O. Kester, S. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, C. Hoehr, T. Raubenheimer
{"title":"The 9th international particle accelerator conference, IPAC’l8","authors":"O. Kester, S. Koscielniak, M. Marchetto, C. Hoehr, T. Raubenheimer","doi":"10.1063/1.5127675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127675","url":null,"abstract":"The International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC) is the main international event for the worldwide accelerator community and industry. It is the venue where researchers present cutting-edge accelerator developments and the latest status of accelerator facilities across the globe. The 9th IPAC, IPAC’18, was held in Vancouver, British Columbia from April 29 to May 4, 2018. With almost 1300 delegates and 90 industrial exhibitors, over 1500 submitted papers, the conference delivered a natural hub for scientific discussion, collaboration meetings and discussions with public program managers and industry and made it a very successful conference. Some conference statistics and scientific high lights will be presented.The International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC) is the main international event for the worldwide accelerator community and industry. It is the venue where researchers present cutting-edge accelerator developments and the latest status of accelerator facilities across the globe. The 9th IPAC, IPAC’18, was held in Vancouver, British Columbia from April 29 to May 4, 2018. With almost 1300 delegates and 90 industrial exhibitors, over 1500 submitted papers, the conference delivered a natural hub for scientific discussion, collaboration meetings and discussions with public program managers and industry and made it a very successful conference. Some conference statistics and scientific high lights will be presented.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IsoDAR: A cyclotron-based neutrino source with applications to medical isotope production","authors":"L. Waites, J. Alonso, J. Conrad","doi":"10.1063/1.5127681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127681","url":null,"abstract":"The Isotope Decay-At-Rest (IsoDAR) experiment is a short baseline neutrino experiment designed to measure neutrino oscillations by placing a high flux anti-neutrino source near a kiloton scale scintillator detector. A high current proton beam will be used to produce the large number of anti-neutrinos needed. Reaching the design goal of 10 mA of 60 MeV protons on target requires advancements in accelerator technology. This will be achieved using a high intensity H2+ ion source followed by a radio-frequency quadrupole and spiral inflector to axially inject ions into a compact cyclotron. This high current cyclotron could also be applied to producing valuable isotopes in quantities that are beyond the reach of existing technology. We will discuss the results of our latest studies of this injection system. This work is being presented on behalf of the IsoDAR collaboration.The Isotope Decay-At-Rest (IsoDAR) experiment is a short baseline neutrino experiment designed to measure neutrino oscillations by placing a high flux anti-neutrino source near a kiloton scale scintillator detector. A high current proton beam will be used to produce the large number of anti-neutrinos needed. Reaching the design goal of 10 mA of 60 MeV protons on target requires advancements in accelerator technology. This will be achieved using a high intensity H2+ ion source followed by a radio-frequency quadrupole and spiral inflector to axially inject ions into a compact cyclotron. This high current cyclotron could also be applied to producing valuable isotopes in quantities that are beyond the reach of existing technology. We will discuss the results of our latest studies of this injection system. This work is being presented on behalf of the IsoDAR collaboration.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117025998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kutsaev, R. Agustsson, A. Arodzero, S. Boucher, P. Burstein, A. Smirnov
{"title":"X-ray sources for adaptive radiography and computed tomography","authors":"S. Kutsaev, R. Agustsson, A. Arodzero, S. Boucher, P. Burstein, A. Smirnov","doi":"10.1063/1.5127706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127706","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray multi-energy adaptive security radiography and computed tomography inspection techniques have superior performance compared to conventional dual-energy methods where two image slices are acquired by alternating energies. This new technique allows improving the quality of radiographic and CT images, expanding the range of areal densities of the interrogated objects over which effective discrimination of materials by atomic number is possible, eliminating artifacts in the image of boundaries of different densities, and reducing the time of inspection and the required dose. For this new inspection technology, RadiaBeam Technologies is developing several new types of x-ray sources that are based on linear electron accelerators. To provide an adaptive mode of operation of inspection systems, such accelerators use fast feedback from the detector array. Depending on the application, the range of the electron energy can vary from 180 keV up to 9 MeV. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for such linear accelerators, some details about their designs, and present the results of high-power and beam testing of the S- and X- band accelerators.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vo, A. Hellinger, Maria Pinilla, W. L. Dunn, A. Bahadori, W. McNeil
