INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES最新文献

{"title":"The Reinvention of Compositae: Vicki Funk’s Legacy in the Systematics of the Largest Plant Family on Earth","authors":"J. Mandel, Erika R. Moore-Pollard, J. M. Bonifacino","doi":"10.1086/725047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725047","url":null,"abstract":"Vicki Ann Funk was an American botanist and a leading figure on the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Compositae in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Of her many contributions to these fields, Vicki’s ardent defense of the value and necessity of strong collections-based research for plant systematics was highly prominent. We will delve into Vicki’s contribution to Compositae systematics and explore how she was often at the forefront of research in the areas of plant phylogenetics, systematics, and collections. She pioneered the use of cladistics in plant systematics in the late 1970s and the early 1980s and helped develop and put in practice novel methods for understanding plant evolutionary relationships. During the next-generation sequencing revolution of the 2010s, she was again at the leading edge developing new tools for studying the world’s largest flowering plant family. Throughout this, she continuously made use of the latest methods and approaches to study evolutionary diversification, biogeography, and classification in Compositae. She spared no effort in supporting small herbaria across the globe, constantly aware (and reminding those around her) of the paramount importance of collections at all levels of plant research. She envisioned producing a global database to track nomenclature in Compositae and saw this massive effort from its origin to its implementation by encouraging contributions from researchers across the globe. In all her work, there was a genuine desire to connect people in pursuit of deeper understanding of the Compositae.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"62 1","pages":"305 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81076253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Plant Macrofossil Assemblage from the Rhaetian–Hettangian Fosheim Member of the Heiberg Formation on Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada","authors":"C. Pott, S. Kelly, B. Bomfleur, S. Schneider","doi":"10.1086/725108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725108","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. During two recent field seasons in the Arctic Archipelago of Canada (Nunavut), assemblages of well-preserved plant macrofossils have been collected at five different sites from the Fosheim Member of the Heiberg Formation, which are here reported. Methodology. The plant fossils are analyzed, described, illustrated, and identified. The assemblage is compared with the other two reports of plant macrofossils from that area, and the overall vegetation of the Fosheim Member of the Heiberg Formation is put in relation to well-known Rhaetian–Hettangian macrofossil assemblages of Greenland, north-central Europe, and central and eastern Asia. Pivotal results. Among the sphenophytes and ferns, Neocalamites lehmannianus, Todites roessertii, Cladophlebis cf. ingens, and Dictyophyllum exile have been encountered; ginkgophytes are represented by three species (Ginkgoites taeniatus, Baiera minuta, and Sphenobaiera spectabilis) and conifers by two Podozamites species (Podozamites schenkii and Podozamites punctatus). For the bennettites, only one species could be identified, but this species (Otozamites micrauritus) was so far unknown from Arctic Canada and described only from the Rhaetian of South Korea. Cycads are absent. Taeniopteris sp. and Desmiophyllum sp. represent two species of so far unknown affinity. Conclusions. An evaluation of the composition of the flora, together with the fossiliferous sedimentary succession, indicates that the plants grew in a variety of exposed and disturbed habitats of wide floodplains within lowland, deltaic, or coastal plain settings or brackish to tidal mudflat areas, in a relatively warm climate with abundant rainfall and well-developed seasons. The age of the fossil-bearing strata is briefly discussed based on the stratigraphic information retrieved from the elsewhere occurrence of the identified taxa.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"15 1","pages":"429 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88819654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Our Understanding of Late Cretaceous–Paleogene Evolution within the Monocot Family Araceae: Appianospadix bogneri gen. et sp. nov.","authors":"R. Stockey, G. Rothwell, G. Beard, J. Gemmell","doi":"10.1086/725163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725163","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Two permineralized inflorescences have been found in calcium carbonate concretions from the Eocene Appian Way locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, increasing sampling density and helping clarify the pattern of phylogeny for Alismatalean monocots. Methodology. Serial sections of specimens were prepared by the cellulose acetate peel technique and studied with light microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses using a morphological matrix of living and fossil Araceae and Acoraceae were performed using TNT version 1.5 to help establish relationships of the fossil inflorescences. Pivotal results. Inflorescences are cylindrical spikes, >37 mm long and 8.1 mm wide, with a peduncle at least 14.5 mm long, bearing numerous helically arranged, bisexual sessile flowers with hooded tepals. Fruits are trilocular, with basal axile placentation and one seed per locule. Remnants of probable stamens are present in most flowers. Conclusions. Flower structure was compared to those of other petalloid, spicate, bisexual flowers in the monocot families Acoraceae and Araceae (Alismatales). The number of carpels is similar to that in Acorus (Acoraceae) and Spathiphyllum (Araceae, Monsteroideae) and some Pothoideae. Single-seeded ovaries are common in Araceae, while the locules in Acorus contain several apically attached seeds. Phylogenetic analyses place Appianospadix in Proto-Araceae near the base of the aroid tree. This inflorescence with a unique combination of characters is described as Appianospadix bogneri, a new genus and species of Alismatales (family: Araceae).","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"61 1","pages":"470 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84913440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Pollen Morphology to Disentangle the Origin, Early Evolution, and Diversification of the Asteraceae","authors":"M. C. Tellería, V. Barreda, P. Jardine, L. Palazzesi","doi":"10.1086/725046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725046","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen morphology has proven to be particularly informative for elucidating the evolutionary relationships within Asteraceae (or Compositae). However, very few studies have attempted to reconstruct the character states across the family based on pollen data. Here, we mapped pollen characters onto a recent phylogenomic tree of Asteraceae based on new and published observations. We also revised the pollen morphology of selected lineages of the family largely distributed in South America, including living representatives of the oldest fossils of Asteraceae. By mapping the three selected pollen characters onto a recent phylogenomic framework, we detected shifts and trends across the evolution of the family. Our study showed that Asteraceae pollen grains ancestrally possessed microspines and a nonlayered ecaveate exine. The morphology of this reconstructed ancestor agrees with that of the oldest extinct fossil pollen grains assigned to Barnadesieae discovered in late Cretaceous sediments from Antarctica and New Zealand. The presence of a layered sexine with stout columellae characterizes the most recent common ancestor of all Asteraceae, except for the sister clade Barnadesieae. This extinct ancestor also appears to be represented in the fossil record with morphologically related species of Mutisiapollis, distributed in Paleogene sediments across Patagonia, Africa, and Australia. Taken together, our work supports previous studies, indicating that the range of variation in pollen morphology across Asteraceae is wide yet phylogenetically structured. However, pollen characters (and character states) fail to support the unequivocal recognition of the selected monophyletic South American groups. Although preliminary, our results highlight the importance of scoring pollen characters to identify fossil specimens, explore character evolution, and reconstruct ancestral forms.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"18 1","pages":"350 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89750003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Generation of Training Libraries for Image Classification Models from Photos of Herbarium Specimens","authors":"A. Schmidt‐Lebuhn, Nunzio J. Knerr","doi":"10.1086/724950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724950","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Computer vision has the potential to become a transformative identification tool in biodiversity research and collections management, allowing high-throughput identification and removing the need for nonexpert end users to understand technical terminology. A major bottleneck for taxonomists is the generation of sufficient numbers of training images. Contemporary large-scale imaging projects of herbaria provide an increasing number of specimen photos, but whole-sheet images are not directly suitable for training image classification models targeted at individual taxonomically informative characters. Methodology. Here, we illustrate a time- and labor-efficient approach for generating training libraries for image classification from photos of herbarium sheets. It involves the annotation of specimen images with bounding boxes using open-source software and automated cropping of annotations with a custom script to produce the training library. We demonstrate the approach on the flower heads of a genus of Asteraceae comprising eight taxa, six species and two nontypus varieties. Pivotal results. After generating 816 training images from 33 specimen photos with a time investment of only ∼90 min, we trained an image classification model that achieved 98.2% precision and recall. Conclusions. The demonstrated approach allows taxonomists to use digitized herbarium specimens to produce training libraries for image classification models within hours. We expect that computer vision will increasingly become a part of taxonomic practice.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"98 1","pages":"387 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78374289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let the Records Show: Attribution of Scientific Credit in Natural History Collections","authors":"Rebecca B. Dikow, Jenna T. B. Ekwealor, William Mattingly, Michael Trizna, Elizabeth Harmon, Torsten Dikow, Carlos F. Arias, Richard G. J. Hodel, Jennifer Spillane, Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya, Luis Villanueva, Alexander E. White, Madeline G. Bursell, Tia Curry, C. inema, Kayla Geronimo-Anctil","doi":"10.1086/724949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724949","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Natural history collections are essential resources for taxonomy, systematics, and ecological and climate change research. Mass digitization of these collections provides the opportunity to study broad biological patterns among specimens and their associated metadata at a scale that was previously impossible. The specimen metadata can also be used to study the contributions of the people that collected and identified these specimens. A proper accounting of these contributions impacts our understanding of the history of these collections and who played a role in their growth. Methodology. Here, we provide an assessment of the scientific contributions of past women in science at the Smithsonian Institution, focusing on their specimen collections and identifications. We evaluate natural history specimen collections records available from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and Smithsonian annual reports, volumes dating to the founding of the Smithsonian in 1846. Pivotal results. We identify 40 women with specimen collections or identifications, with a total of more than 120,000 total specimens attributed to them. In cases where specimens are not yet digitized, we are able to learn more about the women’s contributions using annual reports, which provide a richer picture of their work at the Smithsonian. This work relies on collaboration as well as deep institutional knowledge. We also release a semantic search application, which allows users to search the Smithsonian annual reports. Conclusions. Collections records are a rich resource, but there are significant barriers to accurate specimen attribution, which disproportionately affect women collectors and determiners. We propose ways that we might document these problems at scale and remedy cases of misattribution in digital repositories of record.