International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology最新文献

Contribution of high fat diet to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in rats 高脂饮食对大鼠妊娠期糖尿病的影响

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2022.0146

Saada M. Mbepera, S. Mshamu, Robert A. Max, J. Malago

引用次数: 0

Toxicological assessment of ethanolic extracts of Annona senegalensis and Trichilia prieureana in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Benin 槟榔和赤毛菌乙醇提取物治疗贝宁2型糖尿病的毒理学评价

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2021.0144

Bidossessi Roland Kangbéto, S. E. Attakpa, F. Guinnin, M. Sènou, L. Lagnika

引用次数: 2

Pathophysiological mechanisms of maternal pro-inflammatory mediators in preterm labour 母体促炎介质在早产中的病理生理机制

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2021.0140

Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame, Bayor Fidelis

{"title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of maternal pro-inflammatory mediators in preterm labour","authors":"Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame, Bayor Fidelis","doi":"10.5897/jpap2021.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpap2021.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Available therapeutic interventions for managing preterm labour have not been consistently successful due to controversies related to its etiology. Multiple mechanisms, including inflammation play a significant role in the pathogenesis of preterm labour. The connective tissue extracellular matrix of the amniochorion contains collagen fibres that maintain the tensile strength of the amniochorion, resisting mechanical stress and preventing rejection of the fetal allograft. Expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the amniochorion triggers production of prostaglandins in the uterus and enzymatic degradation of the resilient extracellular matrix of the fetal membranes by matrix metalloproteinases leading to uterine contractions and cervical remodelling resulting in preterm labour. This review appraises the pathophysiological mechanisms of pro-inflammatory mediators in spontaneous preterm labour and their associations with multi-factorial etiological pathways. The physiological pathways and biological mechanisms of uterine activity during pregnancy and parturition are also discussed. Finally, the review provides an overview of the biological basis of common therapeutic agents for treating preterm labour. In this review, keywords related to pathophysiological mechanisms of maternal proinflammatory mediators in preterm labour and clinical management were used in the literature search from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The snowball sampling methodology was further employed to obtain a comprehensive literature search. pro-inflammatory mediators, pathophysiological Pathophysiological mechanisms, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, spontaneous preterm labour, preterm birth, uterine activity, tocolytics, treatment of preterm labour and placental injury. The snowball search technique search for","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86145695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acute toxicity profile of ethanolic extracts of Croton gratissimus Burch and Schrankia leptocarpa DC in rats: Medicinal plants used in the treatment of arterial hypertension in Beninese traditional medicine 巴豆和细爪兰乙醇提取物对大鼠的急性毒性:贝宁传统医学中治疗高血压的药用植物

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2021.0143

A. Koutchiko, S. E. Attakpa, Rodrigue Akotegnon, F. Guinnin, M. Sènou, A. M. Amoussa, L. Lagnika, H. Sina, H. Yédomonhan, F. Baba-Moussa, A. Sezan, L. Baba-Moussa

{"title":"Acute toxicity profile of ethanolic extracts of Croton gratissimus Burch and Schrankia leptocarpa DC in rats: Medicinal plants used in the treatment of arterial hypertension in Beninese traditional medicine","authors":"A. Koutchiko, S. E. Attakpa, Rodrigue Akotegnon, F. Guinnin, M. Sènou, A. M. Amoussa, L. Lagnika, H. Sina, H. Yédomonhan, F. Baba-Moussa, A. Sezan, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.5897/jpap2021.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpap2021.0143","url":null,"abstract":"Croton gratissimus Burch. and Schrankia leptocarpa DC. are two plants from the Beninese flora which are traditionally used for the treatment of arterial hypertension. The present study investigated the acute toxicity of ethanolic extracts of these plants. The experiment was conducted according to OECD guideline 423 categories 5 using a single dose of 5000mg/kg of the extracts. The average lethal doses (LD 50 ) of the extracts are higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The oral administration of C. gratissimus and Schrankia leptocarpa extracts to the rats of all groups provoked a significant decrease in the plasma levels of AST ( P < 0.05) compared to the control batch between day 1 and day 14. There was no significant alteration in the creatinine levels in the all treated groups. The authors results showed that acute treatments with C. gratissimus and Schrankia leptocarpa extracts significantly (p<0.05) elevated serum total protein. However, the administration of the Schrankia leptocarpa extract to rats resulted in a statistically significant decrease (p< 0.05) in WBCs, GRA in the different batches between day 1 and day 14. The Schrankia leptocarpa extract caused a significant increase (p< 0.05) in MCV, in haematocrit, in blood platelets between day 1 and day 14. The C. gratissimus extract caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in blood platelets, in neutrophil in the different batches between day 1 and day 14. It appears that the extracts can be used therapeutically and that C. gratissimus may have hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory effects. Finally, Schrankia leptocarpa in addition to an immunostimulant effect could prevent microcytic anaemia.","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91345180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Intentional mismatch in primer design to stabilize discrimination of CFTR and adenovirus targets 引物设计故意错配以稳定CFTR和腺病毒靶标的区分