{"title":"Development of test facilities for studies relevant to replacing dangerous radiological sources","authors":"L. Vo, A. Hellinger, Maria Pinilla, W. L. Dunn, A. Bahadori, W. McNeil","doi":"10.1063/1.5127693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127693","url":null,"abstract":"One of the vulnerabilities faced in modern society is the accidental or intentional dispersal of significant quantities of radionuclides into the environment. The term “dirty bomb” refers to a conventional explosive coupled with radionuclides that are intentionally dispersed when the explosive is detonated. Soon after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Government commissioned a National Academy of Sciences study to consider the issue of replacement of dangerous radiological sources. Kansas State University is a member of a consortium studying nonproliferation enabling capabilities, including replacement of dangerous radiological sources. Test facilities have been constructed that allow use of a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator, a machine source of X rays, and radionuclide sources. Various materials can be placed around a tube containing the neutron generator or radionuclide neutron and photon sources, providing an effectively-infinite interaction medium. These test fac...","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tsoupas, K. Hock, H. Huang, H. LovelaceIII, F. Méot, P. Oddo, V. Ptitsyn, J. Sandberg, J. Tuozzolo
{"title":"An AC dipole for the AGS booster to overcome spin resonances","authors":"N. Tsoupas, K. Hock, H. Huang, H. LovelaceIII, F. Méot, P. Oddo, V. Ptitsyn, J. Sandberg, J. Tuozzolo","doi":"10.1063/1.5127684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127684","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed eRHIC project is an electron hadron collider to be built in the existing tunnel of the RHIC collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Polarized 3He+2 ions are one of the hadron species to collide with the polarized electrons. To overcome the spin resonances during the pre-acceleration of polarized 3He+2 ions in the AGS-Booster, an AC Dipole [2] is being built to create an artificial vertical intrinsic spin resonance which will eliminate the naturally occurring vertical intrinsic spin resonances during the acceleration. We will present an overview of the intrinsic spin resonances in the AGS-Booster, discuss the physics and the requirements of overcoming the spin resonances using an AC dipole, and present the results from the 2D and 3D electromagnetic study of the AC Dipole using the OPERA computer code [3].The proposed eRHIC project is an electron hadron collider to be built in the existing tunnel of the RHIC collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Polarized 3He+2 ions are one of the hadron species to collide with the polarized electrons. To overcome the spin resonances during the pre-acceleration of polarized 3He+2 ions in the AGS-Booster, an AC Dipole [2] is being built to create an artificial vertical intrinsic spin resonance which will eliminate the naturally occurring vertical intrinsic spin resonances during the acceleration. We will present an overview of the intrinsic spin resonances in the AGS-Booster, discuss the physics and the requirements of overcoming the spin resonances using an AC dipole, and present the results from the 2D and 3D electromagnetic study of the AC Dipole using the OPERA computer code [3].","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123216658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Zhang, D. Wulf, D. McCammon, D. Seely, V. Andrianarijaona, C. Havener
{"title":"High-resolution charge exchange x-ray emission at solar wind velocities","authors":"R. Zhang, D. Wulf, D. McCammon, D. Seely, V. Andrianarijaona, C. Havener","doi":"10.1063/1.5127727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127727","url":null,"abstract":"With a high-resolution x-ray quantum microcalorimeter detector, x-ray emissions following single charge exchange are measured for 392 km/s, 554 km/s, 678 km/s, and 876 km/s Ne8+ on He collisions. Line ratios are reported for 3p → 2s, 4s → 2p, 3d → 2p, and 4d → 2p emissions by normalizing these to 4p → 2s emission. It is found that the measured line ratios are in good agreement with a multichannel Landau-Zener calculation for the 4s → 2p emission. However, unlike the calculation, the measured line ratios for 3p → 2s, 4d → 2p and 3d → 2p emissions show an increasing state-selectivity for 4d and 4f states with increasing collision velocity. This probably indicates the importance of rotational coupling effects in high angular momentum population.With a high-resolution x-ray quantum microcalorimeter detector, x-ray emissions following single charge exchange are measured for 392 km/s, 554 km/s, 678 km/s, and 876 km/s Ne8+ on He collisions. Line ratios are reported for 3p → 2s, 4s → 2p, 3d → 2p, and 4d → 2p emissions by normalizing these to 4p → 2s emission. It is found that the measured line ratios are in good agreement with a multichannel Landau-Zener calculation for the 4s → 2p emission. However, unlike the calculation, the measured line ratios for 3p → 2s, 4d → 2p and 3d → 2p emissions show an increasing state-selectivity for 4d and 4f states with increasing collision velocity. This probably indicates the importance of rotational coupling effects in high angular momentum population.