International journal of neurology最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Topiramate, Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate on the Neurotransmitter Speed in Treated Seizure Children","authors":"AhmadabadiF Farzad, Fattahzadeh Ghasem, Atalu Abolfazl, B. Pooya","doi":"10.23937/2378-3001/1410093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3001/1410093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83697843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Prospects of Awake Craniotomy in a Resource-Poor Setting","authors":"A. Okunlola, Okunlola F. Abiodun, K. OkunlolaCecilia, F. BabalolaOlakunle, O. Paul, O. OrewoleTesleem, P. AremuAbayomi, B. RabiuTaopheeq, O. AjayiOlabande, Ommega Internationals","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.19.2516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.19.2516","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The trend in neurosurgery is towards awake craniotomy in a suitable patient to minimize the risk of anesthesia, allow intraoperative monitoring of the patient’s function and reduce operative morbidity. This has not been widely utilized in poor resource settings like our center where both human and material resources are limited. Aim: The aim of this review is to document the challenges and prospects of awake craniotomy in resource-poor settings. Methodology: The Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti is located in a suburban community in South Western Nigeria with minimally active neurosurgical practice due to limited human and material resources. Two patients with right frontal brain tumor abutting on the motor cortex had awake craniotomy and gross total tumor excision under low dose sedation with propofol and local anesthesia. Results: Both patients complained of tolerable discomfort during bone work. We achieved a gross total tumor excision in both cases and there was no need to convert to general anesthesia. Both patients were fully awake at the end of their surgery and there was an improvement in their headache and hemiparesis. Conclusion: Awake craniotomy is commonly practiced in well-established neurosurgical facilities across the globe but it should be considered as an option in resource-poor settings in suitable patients to reduce operative morbidity and pressure on the limited human and material resources.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86406995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis: An Underlying Disease for Trigeminal Neuralgia","authors":"Lucas A. Greca, Á. C. B. Eboni, P. Wille, M. Gonçalves, Ommega Internationals","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.19.2456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.19.2456","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Late onset Multiple Sclerosis (LOMS) is a rare condition characterized by the first outbreak of the disease at or above the age of 50 years old. On the other hand, Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a shock-like hemi-facial headache. What both might have in common is the association with the demyelination process. While LOMS is strictly related to loss of myelin sheath, TN if often related to neurovascular compression, but when it doesn’t, demyelination stands for a probable implicated pathophysiology. At certain population, TN might be the first symptom of LOMS. Case Presentation: Our patient is a 65 year-old female who develops a severe hemi-facial shock-like headache. At first, examiners thought to be dealing with a primary form of TN due to absence of motor or other sensorial symptoms referred by the patient. Although, CNS images were not consistent with the initial hypothesis, revealing an impressive LOMS pattern. Conclusion: physicians should always consider LOMS as an underlying disease for patients, at or above 50 years old, manifesting TN as an isolated symptom. This may alert for earlier MS diagnosis and correct therapy strategies for these patients.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84272033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1: Hou ZJ et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","authors":"Z. Hou, N. Shrestha","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2313-5611.2019.05.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2313-5611.2019.05.80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79996690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography and demography of Alzheimer's","authors":"Alexander Kholmanskly, Ommega Internationals","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.19.2503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.19.2503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73426538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Rasmussen’s Encephalitis in an African Child: A Case Report","authors":"A. Okunlola, A. Okunlola, C. Okunlola, O. Babalola, O. T. Bamigboye-Taiwo, A. Adaje, C. Onyema, Ommega Internationals","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.19.2517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.19.2517","url":null,"abstract":"Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a rare neurological disease characterized by unilateral hemispheric atrophy, focal intractable seizures, and progressive neurological deficits. The bilateral subtype is extremely rare with few reported cases in the literature. We present a seven year old boy with bilateral Rasmussen’s encephalitis which could have been missed if there is no imaging facility. We also highlighted the possible associated etiological factors and sociocultural challenges in the management.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84643202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neurological Manifestations as an Onset Symptom of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Report of Two Cases","authors":"Saeed Shahbeigi, S. Karamolahi, H. Pakdaman, S. Nazarbaghi, A. Altıntaş, Ommega Internationals","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.19.2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.19.2033","url":null,"abstract":"The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is defined by the occurrence of multiple venous and arterial thrombosis. In this condition, the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), namely lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-Cardiolipin antibodies (acl) or anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies is necessary for diagnosis[1,2]. The prevalence of aPL seropositive ranges between 1-5% in the general population, but only a minority of these individuals develop the APS[1]. For the definite diagnosis of APS at least one clinical feature such as vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity and one laboratory abnormality must be observed. The laboratory abnormalities must be present on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart[3]. The cerebral involvement in APS is common and characterized by different clinical manifestations; they could be the first presenting feature or appear in the course of the disease. The reported manifestations of the cerebral involvement are: cerebral ischemic events such as CVA and TIA, epilepsy, dementia, cognitive deficit, headache, psychiatric disorders, chorea, MSlike syndrome, transverse myelitis and ocular symptoms. It is notable to mention that the presence of aPL in patients without criteria for APS may also be associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive disturbances.