International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

{"title":"Social interaction between the coast and the highlands of Chile's arid north (20°S) during the mid-Holocene: The case of Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) and Hippocamelus antisensis (d'Orbigny, 1834)","authors":"Patricio López,&nbsp;Lucio González,&nbsp;Ximena Power,&nbsp;Sebastián Ibacache","doi":"10.1002/oa.3358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article discusses the archaeological implications of the discovery of the highland species <i>Hippocamelus antisensis</i> (Cervidae) and <i>Vicugna vicugna</i> (Camelidae) in two coastal contexts in the Atacama Desert (20°S, Chile). <i>H. antisensis</i> is currently distributed throughout the Peruvian Andes, northern Chile, western Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, between 1800 and 5500 m above sea level. <i>V. vicugna</i> is distributed throughout northern Peru and northwestern Argentina, in environments that exceed 3200 m above sea level. The archaeological record of deer antlers on the Atacama coast has previously been documented at the Caleta Huelén-42 site (21°S). In the case of <i>V. vicugna</i>, fibers have been recovered only at the coastal site of Camarones-14 (19°S). A dating of 4180 ± 20 year BP obtained from <i>V. vicugna</i> bone and indirect dating of the antlers suggest an early social exchange between groups from coastal regions and those from the Atacama Desert Mountain range, as well as encourage to the potential record of remains/products of these animals in areas far from their natural habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation processes in the osteoarchaeological record between the Iron Age and the Roman times with reference to the civitas Treverorum","authors":"Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen","doi":"10.1002/oa.3353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses transformations in human behavior between the Iron Age and the Roman times in the tribal territory of the <i>Treveri</i>, later <i>civitas Treverorum</i>, located between the Rhine and the Ardennes. This aspect has been examined from two perspectives: first, from an anthropological point of view vis-a-vis the historical inhabitants, and second, from an archaeozoological perspective regarding domestic animals. Due to small sample sizes and/or difficulty in dating, both regarding humans and domestic animals, transformations in living conditions and animal-keeping could mostly be outlined only for the La Tène and Roman times. Only the Celtic-Roman cemetery of Wederath-Belginum with continued use from middle La Tène to late antiquity offers a more complex insight into human mortality and animal offerings. People lived longer in the Roman times but had more pathologies compared with the previous La Tène period. Body height remained similar in the La Tène and Roman times. However, differences existed within specific human groups (for example, warriors and craftsmen), compared to the normal population. Sex differences in mortality persisted from La Tène to Roman times. The faunal composition in the burials, settlements, and sanctuaries also shows changes. Since the middle La Tène period, chickens have been present. The first oysters can be found in Augustean times, whereas exotic birds such as crested fowls and peacocks are found only in later Roman times and are quite rare. A new direction in animal-keeping is demonstrated via an increasing logarithmic size index (LSI) in cattle and sheep. The multivariate methods applied in this study offer further insights into the domain and can serve as helpful tools for osteoarchaeological data analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of TV documentaries to disseminate osteoarchaeology more widely: The good, the bad, and the ugly","authors":"Piers D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/oa.3339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3339","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;There is clearly merit in undertaking quality osteoarchaeological research and then publishing it in a peer reviewed scientific journal. This is a tried and tested method that results in an academic resource that is generally regarded as more trustworthy than forms of publication that have not passed through the peer review process (Alberts et al., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). However, if such articles are to only be read by other experts in the field, then the breadth of audience who can appreciate the work will be restricted to a select number. As universities in different parts of the world are commonly funded by governments using taxes, by students paying fees, and by donations and sponsorship (Johnstone &amp; Marcucci, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;), it is only fair that we share the science undertaken in those universities with the general public who are the ultimate source of that finance. That way, they will benefit educationally from the research and also understand that their taxes or fees are well spent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One option available to us to disseminate our discoveries to a wider audience is a press release. If the research is a topic with a clear public interest, putting out a press release through a university media office to coincide with the publication of the journal article is a very efficient approach (Bartram, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). This is because it can result in journalists publishing their stories online, in print media, and sometimes interviews on the radio and TV news. It can lead to the number of people hearing about our discoveries being numbered in the hundreds of thousands or even in the millions. However, not all universities have a media office and only a proportion of osteoarchaeologists work in universities. Therefore, it will not be a viable approach for everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another option to disseminate osteoarchaeology more widely is for researchers to invite a TV company to film a documentary about their research project (Hollyn, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). The osteoarchaeologist can browse the websites of TV documentary companies