Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Chronic stress affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat salivary glands.","authors":"Juri Saruta,&nbsp;Taeki Lee,&nbsp;Masayoshi Shirasu,&nbsp;Takeshi Takahashi,&nbsp;Chikatoshi Sato,&nbsp;Sadao Sato,&nbsp;Keiichi Tsukinoki","doi":"10.3109/10253890902875167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890902875167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are associated with several neural disorders. Previously, we reported that BDNF is produced from salivary glands under acute immobilization stress. Additionally, salivary glands are the origin of plasma BDNF during stress; however, the association between the expression of BDNF by the salivary glands under chronic stress conditions is not known. In the present study, we investigated whether plasma BDNF levels in chronic stress depend on the salivary glands. Expression of BDNF mRNA and protein were identified in the submandibular glands when male rats were exposed to chronic restraint stress (12 h daily for 22 days). Chronic stress significantly increased plasma BDNF concentration, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels, but was not altered under chronic stress in bilaterally sialoadenectomized rats. Since chronic stress increases plasma BDNF levels in the sialoadenectomized rat model, the plasma BDNF level was not dependent on BDNF from the salivary glands. Although the salivary glands were the source of plasma BDNF in acute stress conditions in our previous study, it seems that that the increased BDNF expression in the salivary glands in chronic stress does not contribute importantly to the increased circulating BDNF level. The increased plasma BDNF levels may play important roles in homeostasis under stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10253890902875167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40014890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of a remote (1-year old) emotional memory interferes with the retrieval of a newly formed hippocampus-dependent memory in rats.","authors":"Phillip R Zoladz,&nbsp;James C Woodson,&nbsp;Vernon F Haynes,&nbsp;David M Diamond","doi":"10.3109/10253890902853123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890902853123","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent intrusion of remote traumatic memories in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may contribute to the impairment of their ongoing hippocampal and prefrontal cortical functioning. In the current work, we have developed a rodent analogue of the intrusive memory phenomenon. We studied the influence of the activation of a remote traumatic memory in rats on their ability to retrieve a newly formed hippocampus-dependent memory. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were given inhibitory avoidance (IA) training, and then 24 h or 1, 6 or 12 months later, the same rats were trained to learn, and then remember across a 30-min delay period, the location of a hidden escape platform in the radial-arm water maze (RAWM). When IA-trained rats spent the 30-min delay period in the IA apparatus, they exhibited intact remote (1-year old) memory of the shock experience. More importantly, activation of the rats' memory of the shock experience profoundly impaired their ability to retrieve the newly formed spatial memory of the hidden platform location in the RAWM. Our finding that reactivation of a remote emotional memory exerted an intrusive effect on new spatial memory processing in rats provides a novel approach toward understanding how intrusive memories of traumatic experiences interfere with ongoing cognitive processing in people with PTSD.","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"36-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10253890902853123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40013691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary alpha-amylase stability, diurnal profile and lack of response to the cold hand test in young women.","authors":"K O'Donnell,&nbsp;M Kammerer,&nbsp;R O'Reilly,&nbsp;A Taylor,&nbsp;V Glover","doi":"10.3109/10253890902822664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890902822664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salivary cortisol measurement has proved useful for the non-invasive study of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and salivary alpha-amylase has been suggested as a comparable marker for the sympathetic system. Despite some studies showing an increase in salivary alpha-amylase after challenges that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, questions remain about interpretation. The aims of this study were to explore the stability of salivary alpha-amylase, its diurnal profile, response to the cold hand test, and correlation with cortisol. Salivary alpha-amylase was stable following 5 days at room temperature, and five freeze-thaw cycles. Its diurnal profile was opposite to that of cortisol. There was no salivary alpha-amylase response to the cold hand stress test, in the morning (11am) or afternoon (3pm), unlike cortisol which showed a response in the afternoon in the same samples. There was no correlation between salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol at any time. In conclusion, salivary alpha-amylase is stable to a range of conditions. Its diurnal pattern is compatible with sympathetic stimulation. Lack of response to the cold hand test suggests that secretion of salivary alpha-amylase is controlled by mechanisms more complex than sympathetic regulation alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"549-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10253890902822664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40013690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of self-directed behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid levels are not correlated in female wild olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis).","authors":"James P Higham,&nbsp;Ann M Maclarnon,&nbsp;Michael Heistermann,&nbsp;Caroline Ross,&nbsp;Stuart Semple","doi":"10.3109/10253890902756565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890902756565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive methods to quantify components of stress in non-human animals rely typically on the use of physiological or behavioural measures. At the physiological level, stress is usually measured non-invasively in terms of faecal or urinary glucocorticoid output. A common group of behavioural measures used are self-directed behaviours (SDBs), which have been shown to be linked to anxiety, a subset of stress, although a number of authors have explicitly linked SDBs to stress more generally. Whether increased rates of SDBs are likely to be associated with increased faecal glucocorticoid ouput in wild mammals remains unclear. Here, for wild female olive baboons, we show no association between day-to-day changes in levels of SDB and cortisol metabolite excretion. We also show no relationship between long-term mean levels of these variables. We discuss several possible interpretations of our results, including the possibility that SDBs represent a behavioural coping mechanism, helping to ameliorate the physiological stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"526-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10253890902756565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40014888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene modulates brain and physiological responses to acute stress in Japanese men.","authors":"Hideki Ohira,&nbsp;Masahiro Matsunaga,&nbsp;Tokiko Isowa,&nbsp;Michio Nomura,&nbsp;Naho Ichikawa,&nbsp;Kenta Kimura,&nbsp;Noriaki Kanayama,&nbsp;Hiroki Murakami,&nbsp;Takahiro Osumi,&nbsp;Toshihiro Konagaya,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Nogimori,&nbsp;Seisuke