{"title":"Impact of Multispectral Image Fusion Methods on Visual Search Behavior","authors":"J. Lanir, M. Maltz","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321144","url":null,"abstract":"Image fusion has gained importance in various target-based tasks with the advance of multispectral imaging. In this study, we examine three different fusion methods by comparing human observers' target detection performance with the resultant fused images. In the experiment reported here, participants' eye movements were recorded as they searched for targets. We introduce a novel method to compensate for eye tracker precision limitations and to enable analysis of eye movement data of different image samples even for detection tasks with small targets. Results indicated that the false color and principal components fusion methods attracted observer attention; a result which we contend shows superiority of those fusion methods over simple averaging.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"25 5-6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132603099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A point of view on the linearity and nonlinearity of switched systems","authors":"E. Gluskin","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321113","url":null,"abstract":"A general principle, in terms of the switching instants, for determining whether a switched system is linear or nonlinear is suggested.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134624682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Approach to the Determination of Electric Power Quality Indices","authors":"A. Lipsky, N. Miteva","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321058","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach for defining the physical meaning of the basic electric power quality indices, determined by existing standards. According to the proposed approach the basic electric power quality indices represent the relative value of the distortion energy in a specific frequency interval, which affects different types of electric power equipment. Previously, changes in frequency characteristics of the voltage distortion and the electric equipment were taken into consideration only in very specific cases e.g. under estimation of flickers. However, these changes in frequency characteristics should be taken into consideration in all cases. The corresponding influence of voltage distortion has to be estimated during specific period of time; that is why it is necessary to analyze energy of distortion. Its allowed mean value corresponds to the norms of electric power quality indices.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114704519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Shared Memory Priority Queues with Two Discard Levels","authors":"Shlomi Bergida, Y. Shavitt","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321079","url":null,"abstract":"Two rate SLAs become increasingly popular in today¿s Internet, allowing a customer to save money by paying one price for committed traffic and a much lower price for additional traffic which is not guaranteed. These type of SLAs are suggested for all types of traffic from best effort to QoS constraint applications. In access networks, where these SLAs are prevalent, shared memory switches is a common architecture. Thus, dimensioning and management of shared memory queues for multiple priorities each with two levels of guarantees becomes an interesting challenge. We present a simple analysis of a multipriority multi discard level system controlled by a buffer occupancy threshold policy aimed at assuring service level agree- ment compliance for conforming (i.e., committed) traffic, and performance maximization for non-conforming (i.e., excess) traffic. Our analysis shows how the different system parameters: total buffer size, threshold position, and offered load control performance for the committed and excess traffic. Our results allow assuring high service level agreement compliance for conforming traffic, and performance maximization for non-conforming traffic.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133894734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multidimensional Visualization of Communication Networks","authors":"Yaron Singer, Ohad Greenshpan, A. Inselberg","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321106","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analyze structure and functionality of communication networks using parallel coordinates visualization. We transform a network with n nodes to n points in an n-dimensional space by using topological measures on the nodes in the network. We study communication networks on different levels of abstraction. We begin with visualization of subgraphs of the Internet AS graph and continue with visualization of networks on the IP level. Our method provides visual interpretation to network properties such as stability in instances of node-link failures, node back-up, node interdependence, and unique topological patterns common in communication networks. We show how these can be utilized in network study.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Model-based Transrating of H.264 coded video","authors":"N. Hait, D. Malah","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321128","url":null,"abstract":"A common approach for video transrating (bit rate reduction) is to requantize the transform coefficients. Optimal requantization aims to find a set of new step-sizes that achieve the target bit rate while introducing minimal distortion. Since the state of the art H.264 standard coder constrains requantization by limiting the amount of change in the quantization step-size from one macroblock to the next, the common Lagrangian optimization approach cannot be applied. We propose a solution to this dependency problem by extending each Lagrangian iteration with a constrained dynamic programming stage. Further, in order to reduce the computational load of evaluating the rate and distortion at each macroblock for multiple step-sizes, we suggest analytic models that can be applied for this purpose. The developed models are suitable for requantization and are matched to the context-adaptive entropy coding used in H.264. The proposed algorithm performs the requantization in the compressed domain and currently supports inter coded frames only. It reduces the run-time by a factor of 4, as compared to the full exhaustive optimization, and achieves up to 1[dB] gain in PSNR, as compared to a simple one-pass algorithm.