J. Khong , A. Munro , Y. Wang , R. Tiwari , L. Robinson , A. France , S. Pan , N. Thorp , E. Smith , G. Whitfield
{"title":"Tumour and Dosimetric Parameters Associated with Radionecrosis in Ependymoma Treated with Proton Beam Therapy","authors":"J. Khong , A. Munro , Y. Wang , R. Tiwari , L. Robinson , A. France , S. Pan , N. Thorp , E. Smith , G. Whitfield","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Proton beam therapy (PBT) potentially reduces treatment-related neurocognitive decline. This study aimed to assess factors associated with neurocognitive changes in ependymoma patients treated with PBT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All cranial ependymomas treated with PBT from 01/2019 with baseline and 2-year neurocognitive assessment before 02/2024 were included. Neurocognitive outcomes were correlated with patient, tumour and treatment characteristics using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical variables and Spearman Correlation test for continuous variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one patients were included. Median age at PBT was 7 years (3-19). Prescription dose was 59.4Gy(RBE) in 33 fractions. Median pre-operative gross tumour volume (GTVpre-op) was 48.74cm3 (7.5-306.6) and clinical target volume (CTV) 54.2cm3 (11.6-232.8).</div><div>Processing speed (Symbol search) at 2-years was significantly better for posterior fossa (PF) (n=10) than supratentorial tumours (ST) (p=0.018) while PF location was associated with greater change (improvement) in motor skills over 2 years (p=0.033). There was a significant correlation between tumour laterality and change in verbal comprehension index (VCI) over 2 years (p=0.028), with all left-sided tumours (n=6) experiencing decrease, all right-sided tumours (n=5) experiencing increase and midline tumours (n=10) tending to show little change.</div><div>Hydrocephalus at diagnosis (n=8) (p=0.042) and systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) (n=15) (p=0.030) were correlated with lower perceptual fluid reasoning (PFR) at 2-year assessment.</div><div>At baseline, GTVpre-op was correlated with processing speeds (Coding) (PS) (p=0.0002), VCI (p=0.0145), Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) (p=0.042). At 2-year assessment, GTVpre-op was correlated with VCI (p=0.0054), FSIQ (p=0.017), and decline from baseline in PFR (p=0.0083), PS (p=0.045), and motor skills (p=0.043), while CTV was correlated with PS (p=0.040), VCI (0.025), FSIQ (p=0.013) and PFR decline from baseline (p=0.010).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests GTVpre-op, tumour location, laterality, hydrocephalus and SACT impact neurocognitive outcomes in ependymoma patients receiving PBT. Further studies are warranted to assess effect of dosimetric parameters on neurocognitive outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Page e3"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. McGovern , J. Johnson , D. Luo , K. Nguyen , M. McAleer , A. Paulino , D. Grosshans , P. Baxter , W. Zaky , P. Thall , A. Mahajan
{"title":"A Prospective Study of Conventionally Fractionated Dose Constraints for Reirradiation of Primary Brain Tumors in Children","authors":"S. McGovern , J. Johnson , D. Luo , K. Nguyen , M. McAleer , A. Paulino , D. Grosshans , P. Baxter , W. Zaky , P. Thall , A. Mahajan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Reirradiation is increasingly considered for recurrent pediatric brain tumors, but dosimetric guidelines are lacking. To identify composite dose-volume constraints for reirradiation of recurrent brain tumors in children, a prospective trial was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine children with recurrent brain tumors previously treated with radiation were prospectively reirradiated. Three had GBM, two had AT/RT, and one each had ependymoma, NGGCT, medulloblastoma, or meningioma. For all patients, DICOM format records of their prior radiation (RT1) fields were obtained and deformed onto the CT simulation for their second course of radiation (RT2). Conventionally fractionated treatment plans for RT2 satisfied dose constraints for RT2 alone and the composite sum of both courses (RT1+RT2). The primary endpoint was the rate of symptomatic brain necrosis at 6 months after RT2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median age at RT2 was 9.7y (range, 2.9 -6.8 y). Median interval between RT1 and RT2 was 19 months (range, 7–82 months). Treatment modality for RT2 was VMAT for seven patients and proton therapy for two patients. Median prescription dose for RT2 was 45 Gy (range, 30.6-60 Gy). Five patients were evaluable for the primary endpoint; none had symptomatic brain necrosis at 6 months after RT2. Four patients were not evaluble at 6 months due to death (n=2) or transition to hospice (n=2) by 6 months, all due to progression of disease. Median overall survival from RT2 start for all patients was 10.7 months (range, 5.2-46.4 months).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This prospective study suggests that conventionally fractionated reirradiation for recurrent brain tumors in children may be performed safely. These results provide a starting point for development of dose-volume constraints for pediatric brain reirradiation. Advanced technologies such as proton therapy may allow for reirradiation dose escalation while minimizing dose to surrounding critical structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages e13-e14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hina , M. Umer , L. Khan , B. Ahmed , M. Tariq , S. Abrar , A. Hafiz , N. Ali , A. Nadeem Abbasi , B. Qureshi