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":"392 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72643753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collections-Based Science in the Twenty-First Century: A Tribute to the Botanical Giant Vicki Funk","authors":"W. L. Wagner, Jun Wen","doi":"10.1086/724308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724308","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue honors Dr. Vicki Ann Funk (November 26, 1947–October 22, 2019), who passed away after a battle with an aggressive cancer. She was a botanist at the Smithsonian Institution during her career from 1981 to 2019 after a postdoctoral year at the New York Botanical Garden. Vicki was an inspirational evolutionary biologist and a champion for collections-based systematics and biogeography. She had broad influence on the way we perform our collections-based systematics today, especially with the development of phylogenetic systematics in botany in the early 1980s and throughout her career. Vicki was one of the most active, enthusiastic, and passionate professional botanists of our time. She combined these qualities with a quick mind and glowing wit, always with new ideas or opinions that she was eager to share with anyone who would listen and be willing to enter an engaging dialogue. During her distinguished career, Vicki achieved preeminence in the fields of phylogenetic methods, systematics, biogeography, and biodiversity conservation. She devoted a significant part of her career to mentoring the next generation of botanists and working with groups to tackle larger areas of research, especially Compositae systematics, phylogenetics, and biogeography.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"30 1","pages":"405 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83915625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life without a Sporophyte: The Origin and Genomic Consequences of Asexual Reproduction in a Gametophyte-Only Fern","authors":"Jessie A. Pelosi, W. Barbazuk, Emily B. Sessa","doi":"10.1086/724824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724824","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. The vast majority of eukaryotes reproduce by sexual reproduction, which is accompanied by meiotic recombination. Asexual reproduction, including the loss of meiosis, has been well characterized in several animal lineages but is vastly understudied in plants and particularly in the gametophyte life stage. Here, we explore the genomic consequences of strict clonal reproduction in the gametophyte-only fern Vittaria appalachiana. Methodology. Using publicly available transcriptome assemblies, we assessed how asexual reproduction can alter genomic features by comparing the transcriptomes of the asexually reproducing V. appalachiana (Pteridaceae) with sexually reproducing species in the same family, including congener Vittaria lineata. We explored several hypotheses relating asexual reproduction to the efficacy of purifying selection, transposable element load, GC-biased gene conversion, and the role of whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Pivotal results. We found putative support for predicted genomic consequences of asexual reproduction, including decreased efficacy of purifying selection (particularly in genes related to the cell cycle), altered transposable element load, and decreased GC content in V. appalachiana. We identified two putative WGDs, shared by Pteridaceae and the most recent common ancestor of the Vittaria genus, which may have contributed to V. appalachiana’s persistence over evolutionary time without sexual reproduction. Conclusions. Vittaria appalachiana is a gametophyte-only fern that is well suited to address fundamental questions regarding the long-term genomic effects of asexual reproduction in ferns, where this phenomenon has had little scientific attention in plants. This initial exploration into the genomic consequences of asexual reproduction is one of the first in ferns and highlights several avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"43 1","pages":"454 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84861152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland Restoration Increases Mutualistic Benefits That Soil Biota Provide to Plants","authors":"Hamrazsadat Soozandehfar, K. MacColl, H. Maherali","doi":"10.1086/724224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724224","url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Many plant species engage in mutualistic symbioses with soil biota such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobium bacteria. Agricultural practices such as chemical fertilizer application and tilling can decrease the mutualistic functions of soil biota, but whether restoration of agricultural lands causes soil biota to increase mutualistic functions is not frequently studied. Methodology. To evaluate whether ecological restoration of agricultural lands increases mutualistic benefits that soil biota provide to plants, we grew a mycorrhizal- and rhizobium-responsive host plant (Trifolium pratense) in a common background soil that had been inoculated with soil biota from grasslands that had been restored in the past 9–12 yr and adjacent cultivated fields. Because both AM fungi and rhizobium are nutritional symbionts, we grew plants in each soil biota treatment under both low- and high-fertilizer amendments to assess whether mutualistic services would be reduced when nutrient availability was high. Pivotal results. Inoculation with soil biota from restored grasslands increased aboveground plant biomass by ~19% compared with cultivated fields, and this positive effect was observed at both low and high fertilizer levels. In the low-fertilizer treatment, percentage colonization of roots by AM fungi was 1.8 times higher in treatments receiving restored grassland versus cultivated field inoculum, but there was no difference in AM fungal colonization under high-fertilizer treatments. Rhizobium nodulation of roots did not differ between restored grassland and cultivated field inoculum sources in either fertilizer treatment. Conclusions. These results show that the mutualistic benefits of soil biota can increase following the restoration of previously cultivated fields to grasslands. The positive effect of soil biota on plant biomass was most likely caused by AM fungi rather than rhizobium bacteria. Increases in mutualistic benefits provided by soil biota can occur within a decade following grassland restoration of formerly cultivated agricultural fields.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"29 1","pages":"252 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75897814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/724752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724752","url":null,"abstract":"Next article FreeFront MatterPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by International Journal of Plant Sciences Volume 184, Number 2February 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/724752 Views: 52Total views on this site © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134941043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}