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Integrated mm-Wave Motion and Proximity Detector Front-End","authors":"D. Gabbay","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321108","url":null,"abstract":"In sensor applications, millimeter wavelengths offer substantial advantages over lower frequencies. The application can benefit from relaxed bandwidth limits and wider Doppler frequency deviations. Circuit feature sizes are scaled down with the wavelength resulting in smaller and better integrated circuits than could be achieved at lower frequencies. Shorter wavelengths also enable higher spatial resolution given the same aperture. This may be irrelevant for a single sensor but could be utilized when many sensors are deployed to cover a large area in applications collectively known as \"Smart Dust\". Since mm-wave interconnects pose significant challenges in assembly precision, materials and therefore cost, a complete integration of all such circuits, interconnects and antenna within a single MMIC die lowers product cost and enables diverse applications. The resulting sensor can be used as a proximity and range detector and is aimed at low cost applications. Target security applications include perimeter control, intruder detection and identification. Machine vision, RFID and obstacle avoidance applications could also utilize such a sensor. This paper discusses design tradeoffs, implementation and results of one of several prototype sensor front-end devices implemented in GaAs MMIC technology.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128830607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Measure of Network Robustness","authors":"Yaron Singer","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the Dynamic Network Robustness (DYNER) method is introduced for the benefit of network robustness measurement. Its uniqueness is derived from consideration of backup efficiency in the network in instances of node deletion. By initiating artificial node deletions in the graph and calculating their effect on functionality, DYNER enables analysis of network robustness while considering backup in the network. Aside from discussion of its properties, results of application of DYNER on communication networks and synthetically generated networks with power-law degree distribution topology are presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126303597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asynchronous Bit-stream Compression (ABC)","authors":"A. Morgenshtein, A. Kolodny, R. Ginosar","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321063","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous signaling is used for high-speed data communication in large Systems-on-Chip in. The bandwidth limitations of serial link dictate a need for real-time compression techniques. In this paper we propose a new technique of Asynchronous Bit-stream Compression (ABC), based on Level Encoded Dual-Rail protocol. The ABC method is based on transitions added to LEDR protocol which allow simple identification of the compression code and ease its separate treatment in the receiver. This compression allows a significant saving in the transmission time and power without losing data. The concept of ABC is described in this paper together with the proposed architecture of its hardware components. Simulations results are presented for several data patterns with various differentiation rates. Application of ABC results in reduction of transmission time by 9% to 54% depending on type of source data.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121670698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Large and Small Signal Responses of \"AC inductor\" and \"DC inductor\" Based Chargers","authors":"I. Zeltser, S. Ben-Yaakov","doi":"10.1109/EEEI.2006.321123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEI.2006.321123","url":null,"abstract":"Two approaches of operating inductors in switched mode power converters are compared. The classic method, utilized in most PWM converters, is to place the inductor in a path that has a non-zero average current. Such inductors are referred to here as \"DC inductors\". In contrast, inductors that operate with zero average current are denoted \"AC inductors\". The theoretical analysis carried out in this paper compares the small signal response of the current in the DC and AC inductors as a function of various system parameters, such as input and output voltages and duty cycle, in the case of the DC inductor, and frequency in the case of the AC inductor. The analysis was supported by large and small signal model developed in this study and verified against analytically derived large and small signal equations. The small signal current response was derived by applying average models. The analytical derivations and simulations of this study were verified experimentally. Good agreement was found between the theoretical predications and the analytical results. Based on the results of this study one can conclude that \"AC inductor\" based topologies are optimal for current sourcing applications, such as battery chargers, where differences between the average input and output voltages are expected to exist and develop over time.","PeriodicalId":142814,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 24th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123408839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}