{"title":"Assessing Organ at Risk Doses and Dose Heterogeneity by Converting Isocenter Shifts to Absolute Couch Parameters in Craniospinal Irradiation","authors":"M. Hina , M. Umer , L. Khan , B. Ahmed , M. Tariq , S. Abrar , A. Hafiz , N. Ali , A. Nadeem Abbasi , B. Qureshi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess variation in organ at risk (OAR) doses and dose heterogeneity by converting isocenter shifts to absolute couch parameters in patients undergoing craniospinal irradiation (CSI).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 5 cases of standard risk medulloblastoma were selected from hospital database. Three additional treatment plans were generated for each case, with 3 consecutive shifts of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. A total dose of 2340 cGy was planned in 13 fractions at 180 cGy/fraction to craniospinal axis. Radiation technique, length of junction in cm, total number of junctions, reference and experimental doses to spinal cord and spinal canal along with maximum and minimum dose values relative to junction were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Majority of patients (n=4, 80%) were between 6-20 years of age. Three patients (60%) were treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and 2(40%) with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Two (40%) patients had a junction at 10 cm, and the remaining patients (20%) at 3 cm, 4 cm, and 12 cm each. Three (60%) patients had 1 junction while 2(40%) had 2 junctions. Mean dose change in percentage for spinal cord was 0.98%(2.88), 1.46%(2.94) and 1.83%(2.99) for 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm shifts respectively. Mean dose change in percentage for spinal canal was 1.28%(2.3), 1.64%(2.7) and 1.82%(2.8) for 1mm, 2mm and 3mm shifts respectively. The maximum dose change relative to junction was 2.42%(3.6), 3.52%(6.1) and 3.96%(9) for 1mm, 2mm and 3mm shifts, respectively. The minimum dose change was 3.26%(6.3), 4.22%(8.2) and 7.08%(11.1) for 1mm, 2mm and 3mm shifts, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study explored the impact of various shifts in treatment planning for CSI, highlighting the importance of enhanced treatment delivery strategies to ensure optimal delivery of prescribed doses and reduce dose heterogeneity for patients undergoing CSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Page e14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Embring , A. Asklid , M. Nilsson , I. Kristensen , M. Blomstrand , C. Fröjd , M. Agrup , A. Flejmer , A. Svärd , J. Engellau
{"title":"Reirradiation and Re-reirradiation of Pediatric Midline Gliomas","authors":"A. Embring , A. Asklid , M. Nilsson , I. Kristensen , M. Blomstrand , C. Fröjd , M. Agrup , A. Flejmer , A. Svärd , J. Engellau","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Children with midline gliomas have a dismal prognosis and current treatment options cannot offer cure. At progression after primary radiotherapy, reirradiation can be offered to relieve symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of children treated with reirradiation for midline glioma since implementing national guidelines in 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All children reirradiated for midline gliomas 2019-2023 in Sweden were retrospectively analysed. A review of medical records and treatment plans was performed to collect data on clinical and treatment characteristics, severe side effects, treatment effect and survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven patients were analysed and the median age at start of first reirradiation was 9 years (4-18). The median overall survival from end of first reirradiation was 5.6 months. The median follow-up was 4 months (0-14). The most common (91%) treatment at primary irradiation was 54 Gy in 30 fractions and at first (82%) and second (75%) reirradiation it was 20 Gy in 10 fractions. The median time between first and second irradiation was 8 months (4-27) and 6 months (6-7) between second and third irradiation. The median D2% to the brainstem was 74 Gy (59-91) at first reirradiation (n=11) and 95 Gy (77-95) at second reirradiation (n=4). In patients where the indication for reirradiation was progression of symptoms, 6 patients (67%) had relief of symptoms after reirradiation, and 3 patients (75%) had relief of symptoms after re-reirradiation. No patients had grade ≥3 side effects at reirradiation. One patient had acute respiratory grade ≥3 side effect (hyperventilation) at second reirradiation but recovered after treatment with steroids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implementation of national guidelines has harmonised how paediatric midline glioma are treated with reirradiation in Sweden. A structured follow-up shows that severe side effects are rare, and that reirradiation can offer relief of symptoms for selected patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Page e6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ABLATIVE Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: The Time Has Come for Innovation","authors":"Simona F. Shaitelman MD, EdM","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 623-625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Qureshi , K. Marcus , J. Parkes , N. Esiashvili , M. Riviello , M. Key