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"4 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113999633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deployment of magnetometers to monitor stray magnetic fields near the PROSPECT detector","authors":"C. Gilbert","doi":"10.1063/1.5127730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127730","url":null,"abstract":"PROSPECT is a reactor antineutrino experiment located in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PROSPECT’s primary goals are to probe short-baseline oscillations and perform a precise measurement of the U-235 reactor antineutrino spectrum. The detector consists of 154 segmented cells filled with 6Li-doped liquid scintillator. Each segment holds two PMTs, one on each end of the cell. The PMTs can be exposed to stray magnetic fields from superconducting magnets operating on the experiment hall one floor below the detector. The monitoring of the magnetic fields is an important part of our background characterization as the magnetic fields can directly influence the energy measurement. This study presents the characterization and monitoring of stray magnetic fields using triple axis magnetometers near the detector.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124032046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gallo, D. Bettega, G. Gambarini, C. Lenardi, I. Veronese
{"title":"Studies of Fricke-PVA-GTA xylenol orange hydrogels for 3D measurements in radiotherapy dosimetry","authors":"S. Gallo, D. Bettega, G. Gambarini, C. Lenardi, I. Veronese","doi":"10.1063/1.5127699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127699","url":null,"abstract":"The Fricke gels (FG) composition has been modified over the years in order to improve their dosimetric characteristic for spatial dose evaluation in radiotherapy. Some problems, in particular those related to the diffusion of ferric ions in the gel matrix, have limited the clinical use of FG and still represent significant challenges for the scientific community working in the field of gel dosimetry. In this work, FG based on poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gelling agent, glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a cross-linker and FG based on gelatine loaded with silicate nano-clay (laponite) were developed with the aim to overcome the diffusion drawbacks affecting the traditional FG. Neither the sensitivity to the radiation dose nor the diffusion coefficient were significantly altered by the addition of laponite into the Fricke xylenol orange gel formulation employed. By contrast, lower diffusion rates were obtained with PVA-GTA gels, suggesting that this matrix could have a promising use in the field of 3D dosimetry.The Fricke gels (FG) composition has been modified over the years in order to improve their dosimetric characteristic for spatial dose evaluation in radiotherapy. Some problems, in particular those related to the diffusion of ferric ions in the gel matrix, have limited the clinical use of FG and still represent significant challenges for the scientific community working in the field of gel dosimetry. In this work, FG based on poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gelling agent, glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a cross-linker and FG based on gelatine loaded with silicate nano-clay (laponite) were developed with the aim to overcome the diffusion drawbacks affecting the traditional FG. Neither the sensitivity to the radiation dose nor the diffusion coefficient were significantly altered by the addition of laponite into the Fricke xylenol orange gel formulation employed. By contrast, lower diffusion rates were obtained with PVA-GTA gels, suggesting that this matrix could have a promising use in the field of 3D dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115350521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of associated particle neutron techniques for soil carbon analysis","authors":"A. Kavetskiy, G. Yakubova, S. Prior, H. Torbert","doi":"10.1063/1.5127698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127698","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate soil carbon field mapping can benefit modern agricultural practices. For creating such maps, soil carbon measurements using neutron-gamma analysis were developed and applied as a better alternative to traditional chemical analysis. Main components of a neutron-gamma analysis system are a neutron generator, gamma detectors, and special electronics. The proposed application of associated particle imaging (API) neutron techniques for soil carbon measurement could improve