International Journal of Health Policy and Management最新文献

{"title":"Negative Emotions Are Associated With Older Self-perceived Age: A Cross-section Study From the UK Biobank.","authors":"Tianyi Wang, Shixing Feng, Junqi Wang, Hangyu Li, Yang Song, Dongran Han, Yixing Liu","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8060","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.8060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research has indicated a potential connection between psychological stress and how individuals perceive their own age. Building on this foundation, the current study explores the relationship between negative emotions and self-perceived age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive cohort study representing the UK population. The analysis included 347 892 participants, aged between 39 and 73 years, of which 184 765 were women, accounting for 53.1% of the sample. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their self-perceived age: feeling younger than their chronological age (group Younger), feeling older than their chronological age (group Older), and feeling as old as their actual age (group Same). To investigate the relationship between negative emotions and self-perceived age, we utilized a multinomial logistic regression model with the Younger group serving as the reference category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 347 892 participants, after adjusted for covariates, the results showed that participants with irritability, nervous feelings, worrier/anxious feelings or fed-up feelings, worry too long and loneliness/isolation are more likely to be rated as \"about your age\" or \"older than you are,\" with \"younger than you are\" as the reference group, indicating that negative emotions may influence one's self-perceived age. Among those negative emotions, irritability has the most significant impact self-perceived age, with the odds ratios (ORs) being 1.44 (95% CI: 1.35-1.54) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.09-1.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Negative emotions are associated with older self-perceived age, and irritability has the greatest impact. Further studies analyzing self-perceived age are needed to take psychological factors into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Opportunities for WHO \"Best Buys\" Non-communicable Disease Policy Adoption and Implementation From a Political Economy Perspective: A Complexity Systematic Review.","authors":"Giulia Loffreda, Stella Arakelyan, Ibrahim Bou-Orm, Hampus Holmer, Luke N Allen, Sophie Witter, Alastair Ager, Karin Diaconu","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7989","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving the adoption and implementation of policies to curb non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major challenge for better global health. The adoption and implementation of such policies remain deficient in various contexts, with limited insights into the facilitating and inhibiting factors. These policies have traditionally been treated as technical solutions, neglecting the critical influence of political economy dynamics. Moreover, the complex nature of these interventions is often not adequately incorporated into evidence for policy-makers. This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the factors affecting NCD policy adoption and implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a complex systematic review of articles discussing the adoption and implementation of World Health Organization's (WHO's) \"best buys\" NCD policies. We identified political economy factors and constructed a causal loop diagram (CLD) program theory to elucidate the interplay between factors influencing NCD policy adoption and implementation. A total of 157 papers met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our CLD highlights a central feedback loop encompassing three vital variables: (1) the ability to define, (re)shape, and pass appropriate policy into law; (2) the ability to implement the policy (linked to the enforceability of the policy and to addressing NCD local burden); and (3) ability to monitor progress, evaluate and correct the course. Insufficient context-specific data impedes the formulation and enactment of suitable policies, particularly in areas facing multiple disease burdens. Multisectoral collaboration plays a pivotal role in both policy adoption and implementation. Effective monitoring and accountability systems significantly impact policy implementation. The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) serve as a major barrier to defining, adopting, and implementing tobacco, alcohol, and diet-related policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To advance global efforts, we recommend focusing on the development of robust accountability, monitoring, and evaluation systems, ensuring transparency in private sector engagement, supporting context-specific data collection, and effectively managing the CDoH. A system thinking approach can enhance the implementation of complex public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"7989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11016278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering Experiential Learning and Evidence-Informed Impact in Health Systems: Reflections From a Canadian Health System Impact Fellow.","authors":"Jawad Chishtie, Peter Kellett, Mohammed Imran, Meaghan Sim, Shawna Cronin, Christopher Collins, Beverley Catharine Craven, Sara Guilcher, Susan Jaglal","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.8074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Systems Map: Applying Systems Thinking to Unhealthy Commodity Industry Influence on Public Health Policy.","authors":"Adam Bertscher, James Nobles, Anna B Gilmore, Krista Bondy, Amber van den Akker, Sarah Dance, Michael Bloomfield, Mateusz Zatoński","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.2024.7872","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.2024.7872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) engage in political practices to influence public health policy, which poses barriers to protecting and promoting public health. Such influence exhibits characteristics of a complex system. Systems thinking would therefore appear to be a useful lens through which to study this phenomenon, potentially deepening our understanding of how UCI influence are interconnected with one another through their underlying political, economic and social structures. As such this study developed a qualitative systems map to depict the complex pathways through which UCIs influence public health policy and how they are interconnected with underlying structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online participatory systems mapping workshops were conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. As a starting point for the workshops, a preliminary systems map was developed based on recent research. Twenty-three online workshops were conducted with 52 geographically diverse stakeholders representing academia, civil society (CS), public office, and global governance organisations (CGO). Analysis of workshop data in NVivo and feedback from participants resulted in a final systems map.