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2021.0138

L. B. Emma, D. Katelyn, Sekar Akhil, Gislason Kate, W. Caleb, J. R. Michael, B. Douglas

引用次数: 0

Assessment of endothelial function in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征受试者内皮功能的评估

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2021.0142

B. Fatoumata, Bintou Sar Fatou, B. Abdoulaye

引用次数: 0

Antifertility effects of crude extracts from Acacia nilotica pods and Albizia lebbeck stem bark in female multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis 合欢豆荚和合欢茎皮粗提物对雌性多雌大鼠的抗生育作用

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/JPAP2021.0137

L. M. Mwangengwa, G. Bakari, N. Kanuya, R. Max

{"title":"Antifertility effects of crude extracts from Acacia nilotica pods and Albizia lebbeck stem bark in female multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis","authors":"L. M. Mwangengwa, G. Bakari, N. Kanuya, R. Max","doi":"10.5897/JPAP2021.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAP2021.0137","url":null,"abstract":"The study's main objective was to assess any pathophysiological significance of Acacia nilotica pods aqueous extract and Albizia lebbeck stem bark methanolic extract on the reproductive system of female multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis). A total of 60 sexually mature female rats were randomized into a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design for treatments (Control, A. nilotica, and A. lebbeck) and treatment duration (7 or 14 days). Control rats consumed basal feed only, whereas extract-treated rats consumed the basal feed containing 2% w/w of either of the two plant extracts. At the end of treatment duration, treated female rats were cohabited with males for 16 days and sacrificed 20 days after the first day of cohabitation. Parameters including pregnancy rates, number of fetal implantations, possible resorption sites and fetal litter size were assessed at necropsy. Further post-necropsy parameters were evaluated in ovaries including the ovarian weights, follicular and corpora lutea numbers and general histopathology. Results showed that pregnancy percentages, the number of fetal implantations and fetal litter size were significantly reduced (P 0.05). However, the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in ovaries of rats under extract treatments than in their control counterparts. Instead, ovaries of rats receiving the two extracts contained a larger number of degenerating follicles, signifying halted ovulatory and conception activities. The current study has demonstrated that dietary inclusion of crude extracts from A. nilotica pods and A. lebbeck stem bark can lead to decreased fertility success rates in M. natalensis female rats through suppression of ovulatory activities and induction of follicular atresia. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rodent pests, medicinal plants, fertility success, reproductive system.","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86304517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Adropin and irisin levels in a rat model of hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退大鼠模型中的促肾上腺素和鸢尾素水平

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.5897/jpap2020.0134

M. Y. Rezk, R. Atia

{"title":"Adropin and irisin levels in a rat model of hypothyroidism","authors":"M. Y. Rezk, R. Atia","doi":"10.5897/jpap2020.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpap2020.0134","url":null,"abstract":"No available data exists about the relation of adropin and irisin levels and body weight in hypothyroidism. This work was designed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adropin levels and thyroid hormones. 40 male rats were divided into 2 groups: Control (C) group (10 rats) and hypothyroid group (30 rats). After induction of hypothyroidism, 18 rats increased in body weight (Hypothyroid overweight HO) and 12 rats did not show any significant weight gain (hypothyroid with normal body weight) (HNBW). Body mass index (BMI), adropin, irisin, T3, T4, and TSH were measured. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), serum HDL and LDL levels were estimated. Significant reductions were found in adropin and irisin levels in HO group compared with C and HNBW groups (p<0.001). T3 and T4 were significantly reduced in HO and HNBW groups compared with C group (p<0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between adropin, irisin levels (r=- 0.7967** and -0.7944, respectively) and BMI. Significant (p < 0.01) positive correlations were found between adropin (r=0.7095), irisin (r=0.711) and T3. Significant (p < 0.01) negative correlations were found between adropin and VLDL, TG, TC and LDL (r= -0.968, -0.966, -0.953 and -0.945, respectively) and positively correlated with HDL (r=0.415). Also, irisin was found to be negatively correlated with TG, TC, LDL and VLDL (r=-0.9251, -0.8579, -0.9688 and -0.9769, respectively) and positively correlated with HDL (r=0.5526). Reductions in adropin and irisin levels might be a part of overweight production observed in hypothyroidism. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adropin, hypothyroidism, body mass index, irisin, weight gain.","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90583653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids confer protection against gentamicin-induced testicular injury: Novel insights into possible mechanisms Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对庆大霉素引起的睾丸损伤具有保护作用:对可能机制的新见解