Fukuyama,&nbsp;Jun Shinoda,&nbsp;Jitsuhiro Yamada","doi":"10.3109/10253890902787826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890902787826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A short (S) variant, compared to a long (L) variant, of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been related to emotional hyper-reactivity. We tested whether the 5HTTLPR could modulate acute stress responses in the brain and, the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems. Ten Japanese male participants carrying double copies of the S alleles and 10 Japanese males carrying S and L alleles conducted a mental arithmetic task, and their regional cerebral blood flow by (15)O positron emission tomography and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine parameters were measured. During the acute stress task, the participants with the SS alleles showed stronger reactivity in blood pressure and secretion of epinephrine, compared to the participants with the SL and LL alleles. Furthermore, the SS carriers showed greater activation in stress-related brain regions such as the hypothalamus, cerebellum, midbrain, and pulvinar compared to the SL and LL carriers during the acute stress task. The present findings indicated that the S allele of the 5HTTLPR is associated with greater brain and physiological reactivity to acute stress in Japanese men.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"533-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10253890902787826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40014891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination stress and components of working memory.","authors":"Richard S Lewis,&nbsp;Ani Nikolova,&nbsp;Dennis J Chang,&nbsp;Nicole Y Weekes","doi":"10.1080/10253890701535160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701535160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that stress can influence a broad range of memory functions. In this study we investigated the effect of a naturalistic stressor, examination stress, on working memory in young adults. In order to accomplish this aim, participants were tested on psychological and hormonal measures of stress and on Digit Span, once during a low stress period and once during a high stress period. The high examination stress condition was associated with an increase in cortisol and subjective impressions of stress. Although Digits Forward performance did not vary with examination stress, Digits Backward performance improved. These findings suggest that mild increases in stress are associated with improvement in the manipulation component of working memory. However, no correlations were found between working memory and either cortisol or psychological stress. Thus the mechanism by which mild naturalistic stressors improve the manipulation component of working memory needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"108-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10253890701535160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41035033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute stress or systemic insulin injection increases flunitrazepam sensitive-GABAA receptor density in synaptosomes of chick forebrain: Modulation by systemic epinephrine.","authors":"Mariana Paula Cid,&nbsp;Augusto Arce,&nbsp;Nancy Alicia Salvatierra","doi":"10.1080/10253890701535137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701535137","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between acute stress and systemic insulin and epinephrine on GABAA receptor density in the forebrain were studied. Here, 10 day-old chicks were intraperitoneally injected with insulin, epinephrine or vehicle and then immediately stressed by partial water immersion for 15 min and killed by decapitation. Non-stressed controls were similarly injected, then returned to their rearing boxes for 15 min and then killed. Forebrains were dissected and GABAA receptor density was measured ex vivo in synaptosomes by 3[H]-flunitrazepam binding assay. In non-stressed chicks, insulin at 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 IU/kg of body weight (non-hypoglycemic doses) increased Bmax by 33, 53 and 44% compared to saline, respectively. A similar increase of 41% was observed in receptor density after stress. However, the insulin effect was not additive to the stress-induced increase suggesting that both effects occur through similar mechanisms. In contrast, epinephrine, at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg did not induce any changes in Bmax in non-stressed chicks. Nevertheless, after stress these doses increased the receptor density by about 13 and 27%, respectively. Similarly, the same epinephrine doses co-administered with insulin (2.50 IU/kg), increased the receptor density by about 20% compared to insulin alone. These results suggest that systemic epinephrine, perhaps by evoking central norepinephrine release, modulates the increase in forebrain GABAA receptor binding induced by both insulin and stress.","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"101-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10253890701535137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40961302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water temperature determines neurochemical and behavioural responses to forced swim stress: an in vivo microdialysis and biotelemetry study in rats.","authors":"Astrid C E Linthorst,&nbsp;Cornelia Flachskamm,&nbsp;Johannes M H M Reul","doi":"10.1080/10253890701533231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701533231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forced swimming is a behavioural stress model increasingly used to investigate the neurocircuitry of stress responses. Although forced swim stress clearly is a psychological stressor (anxiety, panic), its physical aspects are often neglected. There are indications that behavioural and neurochemical responses to swim stress depend on the water temperature. Thus, we investigated the responsiveness of hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission (important in the coordination of stress responses), and of behaviour and core body temperature to forced swimming at different water temperatures (19, 25 and 35 degrees C). In vivo microdialysis and biotelemetry in freely-behaving rats were used. Dialysates were analysed for serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Forced swimming in water at 25 and 19 degrees C decreased core body temperature by 8 and 12 degrees C, respectively. A rapid and pronounced increase in hippocampal 5-HT and 5-HIAA was found in rats that swam at 35 degrees C, whereas biphasic responses in 5-HT and 5-HIAA were observed at 25 and 19 degrees C. Also swim stress behaviour and post-stress home cage behaviour depended on the water temperature. Comparing the serotonergic and core body temperature changes revealed that a combination of two different 5-HT and 5-HIAA responses seems to shape the neurotransmitter response. Swimming-induced increases in hippocampal extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA occurred at all water temperatures, but these increases were temporarily quenched, or concentrations were transistently decreased, when core body temperature fell below 31 degrees C in water at 25 or 19 degrees C. These data demonstrate that water temperature is a key factor determining the impact of forced swim stress on behaviour and neurochemistry, and underscore that changes in these parameters should be interpreted in the light of the autonomic responses induced by this stressor.</p>","PeriodicalId":141741,"journal":{"name":"Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10253890701533231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41035030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}