INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES最新文献

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/725197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725197","url":null,"abstract":"Previous articleNext article FreeFront MatterPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by International Journal of Plant Sciences Volume 184, Number 3March/April 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725197 Views: 17Total views on this site © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135240367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Horticulture in Plant Invasions in the Midwestern United States","authors":"T. Culley, Tziporah Feldman","doi":"10.1086/724662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724662","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. As the second leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, invasive species have been introduced accidentally or intentionally into many locations. To prevent their continued spread, identifying common pathways of introduction is critical, as Sarah Reichard emphasized in her classic 1994 study in which she analyzed 235 woody species considered invasive in the United States at that time and reported that the majority had current or historical uses in horticulture. Methodology. We now update her classic study with a literature review and expand it to herbaceous species by examining the origin of species identified as invasive today but within the Midwestern United States. Pivotal results. Of the 295 invasive species in this region, most introductions were through the ornamental trade, comprising 87.1% of trees and shrubs, 81.0% of vines, and 29.7% of terrestrial and aquatic herbs. We found that 85.5% of 83 invasive tree, shrub, and vine taxa in the Midwestern United States were associated with horticulture, compared with Reichard’s national estimate of 82% of 235 species nationwide. Conclusions. In the 29 years since Reichard’s review, the ornamental pathway continues today to be an avenue for the introduction of some plant species that later become invasive in the Midwestern United States, and, as such, the horticulture field could be effective in helping to reduce future plant invasions.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76352661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen Evolution in the Genus Echinops (Cardueae, Asteraceae): Deciphering the Origin of Giant Pollen Grains","authors":"O. Hidalgo, Ismael Sánchez-jiménez, L. Palazzesi, B. Loeuille, T. Garnatje","doi":"10.1086/724497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724497","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. The genus Echinops is unique among the Cardueae tribe of Asteraceae for presenting two distinctive features, both related to reproductive structures: a syncephalium (=secondary capitulum) and an impressively large pollen grain with a triangular section and probably the thickest of all plant cell walls. While the syncephalium constitutes a synapomorphy for the genus, recent evidence suggests that some Echinops species have pollen similar to that of other Cardueae. This study therefore seeks to contribute insights into the spatiotemporal frame of pollen evolution within the genus. Methodology. Micromorphological characterization was provided for 35 specimens from 28 Echinops species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen counts were carried out for two Echinops species and Cardopatium corymbosum. Pollen data are discussed in the context of a dated Echinops phylogeny. For comparison purposes, new and published pollen data of 622 Cardueae species and 303 taxa of Vernonieae, another tribe where syncephaly has evolved, were collated. Pivotal results. The “Perennial” Echinops pollen type of huge size and triangular section likely derived from the “Annual” Echinops pollen type, more similar in shape, size, and exine structure to that of other Cardueae. Pollen type transition took place in the genus long after syncephaly evolved. Pollen size increase did not occur at the expense of pollen quantity and could respond to warmer environmental conditions and increased male competition. Conclusions. This study of Echinops pollen evidenced the evolutionary exploration of novel phenotypic space in the genus, most certainly in response to the climatic context in which the species have diversified.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80419916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland Restoration Increases Mutualistic Benefits That Soil Biota Provide to Plants","authors":"Hamrazsadat Soozandehfar, K. MacColl, H. Maherali","doi":"10.1086/724224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724224","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Many plant species engage in mutualistic symbioses with soil biota such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobium bacteria. Agricultural practices such as chemical fertilizer application and tilling can decrease the mutualistic functions of soil biota, but whether restoration of agricultural lands causes soil biota to increase mutualistic functions is not frequently studied. Methodology. To evaluate whether ecological restoration of agricultural lands increases mutualistic benefits that soil biota provide to plants, we grew a mycorrhizal- and rhizobium-responsive host plant (Trifolium pratense) in a common background soil that had been inoculated with soil biota from grasslands that had been restored in the past 9–12 yr and adjacent cultivated fields. Because both AM fungi and rhizobium are nutritional symbionts, we grew plants in each soil biota treatment under both low- and high-fertilizer amendments to assess whether mutualistic services would be reduced when nutrient availability was high. Pivotal results. Inoculation with soil biota from restored grasslands increased aboveground plant biomass by ~19% compared with cultivated fields, and this positive effect was observed at both low and high fertilizer levels. In the low-fertilizer treatment, percentage colonization of roots by AM fungi was 1.8 times higher in treatments receiving restored grassland versus cultivated field inoculum, but there was no difference in AM fungal colonization under high-fertilizer treatments. Rhizobium nodulation of roots did not differ between restored grassland and cultivated field inoculum sources in either fertilizer treatment. Conclusions. These results show that the mutualistic benefits of soil biota can increase following the restoration of previously cultivated fields to grasslands. The positive effect of soil biota on plant biomass was most likely caused by AM fungi rather than rhizobium bacteria. Increases in mutualistic benefits provided by soil biota can occur within a decade following grassland restoration of formerly cultivated agricultural fields.