International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"EDITORIAL: PIONEERING THE FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE THROUGH ADVANCES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS","authors":"Prof. Dr. Abubakar Munir","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.149","url":null,"abstract":"With great delight and anticipation, I extend my heartfelt greetings to you as we commence a new venture with the latest release of the International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences (IJPIHS). This issue is particularly noteworthy as it highlights the pivotal domains of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, and Drug Delivery Systems, demonstrating their significant influence on applications in healthcare. \u0000In the ever-evolving landscape of pharmaceuticals and healthcare, the quest for innovative drug delivery systems has emerged as a pivotal force, reshaping the dynamics of patient care and treatment outcomes. This editorial aims to shed light on the ground-breaking advancements in novel drug delivery systems, as we navigate the frontiers of the pharmaceutical industry in our pursuit of improved therapeutic efficacy and patient well-being. In recent years, the field of drug delivery has witnessed a paradigm shift, driven by a convergence of interdisciplinary research, technological breakthroughs, and a deep understanding of physiological processes. The International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences is proud to contribute to this ongoing dialogue by showcasing the latest research and developments in novel drug delivery systems. \u0000One of the key challenges in traditional drug administration lies in achieving optimal drug concentrations at the target site while minimizing side effects. Novel drug delivery systems address this challenge by providing precise control over drug release kinetics, enhancing bioavailability, and enabling targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. This not only maximizes therapeutic effects but also minimizes adverse reactions, thereby improving patient compliance and overall treatment outcomes. \u0000Nanotechnology has emerged as a frontrunner in this domain, offering unprecedented opportunities for designing advanced drug delivery platforms. Nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles provide versatile carriers for drugs, allowing for controlled release and targeted delivery. These nanocarriers not only protect the drug from degradation but also facilitate its transport across biological barriers, opening new avenues for personalized medicine and tailored treatment strategies. \u0000As we delve into the articles featured in this issue of the International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences, we invite our readers to explore the multifaceted world of novel drug delivery systems. From cutting-edge research on nanomedicine to the implementation of smart drug delivery devices, the diverse contributions in this journal underscore the transformative potential of these innovations in reshaping the future of healthcare. I want to convey my appreciation to the readers of IJPIHS for their ongoing support and active involvement with our journal. Your commitment to staying informed and exchanging knowledge fuels our relentless pursuit of excellence. Thank you for being part of this remark","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR","authors":"Syed Hassan Murtaza, Ahmed Umer Sohaib, Tassawer-e-Meran, Sonam Anis, N. Ul, Hassan Khan, Kishwar Sultana","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) are usually prescribed in combination for the treatment of hepatitis C worldwide. Objectives: In the present study a novel, simple, rapid, and cost-effective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed, optimised, and validated for simultaneous analysis of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in human plasma as well as in solid dosage forms. Methodology: The chromatographic analyses were carried out using Shimadzu HPLC gradient system (LC20), while the other HPLC system used for the peak purity and repeated validation studies was Agilent 1260 Infinity fitted with diode array detector. The column used was C18 (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm), from Agela Technologies. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.02 M potassium Hexafluorophosphate buffer (42:58, v/v) at pH 2.7, pumped at the rate of 1.3 mL min−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined using dilution method (RSD/m formula). Results: SOF and DCV combination therapy is significant for the treatment of hepatitis C. Development of this RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of SOF and DCV is a part of an extensive project of novel formulation development (fixed dose combination tablets of SOF and DCV). This method is successfully applied for raw materials as well as in combination tablets. This method may also be applied for the quantification of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in blood samples of patients taking these two antivirals for hepatitis C treatment. Conclusion: The optimized method was successfully applied for the determination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in single run without any interference. Hence, the developed method is quite appropriate for the simultaneous determination of SOF and DCV in solid dosage form as well as in human plasma for clinical research studies.