metrological characteristics (e.g., minimal detectible level of soil carbon, MDL) of our currently used soil carbon analysis system (i.e., Prompt Fast Thermal Neutron Analysis, PFTNA). Neutron stimulated gamma rays in the API mode are acquired in a relatively narrow neutron flux cone defined by an alpha-particle registration cone (alpha particles are produced with neurons in the DT reaction in neutron generators). This measurement mode tends to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of measurements, which in turn tends to decrease MDL. To test applicability of the API technique for soil carbon analysis, an experimental setup including a DT neutron generator (with alpha particle registration capabilities), sodium iodide gamma detectors (10 cm × 10 cm × 48 cm), and nanosecond operated electronics was constructed and tested. This API setup can measure alpha-gamma coincidence (timing) spectra, time correlated energy gamma spectra, and energy correlated timing spectra.The proper working setup and authenticated experimental results were confirmed by definition of the 14.1 MeV neutrons speed from measurement of carbon energy correlated timing spectra. The measured value (5.2 cm/ns) agreed with reference data.Series measurements of timing spectra, time correlated energy gamma spectra, and energy correlated timing spectra of different samples (i.e., ammonia nitrate, sand, graphite bricks, sand-carbon mixtures) at different source-to-samples distances were conducted and are discussed. Measurements demonstrate that the energy correlated timing spectra gives the possibility of defining the time window for time correlated energy spectra measurement with better accuracy than timing spectra for gamma rays in the full energy range. The identification of sample content located at some distance from the neutron source can be accomplished with such measurements. This can be useful for disclosure of hidden objects.From the API mode measurements of sand-carbon mixtures, the carbon MDL of this method was defined and compared with carbon MDL of different PFTNA devices. This comparison demonstrates better carbon MDL for the API mode.Findings from this work clearly indicate that the API method is a quite promising method for agricultural applications, and for soil carbon analysis due to significantly improved MDL.","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Chirayath, H. Arya, M. Jin, A. Weiß, G. Glass, Y. Chi
{"title":"Simulation of an electrostatic quadrupole quadruplet focusing lens system for MeV multi-ion micro-beam","authors":"V. Chirayath, H. Arya, M. Jin, A. Weiß, G. Glass, Y. Chi","doi":"10.1063/1.5127677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127677","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the simulations of an electrostatic quadrupole quadruplet (EQQ) lens system that will be used in a new sub-micron multi-ion beam for radiobiological studies. The new sub-micron beam will be used to carry out fine controlled irradiation of sub-cellular matrix with a variety of ions (H+, He2+, C6+) with energies up to 3 MeV/charge. Simulations using the SIMION 8.1 ® have shown that the EQQ lens system, configured with a symmetry normally used in a “Russian quadruplet”, can achieve a demagnification factor (Df) of 33 at a working distance (Dw) of ∼ 98 mm for a 3MeV/charge ion beam. Such focusing strength is comparable to the separated EQ sextuplet (EQS) lens system used in the sub-micron ion beam at Columbia university (Df ∼ 38 and Dw ∼ 126 mm) [1], but with a more compact lens design and two fewer quadrupoles. Calculations show that the chromatic and the spherical aberration of the EQQ lens system is comparable to those of the EQS lens system. This indicates that the EQQ lens system may be able to give a performance equivalent to the EQS in the Columbia University micro-ion beam when the object aperture is less than or equal to 30 µm. The compact design is expected to allow for precise alignment of the quadrupole electrodes and is intended to achieve stable micron beam spots at the target position.In this paper, we present the simulations of an electrostatic quadrupole quadruplet (EQQ) lens system that will be used in a new sub-micron multi-ion beam for radiobiological studies. The new sub-micron beam will be used to carry out fine controlled irradiation of sub-cellular matrix with a variety of ions (H+, He2+, C6+) with energies up to 3 MeV/charge. Simulations using the SIMION 8.1 ® have shown that the EQQ lens system, configured with a symmetry normally used in a “Russian quadruplet”, can achieve a demagnification factor (Df) of 33 at a working distance (Dw) of ∼ 98 mm for a 3MeV/charge ion beam. Such focusing strength is comparable to the separated EQ sextuplet (EQS) lens system used in the sub-micron ion beam at Columbia university (Df ∼ 38 and Dw ∼ 126 mm) [1], but with a more compact lens design and two fewer quadrupoles. Calculations show that the chromatic and the spherical aberration of the EQQ lens system is comparable to those of the EQS lens system. This indicates that the EQQ lens syste...","PeriodicalId":141750,"journal":{"name":"25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117140061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}