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75897814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/724752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724752","url":null,"abstract":"Next article FreeFront MatterPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by International Journal of Plant Sciences Volume 184, Number 2February 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/724752 Views: 52Total views on this site © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134941043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Features of Cyclocarya brownii Manchester & Dilcher from the Late Paleocene of North Dakota, USA","authors":"K. Pigg, M. Devore, Witt Taylor","doi":"10.1086/724496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724496","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Fossil infructescences of the late Paleocene Cyclocarya brownii (Juglandaceae) and winged fruits with newly recognized anatomical structure are described from Almont and Beicegel Creek, North Dakota. These fossils demonstrate that C. brownii has many similarities to extant Cyclocarya paliurus but differs in several morphological and anatomical features. Comparisons of the fossil record of Cyclocarya document the transition of characters in the evolution of the oldest extant genus of Juglandaceae. Methodology. Fossils were digitally imaged with reflected light microscopy (LM). Some specimens were embedded in Ward’s Bio-Plastic synthetic resin, sectioned into wafers, mounted on microscope slides, and imaged with reflected LM. Permineralized specimens from the Beicegel Creek site were prepared with the cellulose acetate peel technique, mounted on microscope slides, and imaged with transmitted LM. Extant fruits of C. paliurus were photographed from freshly collected material. Pivotal results. Infructescences of C. brownii differ from those of modern C. paliurus in several ways. The fossils are racemes with crowded fruits borne on elongate pedicels. In contrast, extant C. paliurus has spikes bearing fewer fruits per infructescence (10 vs. 23). Fruit wall anatomy is similar to that of extant and other known fossil species of Cyclocarya but is more complex and has a distinctive idioblast layer not present in extant Cyclocarya. Fossil pollen is triporate in contrast to the tetraporate pollen in extant Cyclocarya. As in extant Cyclocarya, pollen is borne both in staminate catkins and occasionally in stamens attached to fruits. We document a fossil fruit with stamens bearing pollen. This feature, sporadic in extant Cyclocarya, was also present in the Paleogene. Conclusions. Late Paleocene C. brownii differs in comparison with extant C. paliurus and related fossil forms in infructescence architecture, fruit size and symmetry, fruit wall anatomy, and pollen aperture number. Trends in character evolution from the Paleogene to the present day include (1) changes from helically arranged, densely distributed pedicellate fruits to sessile fruits borne singly along a slender axis, (2) transition from pyramidal to round nutlets with (3) equatorial versus basal wing attachment, (4) a change in pollen aperture number from three to four, and (5) simplification of the fruit wall in extant Cyclocarya.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80425922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Floral Trait Changes in Oenothera organensis (Onagraceae) during Long-Term Ex Situ Cultivation","authors":"Bing Li, J. Fant, Jacob Zeldin, Krissa A. Skogen, Kayri Havens","doi":"10.1086/724225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724225","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. This study examines the potential effects of long-term ex situ cultivation on genetic variation and floral traits using a rare endemic species, Oenothera organensis (Onagraceae), which has been cultivated ex situ since the 1930s. Ex situ conservation in botanic gardens is an important approach to safeguard endangered plant species, especially given current threats to global biodiversity from climate change and habitat destruction. The genetic consequences of ex situ living plant cultivation include reduction in genetic diversity and inbreeding depression owing to population bottlenecks. In addition, ex situ populations might experience trait changes because of shifted or relaxed selection pressure. These changes can cause fitness declines or failure when ex situ populations are reintroduced into the wild. This study examines potential drawbacks of ex situ cultivation by focusing on neutral genetic diversity and floral traits. Methodology. To test the potential effects of ex situ cultivation on neutral genetic diversity, we used eight microsatellite markers to examine the genetic composition of multiple ex situ and wild populations of O. organensis. In addition, we applied a common-garden experiment to examine floral traits and phenology of ex situ and wild-derived populations to test whether ex situ cultivation can shift or increase the variance of floral traits. Pivotal results. The ex situ populations of O. organensis generally had reduced neutral genetic diversity and failed to capture all of the alleles observed in the wild populations. High pairwise relatedness in the ex situ population also indicated potential inbreeding. Cultivated ex situ plants exhibited higher variability in floral traits and shifted phenotypic distribution compared with wild-derived plants, which may be due to relaxed or shifted selection pressure. Conclusions. Without careful consideration and maintenance to preserve genetic variation and traits in plant populations, long-term ex situ cultivation can reduce neutral genetic diversity and change the phenotypes of conserved lineages. Most guidelines for ex situ conservation focus on increasing population sizes and pooling genetic diversity from multiple sources to maintain diversity. Our study demonstrates that relaxed or shifted selection in an ex situ setting may lead to shifted phenotypes, so management practices should also maintain ex situ plants under conditions that are as close as possible to the natural settings.