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN","authors":"Faran Khan, Marriam Ahmed, Maida Mushtaq, Sajjad Sajjad, Muhammad Aamir Rafique","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common problem in pregnant women. The primary drivers of anemia in pregnancy are ID, aplastic anemia, a lack of vitamin B12, and vitamin B9. ID is the most widely recognized and can lead to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Both ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are normal clinical illnesses in pregnant women. Anemia can cause a compromised immune system during pregnancy, leading to negative outcomes including premature birth and premature rupture of membranes. Objective: The objectives of this research are to determine the severity of ID among pregnant women and to check the associated risk factors for ID. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study in government hospitals in Lahore. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling techniques are used, and SPSS is used for data analysis. Results: According to this study, the prevalence of IDA is high. Out of 385 women, 96 are normal, 102 are mild, 129 are moderate, and 58 are anemic. All associated risk factors—level of education, trimester, gravidity, family planning, and animal source food values—were significantly positive. Conclusion: The iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevalence is high, and risk factors are high among pregnant women: living in rural areas, high gravidity, no family planning, and poor food from animal sources.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"454 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PRESCRIBING TRENDS OF ACE-INHIBITORS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF HAZARA REGION","authors":"Fiaz Alam, Ghazala Batool, Sidra Noureen, Muhammad Saad Khan, Mahnoor, Jamil ur Rehman, Iqra Zaman","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is good evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are beneficial after myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is not known how widely this evidence is used in practice or whether all eligible patients receive this therapy. Objective: In three sizable tertiary care hospitals in the Hazara region, the study's objective was to evaluate the usage of ACE-inhibitors in patients who had experienced MI. Methods: Data collection from patients was used to collect the cases and examine the prescription pattern of use of ACE inhibitors, combination-based therapy, reasons for prescribing ACE inhibitors in STEMI, or reasons for prescribing ACE inhibitors in NSTEMI. To determine if proof-based prescribing of ACE-inhibitors following MI is taking place, data about ACE-inhibitor prescriptions is compared with recommended criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate percentage frequencies. Results: There were 460 patients. 63.3% are male and 36.7% are female. 30% of patients who suffered an ST elevation MI received ACE inhibitors; in contrast, a greater part of patients (70%) who suffered a non-ST elevation MI received ACE inhibitors. 43.3% of the patients were prescribed ramipril, and 42% of the patients received lisinopril. Captopril, enalapril, quinapril, and fosinopril were prescribed to 7.4%, 5.4%, 1.5%, and 0.4% of patients, respectively. Ramipril was most commonly prescribed. It was also assessed that 44% of the patients received Β-blockers as combination therapy. The most prescribed Β-blocker was bisoprolol and then metoprolol. Conclusion: Most patients admitted to three tertiary care hospitals with myocardial infarction (MI) were prescribed an ACE inhibitor in an appropriate manner.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF DAUCUS CAROTA PECTIN AS A SUSPENDING AGENT IN ORAL DOSAGE FORMS","authors":"F. Owusu, Prince George Jnr Acquah, M. E. Boakye-Gyasi, M. Bayor, Desmond Asamoah Bruce Otu, Sarah Amankra Meta, Ama Amankwah Adu-Boampong","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suspensions are equilibrated two-phased thermodynamically unstable systems increasingly used in the stability and bioavailability enhancement of a myriad of drug substances. Biodegradable, biocompatible and cost-effective biopolymers such as pectin are becoming popular alternative suspending agents to decrease sedimentation and ensure uniformity and accuracy in drug dosing. Nevertheless, limited commercial pectin sources with ideal gelling properties necessitate the search for novel sources such as carrots, a versatile vegetable.  