{"title":"Development Progress of Radiotherapy Recommendations For Low-/Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) via Adapted Resource and Implementation Application (ARIA) Adapted Management Guidelines (AMGs)","authors":"B. Qureshi , K. Marcus , J. Parkes , N. Esiashvili , M. Riviello , M. Key","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.11.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the development and current progress of the ARIA Guide AMG radiation oncology components (ROCs) for hodgkin lymphoma (HOD), low-grade glioma (LGG), unilateral retinoblastoma (RBU), and neuroblastoma (NBL).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The ARIA Guide AMGs are a systematically derived set of guidelines developed in four phases and adapted to all resource settings based on the input of global representative panels (GRPs) across all World Health Organization regions and World Bank income levels. The strategy, consensus, validation, and dissemination phases integrate existing evidence-based methods, rigorous consensus-based approaches via a classic Delphi process, and expert global representation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ARIA Guide GRPs for these four cancer types include 34 radiation oncologists from 17 different countries who have contributed 294 specific comments during three rounds of structured, iterative reviews for HOD, LGG, RBU, and NBL AMGs resulting in 105 AMG radiotherapy integrations. The Delphi statements collectively facilitated agreeance for 18 key controversial radiotherapy areas. Eight more cancer types are currently in strategy phase. All ROCs included indications for radiation therapy (RT); timing of consult and therapy; quality assurance; importance of RT plan peer review; and special considerations. Unique sections included disease-specific technical guidance and, for RBU, the availability of brachytherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Comprehensive global radiation oncology guidelines were uniquely derived and adapted across all resource settings in a clear, detailed, user-centric, and reasonable manner, enabling solutions for improving pediatric cancer care and closing the survival gap between resource settings. The draft (beta) versions in progress of select ARIA Guide AMGs are currently available at: ARIAguide.org (accessible both online and offline).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 3","pages":"Page e11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel M. Glicksman MD, MSc , Srinivas Raman MD , Xiang Y. Ye MSc , Philippe L. Bedard MD , Scott Bratman MD , Eric Chen MD , Peter Chung MBChB , Laura A. Dawson MD , Andrew Hope MD , Ali Hosni MBBCh , Joanna Javor CSRT , Patricia Lindsay PhD , Ciara O'Brien MD , Rebecca Wong MD , Aisling Barry MD , Joelle Helou MD
{"title":"The Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Oligoprogressive Malignant Disease (RADIANT): Oncologic Outcomes From a Phase 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Rachel M. Glicksman MD, MSc , Srinivas Raman MD , Xiang Y. Ye MSc , Philippe L. Bedard MD , Scott Bratman MD , Eric Chen MD , Peter Chung MBChB , Laura A. Dawson MD , Andrew Hope MD , Ali Hosni MBBCh , Joanna Javor CSRT , Patricia Lindsay PhD , Ciara O'Brien MD , Rebecca Wong MD , Aisling Barry MD , Joelle Helou MD","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In oligoprogressive (OP) cancer, there are a limited number of metastatic areas progressing on a background of stable or responding to widespread cancer. Although the standard of care for OP is changing systemic therapy (ST), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is being explored as an alternative local therapy targeting the sites of progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Materials</h3><div>RADIANT (NCT04122469) was a single-center phase 2 study of patients with metastatic genitourinary (GU), breast, and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, receiving ST for ≥3 months, with radiographic OP disease in ≤5 sites. Patients received SBRT for all OP disease in 1 to 5 fractions and were maintained on ST. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of change in ST, which was estimated using the Aalen-Johansen method. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, as well as toxicity and health-related quality of life. Comparisons between diagnosis groups were done using the log-rank test. A 2-sided <em>p</em> value <.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy patients were analyzed, with a median age of 69 years; 32 patients (46%) were women; the median number of lines of prior ST was 3. Primary sites were GU (n = 32; 46%), breast (n = 23; 33%), and GI (n = 15; 21%). The median follow-up was 12.3 months (IQR, 8.2-21.6 months). At 1 year, change in ST occurred in 47% (95% CI, 36%-61%) (GU 45%, breast 41%, and GI 60%; <em>p</em> = .23). PFS at 1 year was 32% (95% CI, 23%-45%), and median PFS was 4.7 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.1) (GU 4.8, breast 6.5, and GI 3.2), which significantly differed by disease type (<em>p</em> = .006). Overall survival was 75% at 1 year (95% CI, 65%-87%), which significantly differed between cancer types (GU 86%, breast 96%, and GI 22%; <em>p</em> < .001). The cumulative incidence of late grade ≥2 toxicity was 1.2%, with 1 patient experiencing late grade 3 toxicity and no grade 4 to 5 acute or late toxicities. Health-related quality of life declined from the mean (SD) of 66.9 (20.2) at baseline to 60.5 (22.2) at 6 months, which did not meet the threshold for a minimal clinically important difference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SBRT for OP metastases delayed change in ST in approximately half of patients, warranting investigation in randomized trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 292-306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer is Getting Mature: 10-Year Outcomes From 3 Prospective Trials","authors":"Constantinos Zamboglou PhD , Stefano Arcangeli PhD , Sophia C. Kamran PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.09.052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14215,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 331-332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}