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86769193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Fossil Mallow Flower from Asia","authors":"Taposhi Hazra, S. Bera, M. Khan","doi":"10.1086/723603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723603","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Malvaceae, or the mallows, are well known from the Cenozoic sediments of Asia and are represented by many fossil leaves, woods, fruits, and pollen. Until now, no fossil flower of Malvaceae has been reported from the Cenozoic sediments of Asia. The present study addresses this lacuna and documents the evidence of mallow fossil flowers from Asia for the first time. Methodology. Fossil flowers similar to modern flowers of Bombax L. (Malvaceae) were recovered from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments of Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, eastern India. They were revealed by careful removal of the overlying matrix and studied under light microscopy. Pivotal results. The fossil flowers, characterized by irregularly lobed sepals, obovate-elliptic petals, numerous stamens bearing long filaments, and characteristic reniform anthers, are recognized as a new species, Bombax asiatica Hazra, Bera et Khan sp. nov. A morphological principal coordinates analysis and cladistic parsimony analysis based on floral morphological characters support this taxonomic assignment. Conclusions. This fossil evidence provides an important clue about the past diversity and paleobiogeography of the mallow family in the Indian Cenozoic. This finding and earlier reported Malvaceae fossils from the same locality also indicate the presence of tropical climate in Jharkhand, eastern India, during the time of deposition.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83338230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of Africa to Madagascar—Then Back? Molecular Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Tribe Tarchonantheae (Asteraceae: Tarchonanthoideae)","authors":"R. Kimball, Morgan R. Gostel, V. Funk, T. Lowrey, D. Crawford","doi":"10.1086/724334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724334","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Molecular data have revolutionized inferences of phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of flowering plants. Two small genera, Brachylaena and Tarchonanthus, are the only members of Asteraceae tribe Tarchonantheae (subfamily Tarchonanthoideae). The tribe is morphologically distinct within Asteraceae and is resolved as monophyletic with molecular markers. It is distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether molecular data resolve the two genera as monophyletic and to infer the origin and dispersals that produced the current distribution of the tribe. Methodology. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and plastid rpl16 intron were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. An ancestral trait reconstruction assessed the likely ancestral range for Tarchonantheae using BioGeoBEARS, and BEAST was used for dating divergence. Pivotal results. We resolved Tarchonanthus as a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, making the latter genus paraphyletic. All Malagasy species occurred within a strongly supported clade, but also resolved within the clade was the widely distributed African species Brachylaena huillensis. This indicates two dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar—either a single dispersal to Madagascar, followed by back dispersal to Africa, or two independent dispersals from Africa. Conclusions. Tarchonanthus is a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. An initial dispersal of Brachylaena from Africa to Madagascar with subsequent speciation, followed by back dispersal to Africa, with minimal morphological divergence between the African species and its sister species in Madagascar could explain the current distribution of Brachylaena. Alternatively, there may have been two dispersal events to Madagascar from Africa during the Miocene, but all within the same subclade. Dispersal of flowering plants back to Africa from Madagascar is very rare, if not unprecedented. These dispersal events, and most diversification within the tribe, including the divergence of Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena, took place during the Miocene.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87514986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidens wailele (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae): A New Critically Endangered Species from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands","authors":"K. R. Wood, M. L. Knope","doi":"10.1086/724311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724311","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. The explosive diversification of Hawaiian Bidens is considered one of the premier examples of plant adaptive radiation in the native Hawaiian flora. Botanical exploration, especially in remote areas, continues and sometimes results in the discovery of new species. Most of these new discoveries are narrowly distributed endemics, and some are evaluated to be threatened or endangered, sometimes critically so, as is the case for Bidens wailele. Methodology. Bidens wailele K.R. Wood & Knope (Asteraceae/Compositae) is (1) described and illustrated from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands; we also (2) provide a diagnostic key distinguishing characters that separate B. wailele from all other native Kauai Bidens, (3) present a summary of its distribution, ecology, and threats; and (4) provide a formal Red List assessment utilizing the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria for endangerment. This discovery is part of ongoing floristic research and exploration conducted by the National Tropical Botanical Garden Science and Conservation Department. Pivotal results. This new species occurs in extremely wet conditions around the waterfalls of Waialeale and Wainiha, central Kauai. Morphologically, it is most similar to Bidens valida, a Kauai endemic species naturally occurring around windswept ridges and cliffs of southeastern Kauai (as on Haupu, Hulua, and Kahili Mountains). Conclusions. This rare new species is presently known from only 700–800 individuals and restricted to three remote locations; B. wailele has been evaluated under the IUCN Red List criteria and proposed as critically endangered. A fourth population on a wet cliff where the new species historically occurred (i.e., Kamanu, Kauai) was destroyed by a landslide after its discovery in 2008, most likely caused by torrential rains and demonstrating the species’ vulnerability for extinction.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85837080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}