Objectives: The study therefore centred on the characterization and pharmaceutical evaluation of the suspending qualities of Daucus carota (carrot) pectin acquired from the conventional acid extraction procedure. Methodology: Fresh carrots were acquired, authenticated and processed before pectin extraction. The pectin extracted was characterized and evaluated for phytochemical properties such as proximate composition and degree of esterification. Different concentrations (1% and 2%) of carrot pectin and acacia gum (as a standard) were utilized in formulating paracetamol suspensions as suspending agents. Results: The pectin yield was 11.6% and contained glycosides, tannins, saponins, and phenols. FTIR analysis identified all the essential pectin functional groups while other characterization parameters showed quality high methoxyl pectin. Carrot pectin suspensions demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01) lower re-dispersibility and sedimentation rate when compared to acacia. The flow rate and sedimentation volumes were however non-significantly different. Conclusion: The characterization and suspending properties of carrot pectin have been successfully evaluated. Ultimately, acacia gum can be substituted with carrot pectin as a suspending agent.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THYMOQUINONE IN AMELIORATING THE ACQUISITION AND EXPRESSION OF VINCRISTINE INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE","authors":"Mehreen Arif, N. Rehman, H. Malik, Muhammad Usman, A. Tokhi, Syeda Sharmeen Shah, Prof Dr.Khalid Rauf","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) is the most severe consequence, causing both sensory and motor impairment with an incidence of between 19% and over 85%. Leukaemia, lymphoma, and sarcoma are just a few of the cancers that are treated using vincristine (VCR), a typical anticancer treatment used in chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy caused by vincristine is the primary impediment to the efficacy of ongoing anti-cancer treatment and continued use. Objectives: The current study's goal was to contemplate the significance of thymoquinone on the development and expression of vincristine-induced neuropathy. Methodology: All groups except normal saline were administered vincristine 0.1mg/kg i.p for 14 days. In selected groups Gabapentin (75mg/kg) and thymoquinone were administered at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/day for 14 days orally along with vincristine (acquisition) and once at day 14 (expression). Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were quantified on days 1, 6, and 14 after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The data were processed using the Students’t-test and post hoc Dunnett's test. Results: The acquisition and expression of thermal hyperalgesia as well as mechanical allodynia was significantly improved by thymoquinone at all the tested doses at days 6 and 14 as well as after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes significant improvement was observed. Conclusion: It is manifested that TQ can be an impending candidate for the management of vincristine-induced neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADVANCEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, 2023","authors":"Anum Safdar, Muhammad Usman Ghani, M. Sabar, Muhammad Umer Khan, Mureed Hussain, Khuram Aziz, Taha Hussain","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v5i1.114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid β deposition and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles. AD is a complex disease with a strong genetic component, and it is classified into three phases by the Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA): pre-pathology, plaque formation, and neural destruction. A number of therapeutic agents have been developed to reduce AD pathology and improve cognition. Objectives: The objective of this paper was to review recent advancements in AD treatment and cure. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the keywords \"therapeutic developments for AD\" and \"natural products as a drug for AD.\" Publications related to AD were retrieved, and the NCBI Clinical trial database was also searched to check drug status. Results: Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid β plaques, tau protein, and microtubule-associated protein have shown positive results in animal models, but they have failed in clinical trials. This is likely due to the fact that these antibodies are designed to target specific proteins that are not always present in the human brain. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this review, it is suggested that medicines based on natural extracts and combination therapy would be least toxic and more effective than single therapy. This is because combination therapy targets multiple pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. There is also a dire need to initiate AD research in Pakistan and facilitate the Pakistani community in early diagnosis and cure.