that have previously worked on archaeological and historical topics and contact those who have made good quality programs in the past. If the excavation site is of sufficient public interest to make a promising documentary whatever is found during the dig, then the actual excavation might be filmed. However, often, it is only during the laboratory analysis that the significant discoveries are made that would make the topic worthy of a documentary. In such a scenario, the documentary team may need to focus their filming on the laboratory stage of the research process. Timing the first broadcast of documentaries to match the date of peer reviewed publication, or for broadcast to be after the academic publication, can greatly increase the confidence academics and other viewers will have regarding the accuracy of the content of that program. The way in which TV documentaries can be sold on to a range of networks so they ar","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of human isotopic data (8000–5000 BP) reveals subsistence strategies and social complexity at the southeast edge of the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Sha Lei,&nbsp;Yaowu Hu","doi":"10.1002/oa.3345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The southeast edge of the Loess Plateau (SELP) is a crucial area for studying subsistence strategies and social complexity in prehistoric China. Currently, no systematic isotopic study has been conducted to reveal shifts in subsistence strategies and their link to the trajectory of social complexity. This paper compiles previously published isotopic data from human and fauna bones at 24 sites dating from 8000 to 5000 BP, aiming to uncover diachronic changes in subsistence strategies and their relationship with social complexity. The results indicate a gradual increase in millet consumption by humans and an increasing utilization of millet-based byproducts as feed for domestic animals (pigs and dogs) over time. The isotopic data of humans and animals demonstrate the establishment of millet agriculture during the Early Yangshao period (7000–6000 BP). Millet agriculture creates a crucial material foundation for population growth and cultural prosperity. Two modes of millet cultivation, intensive and extensive, are proposed to explain the continuous development of millet agriculture since the Early Yangshao period. Finally, significant dietary heterogeneity among the human population during the Late Yangshao period strongly suggests the emergence of social differentiation and complexity, supported by other archaeological evidence such as settlement hierarchies and the presence of exquisite objects in burials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence and sharp force trauma in Nusaybin/Girnavaz Mound/Türkiye Late Roman–Early Islamic human remains","authors":"Tolga Köroğlu,&nbsp;Ayla Sevim Erol,&nbsp;Mert Ocak,&nbsp;Kaan Orhan","doi":"10.1002/oa.3352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Girnavaz Mound (Höyük), located in modern Türkiye, was studied between 1982 and 1991. The mound, inhabited from the Late Uruk Period to the Neo-Assyrian Period, was later abandoned and repurposed as a cemetery during the Late Roman–Early Islamic Period. Anthropological studies on skeletons from this cemetery analyzed 148 individuals from this period, revealing notable trauma in five individuals. This study examines the skeletal remains of four individuals with perimortem sharp force trauma and one individual with an in situ arrowhead injury. Macroscopic and CT analyses indicated that both perimortem and antemortem trauma were intentional. The skull and body bones of four individuals displayed incision trauma likely inflicted by sword-like cutting weapons, suggesting murder and decapitation, possibly as a form of execution. One individual had an arrowhead lodged in the tibia, indicating the person lived for some time with the injury and was buried with the arrowhead. This study aims to infer the period's political conflicts and cultural structures based on the trauma evidence. The findings suggest that the observed trauma may be linked to massacres and murders resulting from regional conflicts. This study offers exemplary insights into the mechanics and analysis of sharp force and perimortem trauma. Additionally, it sheds light on the social and historical context of the period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity and change in animal husbandry during the Later Iron Age of Britain","authors":"Matteo Bormetti,&nbsp;Umberto Albarella","doi":"10.1002/oa.3351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Later Iron Age in Britain was a transformative period: material culture, settlement patterns, technology, trade networks, and the structures of power changed, ultimately leading to the Roman invasion. This paper examines the significance of investigating animal economies in this period within the broader context of socio-economic developments. It reviews the available evidence regarding animal economies in this period, integrates new osteometric analyses, and discusses diachronic changes using the Roman evidence on a comparative basis. The investigation shows a broad pattern of continuity of practice, with relatively uniform livestock types and management strategies until the very end of the Iron Age. This suggests that the trajectory of local farming practices was largely independent from Mediterranean developments. