (MT) and the quality of the augmented bone has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the augmented bone after MSFA using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) histograms, comparing patients with and without postoperative maxillary sinus MT. Patients who underwent MSFA with beta-tricalcium phosphate and simultaneous implantation between 2021 and 2023 were included (14 regions in 12 patients). CBCT images obtained pre-surgery (C1) and at 6 months post-surgery (C2) were used for comparisons between a No-MT group (≤2 mm) and an MT group (>2 mm). Three-dimensional bone subtraction (C2 − C1) was performed for the analysis of voxel brightness and quantification of the augmented bone volume. Histogram analysis showed that the MT group had a significantly lower mean brightness value (<em>P</em> = 0.004) and higher skewness (<em>P</em> = 0.003) and kurtosis (<em>P</em> = 0.006) values than the No-MT group. Thus, histogram-based assessment of bone quality in MSFA may be used as a prognostic marker for implant success by monitoring changes in brightness, skewness, and kurtosis during the augmented bone healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1214-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kogane , G. Diallo-Hornez , S. O’Rourke , A. Picard , A. Morice
{"title":"Long-term outcomes after primary osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle occurring in early infancy: a case report and literature review","authors":"N. Kogane , G. Diallo-Hornez , S. O’Rourke , A. Picard , A. Morice","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle is exceptionally rare. The case of a 5-month-old infant with primary osteomyelitis of the condyle, who was followed up over 6 years and avoided the devastating sequelae of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and mandibular growth impairment, is reported here. The patient presented with acute swelling, fever, and trismus, leading to the diagnosis of acute primary osteomyelitis through clinical and radiological findings. This was treated successfully with a minor surgical intervention and antibiotics. The reported case, in combination with a literature review, underscores the importance of early, multimodal diagnosis and appropriate treatment in primary osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in infants, highlighting the potential for favourable outcomes even in severe cases. This report contributes to the scarce literature on the subject and offers recommendations for follow-up care to help prevent long-term complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14332,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"54 12","pages":"Pages 1160-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}