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PRESENCE OF THE ANTI-STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIBODIES IN THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER.","authors":"Mohammad Umar Marri, Hina Marri, Bushra Tahreem, Idrees Marri","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A beta hemolyticus infection can cause a number of infections by different kinds of pathogenic mechanisms in the general population. These can range from streptococcal skin infections to rheumatic valve and heart diseases, as well as brain damage like encephalitis and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the presence of anti-streptococcus antibodies in bipolar affective disorder with respect to family history, educational background, and gender differences. Methodology: The sample was collected with patient consent during the past year from the Bolan Medical College Complex Hospital, the Quetta Department of Psychiatry’s out door and in-door patients and from private referrals. A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100 patients with a history of elated mood and low-grade fever in the absence of obvious causes, or if any causes were discovered after treatment, was conducted after carrying out their general physical and systemic examinations in order to include them in this study. Results: The positive anti streptolysin-o (ASO-titer) meaning more than 200 IU, is set for a positive result for the presence of the streptococcal antibody levels. In this study, the authors found a 29% prevalence of positivity. The variables are positive psychiatric family history, no education or poor educational background, and the third variable is the way the gender-based differences are, in males, the results are 71.7% and in females, it is 70% negative. Conclusion: The female gender, poor educational background, and positive family history are the main outcomes of this study.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF HYPERTENSION AWARENESS AMONG GENERAL POPULATION IN BAHAWALPUR, PAKISTAN: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Shahbaz Shahbaz, Waseem Abbas, Muhammad Subhan Nazar, Ahmad A. Umar, Muhammad Tariq, Ijaz ul Haq, M. Junaid","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, hypertension is one of the five major causes of death and has been identified as a serious public health issue. Hypertension therapy depends on patients' education, attitude, and awareness. The amount of public knowledge affects health policy. Still, there is lack of awareness about hypertension among the general population. Objectives: This research was conducted to assess the prevalence and awareness of hypertension (HTN) in the Bahawalpur region. Methodology: A descriptive Cross-sectional study was performed among the general population in   Bahawalpur with a self-structured questionnaire from March to June 2017. The questionnaire consisted of 35-questions, covering sociodemographic characteristics, disease awareness, disease management and prevention. Convenience sampling method was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the IBM SPSS version 20. Results: This survey had 420 respondents in total, for a response rate of nearly 88%. Participants' average age was 26.04 years and their standard deviation was 9.605 years. The majority of participants were female (49.1%). Only three individuals achieved a score of 20 and the mean score was 13.90 ± 2.803 out of 20. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis Males considerably outperformed females in the U-test for hypertension awareness (p>0.05). Additionally, living in an urban area, having better education, and having a higher socioeconomic level were all strongly linked to greater awareness of hypertension. Conclusion: These results showed urgent need for healthcare practitioners to pay attention to hypertension awareness campaigns. to reduce the anticipated prevalence of hypertension, researchers and policymakers must take necessary action.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NANO-DRUG DESIGNING STRATEGIES AND TARGETED APPLICATIONS FOR CANCER TREATMENT","authors":"Umar Noor, T. Ahmed, Saliha Khalid, Maryam Khalid, Ammara Sharif, Isra Noor, Warda Waheed, Ishmal Jamil, Zainab Sameen Zafar, U. Kulsum","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.68","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent medical improvements have not much of an influence on cancer patients' life expectancy throughout the world. Nano medicine is a cutting-edge topic in cancer therapy, with various well-tested techniques for delivering drugs. Objectives: Liposomes and other nanostructures are often used in therapeutic contexts and scientists in numerous countries are currently investigating polymer micelles. These structures will become more lucrative if they include chemicals that help with site-specific delivery and tailored release. The objective of the current review is to provide comprehensive information on nano-drugs. Methods: Liposomes, polymer micelles, and dendrites, among other well-known nanoparticle technologies, can be controlled and regulated to generate a more long-lasting and effective non-therapeutic modality. Occasionally, the term \"multistage drug delivery\" is used. This method, which employs a well-designed Nano-carrier, overcomes several biological barriers to medicine delivery. Results: Several multistage drug delivery system papers were reviewed for this study and their advantages were discussed with some pharmaceutical drug examples as well. Conclusions: We emphasize developments in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous delivery barriers and contend that intelligent nanoparticle design can boost effectiveness in general delivery applications especially cancer treatment while enabling customized designs for precision applications, ultimately improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":142550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132151906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}