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/JPAP2019.0126

Azza S Abdelhaffez, O. Hussein, Amal Rateb, M. Yousef

{"title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids confer protection against gentamicin-induced testicular injury: Novel insights into possible mechanisms","authors":"Azza S Abdelhaffez, O. Hussein, Amal Rateb, M. Yousef","doi":"10.5897/JPAP2019.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAP2019.0126","url":null,"abstract":"Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside that has harmful effects on the male germ cells and sperm quality. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are natural antioxidants that influence cell signaling and inflammation. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heat shock proteins (HSP) aid in cellular protection against cellular insults. This study aimed to explore the potential alleviating influences of treatment with n-3 PUFA on GM-induced testicular damage. Thirty-two albino male rats were divided into four equal groups. (1) The control group received normal saline, (2) the n-3 PUFA group received 100 mg/kg body weight/day n-3 PUFA daily for 4 weeks, (3) the GM group received 100 mg/kg/day GM intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and (4) the GM + n-3 PUFA group received intraperitoneal GM for ten days followed by treatment with n-3 PUFA for 4 weeks. Significant reductions in sperm motility, viability, serum testosterone, total testicular protein, and germinal epithelium height were observed in the GM-treated group, with upregulation of the oxidative stress markers, HO-1 mRNA, and HSP70, and downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We also observed cellular disorganization, vacuolation, tubular distortion, and a significantly higher percentage of collagen. Ultra-structurally, most of the spermatogenic cells were electron dense and degenerated with rarefied cytoplasm. Treatment with n-3 PUFA resulted in a significant increase in sperm motility, viability, serum testosterone, and in the germinal epithelium height. Upregulation of HO-1 mRNA, HSP70, and PCNA expression and a significant reduction in the oxidative stress index were also observed. The findings confirm the potential ameliorative role of and imply novel mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA protects against GM-induced testicular injury. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, gentamicin, oxidative stress, testis, male infertility.","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81037383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of the cytoprotective effects of anti-ulcer agents in acid-alcohol induced gastric ulceration in wistar rats 抗溃疡剂对酸性酒精致大鼠胃溃疡细胞保护作用的评价

International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/JPAP2019.0125

Nworgu Choice, C. Ani, Ugwuishi Emeka, Okorie Pamela, A. Pamela, Ugwu Princewill, Uzoigwe Jide, I. Uzoma, Nwachukwu Daniel

{"title":"Evaluation of the cytoprotective effects of anti-ulcer agents in acid-alcohol induced gastric ulceration in wistar rats","authors":"Nworgu Choice, C. Ani, Ugwuishi Emeka, Okorie Pamela, A. Pamela, Ugwu Princewill, Uzoigwe Jide, I. Uzoma, Nwachukwu Daniel","doi":"10.5897/JPAP2019.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAP2019.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate studies have been done using proton pump inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonist and only few studies for cyto-protective and gastric acid secretions have been done in Nigeria. Therefore this work studied the cyto-protective and gastric acid secretory effects of rabeprazole, ranitidine, omeprazole and cimetidine in wistar rats. 28 male wistar rats of weights 300 to 400 g were recruited and randomly divided into seven experimental groups of 4 rats each. Ulcers were induced via oral administration of a mixture acid alcohol (Ethanol and HCl). Group A: Ulcer alone; Group B: 20 mg/kg Rabeprazole + Ulcer; Group C: 20 mg/kg Rabeprazole + 20 mg/kg Ranitidine + Ulcer. Group D: Normal control group received clean drinking water ad libitium. Group E: 20 mg/kg Omeprazole + Ulcer. Group F: 20 mg/kg ranitidine + ulcer. Group G: 100 mg/kg cimetidine + ulcer. At the end of the treatment and induction, volume of gastric acid secreted, pH values, Ulcer index, stomach and body weights were analyzed statistically. There were significant decrease (P<0.05) in the volume of gastric acid secreted for the groups that received the ranitidine and rabeprazole compared to group A (ulcer alone). The pH values of the groups that received the proton pump inhibitors were neutralized at the end of the experiment which shows a better cyto-protective effects of the drugs and there were significant differences (P<0.05) among those groups E, F and G compared to group A. The animals with lesser stomach weights have more ulcers index compared to those with higher stomach weights. This research showed that groups treated with a combination of rabeprazole and ranitidine has a better potency for the management of gastric ulcer patients. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ulcer, acid-alcohol, Rabeprazole, Ranitidine, Omeprazole, Ranitidine, Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":14192,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2