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80815483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Function Monitoring In Neonatal Intensive Care Units","authors":"A. Orman, N. Hakan, M. Aydin","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.78","url":null,"abstract":"Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a method for continuous monitoring of brain activity that is increasingly used in the neonatal intensive care unit. aEEG is accessible by non-expert person, and offers continuous bedside cerebral function monitoring (CFM). In its simplest form, aEEG is a processed single-channel electroencephalogram that is filtered and time-compressed. Several classifications are currently in use to describe patient tracings, incorporating voltage criteria, pattern recognition, cyclicity, and the presence or absence of seizures. The main usage of the CFM currently is for monitoring term newborns after birth asphyxia. Another well-established indication for CFM is monitoring for seizure activity with an addition advantage of monitoring the treatment effect. Current evidences demonstrate that aEEG is useful to monitor cerebral background activity, diagnose and treat seizures and predict neurodevelopmental outcomes for newborns. Thus, the main advantages of this device are its simplicity for both application and interpreting on one hand and the possibility of continuous long-term monitoring with real time assessment of clinical events on the other. This review aims to explain the fundamentals behind aEEG and its clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Critical Role of Latent Chronic Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Triggering, Development and Persistence of Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"J. Prandota","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.79","url":null,"abstract":"T. gondii is globally distributed with a high proportion of the world population estimated to be seropositive, and in the U.S. the parasite is responsible for approximately million infections each year. T. gondii tachyzoites infect almost all nucleated cells and their intracellular multiplication and lifelong persistence in the host cells play an important role in triggering and development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Latent chronic T. gondii infection may be associated with iron, iodine, and folic acid  deficiencies that facilitate development and/or progression of ADs. The oral route is the natural portal of entry for the parasite and gastrointestinal manifestations are frequently reported in patients with ADs. Prolactin was found to bind to tachyzoites and this process impairs their adhesion and penetration into the host cells. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) demonstrated in patients with different ADs may therefore reflect host defense against T. gondii infection, and several antipsychotic drugs that induce HPRL also have antitoxoplasmatic activity. Leptin and obesity play an important role of in triggering and maintenance of inflammation and autoimmunity. T. gondii infection causes a significant increase in leptin levels and there is a significant positive association between the parasite seropositivity and obesity. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a proapoptotic as well as an antiapoptotic biomodulator, and have a variety effects on autophagy. Overproduction of NO during T. gondii infection causes dysfunction of both  these processes and therefore hinders cleaning service of the apoptotic/autophagic cell-derived antigenic remnants, finally leading to triggering and development of ADs. Damage of the olfactory system associated with chronic latent T. gondii infection may affect olfactory bulb volume and various olfactory functions, being therefore at least in part responsible for the smell impairment in ADs. The potent proinflammatory response of macrophages to infection with T. gondii type II may explain the ability of the strain to cause pathology after oral infection. The parasite also triggers the secretion of antiinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, TGF-b, and generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates, thus suppressing the development of the T H 1 immune responses and deactivating macrophages. Toxoplasma chronic infection-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte exhaustion leads to development of ADs because of decreased polyfunctionality, cytotoxic capability,  cytokine production, proliferative capacity, and metabolic deficiency. The process of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell immune exhaustion inhibits the immune response, thus facilitating pathogen persistence. Systemic T. gondii infection triggers a rapid and persistent decrease in the size of naive CD4 + T lymphocyte pool, and a long-term thymic atrophy and output due to destruction of the thymic epithelium. Chronic parasite infections characterized by lower pathogen burden usually restricted to tissues, s","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85972712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin Release during the Meditation of Altruism and Appreciation (Arigato-Zen)","authors":"Sōhō Machida, M. Sunagawa, Toku Takahashi","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2313-5611.2018.04.75","url":null,"abstract":"A number of modern researchers have studied the relationship between religion and health. In every religious tradition, virtues such as self-sacrifice, altruism, and appreciation have been considered quite essential. Arigato-Zen (AZ) (Gratitude Zen) is an easy and simple voice-meditation developed by Dr. Machida, which motivates the feeling of altruism and appreciation. By performing AZ, one is able to cleanse the negative subconscious memories that underlie problematic phenomena. Hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in the ability to form social attachments, including parental care and pair bonding. It has been shown that social interaction is important to adapt to our daily life stress via the OT expression. It is hypothesized that OT is stimulated via the AZ meditation of altruism and appreciation. Using saliva samples, OT levels were measured in 32 participants before and after AZ. Salivary OT levels were significantly increased after AZ from 66.3 ± 6.7 pg/ml to 90.6 ± 18.7 pg/mL (M ± SE, n = 32, p = 0.028). AZ practice is a quite unique type of meditation, which combines voice-vibration system and traditional Zen meditation in order to synergistically stimulate OT system.","PeriodicalId":14163,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89535665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}