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Iron Age societies and their response to external influences, while also informing future research directions in archaeology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into differential use of ocher in burials at Khok Phanom Di, Thailand","authors":"Sarah Elizabeth Paris","doi":"10.1002/oa.3348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ocher has been observed as a feature of burial traditions around the world, throughout history and prehistory. In Southeast Asia ocher first appears in Hòabìnhian burials; however, it is used discriminately, varying within and between sites. Understanding the selection process for individuals with pigmented burials has been difficult due to their limited number. The site of Khok Phanom Di, Thailand, dating from ~4000 to 3500 BP, reflects the variation of pigment use seen in earlier sites, with 82% of burials found to have ocher. The cemetery's uninterrupted use for ~500 years, the high number and standard of preservation of human remains, and nearly four decades of bioarcheological research have facilitated a detailed study of the use of pigment in relation to bioarcheological factors. This work examines the relationship between the presence or absence of ocher within a burial and chronology, age, sex, mobility, funerary behavior, and spatial organization to understand whether there was a relationship between selective use of ocher and these attributes. The results found a relationship between ocher use and burial chronology, grave type, grave goods, and age. Multivariate analysis demonstrates that age interacts with the other predictors of ocher. Burials without ocher are almost exclusively those of perinates, these were commonly small, shallow “scoop” burials without grave goods. The presence of ocher in ~38% of perinate burials illustrates the complexity of selective pigment use and demonstrates the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A visual guide for the Brabant index to score dental macrowear quantity and direction","authors":"Judyta Olszewski,&nbsp;Jason Hemingway,&nbsp;Victoria E. Gibbon","doi":"10.1002/oa.3349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to reduce subjectivity bias in scoring dental macrowear quantity and direction using the Brabant index, which previously relied solely on written descriptions. To achieve this, we present a new, optimized visual guide incorporating buccal and lingual scores. The optimization process involved conceptualizing and illustrating a visual guide using Holocene southern African hunter-gatherer and herder teeth, featuring both buccal and lingual scores for multicuspid teeth. The guide was hand-drawn using a stippling technique and digitized to depict surface details for each wear stage and tooth type. We conducted intra- and inter-observer assessments to evaluate the optimized method using both the original and optimized Brabant indices. Statistical analysis was performed in R using Cohen's kappa for direction and Cohen's weighted kappa for quantity. Intra-observer results for the original method yielded kappa values of 0.84 for direction and 0.94 for quantity, while the optimized version both resulted in improved values of 0.99. Inter-observer results revealed some differences between an inexperienced and an experienced observer. The inexperienced observer achieved kappa scores of 0.20 for direction and 0.86 for quantity with the original method, and 0.17 and 0.80, respectively, with the optimized version. The experienced observer's results using the original index were 0.66 for direction and 0.89 for quantity, and 0.75 and 0.96, respectively, with the optimized version. These findings demonstrate that the optimized method enhances data reliability for experienced observers, highlighting the value of a published visual guide and multicuspid scoring adjustments. However, reduced or unappreciable changes in accuracies for the inexperienced observer illustrate the need for dental expertise when scoring for dental wear, even with a modified method.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of urbanization on growth patterns of non-adults in medieval England","authors":"Sina D. White,&nbsp;Sophie L. Newman,&nbsp;Charlotte Primeau,&nbsp;Patrick Mahoney,&nbsp;Chris A. Deter","doi":"10.1002/oa.3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non-adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto-urban, and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non-adults (0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (<i>n</i> = 60), urban York Barbican (<i>n</i> = 16), proto-urban Black Gate (<i>n</i> = 38), and rural Raunds (<i>n</i> = 30) were examined using z-scores. The results reveal that non-adults &lt; 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with the highest growth values. Further, non-adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading between the lines: A study of Harris lines in Middle Holocene foragers of the Cis-Baikal","authors":"Lauren M. Michelman,&nbsp;Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii,&nbsp;Andrzej W. Weber,&nbsp;Angela R. Lieverse","doi":"10.1002/oa.3340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harris lines (HLs) are radiographically visible transverse lines of thickened bone that develop from temporary growth cessation during early life. Often attributed to physiological stress during development, HLs are frequently observed in the long bones of adolescents and become less visible over time due to bone remodeling. In recent years, the validity of HL as a sign of stress has been called into question and the methods used in studying HL through X-ray analysis scrutinized. In this study, 80 individuals from the Middle Holocene Cis-Baikal region of Siberia, from the Early Neolithic (EN; 7560–6660 HPD cal. BP) and Late Neolithic (LN; 6060–4970 HPD cal. BP), were studied for the presence and severity of HL. Radiographic analysis employed both the traditional clinical anteroposterior (A–P) orientation and a potentially improved mediolateral (M–L) orientation. EN groups in the Cis-Baikal are known to have experienced higher levels than their LN counterparts; thus, if HL reflect stress experiences, we expected to see more HL in the EN population compared with the LN population. We also expected more visible HL in the M–L orientation due to the suggested improvement in capturing more lines compared with the A–P orientation. While the results support the use of M–L orientation during X-ray capture of HL, there was not a higher number of HL in the EN population as expected. Instead, no significant differences were found in HL severity between the EN and LN populations, and age-at-death resulted in a greater effect on HL counts regardless of mortuary site. The results from this study align not with known stress data from the Middle Holocene Cis-Baikal populations but rather with data pertaining to known growth patterns. We therefore advocate against the use of HL as a sign of physiological stress and instead suggest HL as a reflection of bone growth trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}