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preliminary systems map consisted of 40 elements across six interdependent themes. The final systems map consisted of 64 elements across five interdependent themes, representing key pathways through which UCIs impact health policy-making: (1) direct access to public sector decision-makers; (2) creation of confusion and doubt about policy decisions; (3) corporate prioritisation of commercial profits and growth; (4) industry leveraging the legal and dispute settlement processes; and (5) industry leveraging policy-making, norms, rules, and processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UCI influence on public health policy is highly complex, involves interlinked practices, and is not reducible to a single point within the system. Instead, pathways to UCI influence emerge from the complex interactions between disparate national and global political, economic and social structures. These pathways provide numerous avenues for UCIs to influence public health policy, which poses challenges to formulating a singular intervention or limited set of interventions capable of effectively countering such influence. Using participatory methods, we made transparent the interconnections that could help identify interventions in future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"7872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing Education in Digital Skills for Healthcare Professionals - Mapping of the Current Situation in EU Member States.","authors":"Anu-Marja Kaihlanen, Lotta Virtanen, Emma Kainiemi, Virpi Sulosaari, Tarja Heponiemi","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8309","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.8309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid advancement of technology in healthcare is creating new competency requirements for professionals, such as skills for data management and the adoption of new technologies, understanding the effect of digitalisation on clinical processes, and evaluating clinical safety and ethics within the context of digitalisation. These requirements call for improved educational curricula and ongoing continuing education in digital skills. This study, as part of the Digital Skills Training for Health Care Professionals in Oncology (DigiCanTrain) project, aims to map and describe the existing continuing education in digital skills for healthcare professionals (HCPs) in European Union (EU) Member States. Using a mapping study methodology, data was collected from experts in 25 EU countries through surveys and from online sources. Qualitative content analysis was used for categorising the data. The results show variations between countries in policy strategies, training organisation, and funding mechanisms. Educational institutions, employers, third parties, and national/regional authorities were found to be the main organisers of the digital skills training. Comprehensive accreditation systems seemed to be scarce, and practices also varied between countries. The study highlights the importance of adopting a systematic approach to enhancing continuous professional development in digital skills, which would ensure that professionals have equitable access to education, resulting in consistent, quality patient care across countries and regions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, educators, healthcare institutions, and professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System-Based Interventions to Address Physician Burnout: A Qualitative Study of Canadian Family Physicians' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Maria Mathews, Samina Idrees, Dana Ryan, Lindsay Hedden, Julia Lukewich, Emily Gard Marshall, Judith Belle Brown, Paul Gill, Madeleine McKay, Eric Wong, Leslie Meredith, Lauren Moritz, Sarah Spencer","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8166","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.8166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical professionals experienced high rates of burnout and moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Canada, burnout has been linked to a growing number of family physicians (FPs) leaving the workforce, increasing the number of patients without access to a regular doctor. This study explores the different factors that impacted FPs' experience with burnout and moral distress during the pandemic, with the goal of identifying system-based interventions aimed at supporting FP well-being and improving retention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with FPs across four health regions in Canada. Participants were asked about the roles they assumed during different stages of the pandemic, and they were also encouraged to describe their well-being, including relevant supports and barriers. We used thematic analysis to examine themes relating to FP mental health and well-being.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We interviewed 68 FPs across the four health regions. We identified two overarching themes related to moral distress and burnout: (1) inability to provide appropriate care, and (2) system-related stressors and buffers of burnout. FPs expressed concern about the quality of care their patients were able to receive during the pandemic, citing instances where pandemic restrictions limited their ability to access critical preventative and diagnostic services. Participants also described four factors that alleviated or exacerbated feelings of burnout, including: (1) workload, (2) payment model, (3) locum coverage, and (4) team and peer support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic limited FPs' ability to provide quality care to patients, and contributed to increased moral distress and burnout. These findings highlight the importance of implementing system-wide interventions to improve FP well-being during public health emergencies. These could include the expansion of interprofessional team-based models of care, alternate remuneration models for primary care (ie, non-fee-for-service), organized locum programs, and the availability of short-term insurance programs to cover fixed practice operating costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Need a Combination of Approaches to Evaluate Health System Resilience Comment on \"Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic\".","authors":"Julia Zimmermann, Marina Karanikolos, Jonathan Cylus, Martin McKee","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8564","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.8564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health system resilience has become a desirable health system attribute in the current permacrisis environment. The article by Saulnier and colleagues reviews the literature on health system resilience and refines the concept, pinpointing dimensions of resilience governance that have not reached consensus, or that are missing from the literature. In this commentary we complement the findings by discussing different conceptual frameworks for understanding resilience and introducing resilience testing, a method to assess health system resilience using a hypothetical shock scenario. Resilience testing is a mixed-methods approach that combines a review of existing data with a structured workshop, where health system experts collaboratively assess the resilience of their health system. The new method is proposed as a tool for policy-making, as the results can identify attributes of the current health system that may hinder or boost a resilient response to the next crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobbying in the Sunlight: A Scoping Review of Frameworks to Measure the Accessibility of Lobbying Disclosures.","authors":"Jennifer Lacy-Nichols, Hedeeyeh Baradar, Eric Crosbie, Katherine Cullerton","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8497","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ijhpm.8497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While anyone can lobby governments, most lobbying is driven by commercial interests. Due to limited government disclosures, it is often challenging to get a clear picture of who is lobbying whom or why. To help make lobbying more visible to the public, we set out to develop a framework of key criteria for best practice government lobbying disclosures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify frameworks for measuring or evaluating lobbying transparency. We screened the titles and abstracts of 1727 peer-reviewed and 184 grey literature articles, assessing 230 articles for eligibility. Following screening, we included 15 frameworks from six peer-reviewed and nine grey literature articles in our review. To create our framework of lobbying disclosures, we thematically coded the 15 included frameworks and used an iterative process to synthesise categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 15 frameworks covered more than only lobbying disclosures, with the most common other theme about enforcement and compliance. Most frameworks were developed to evaluate lobbying transparency in particular jurisdictions, with the United States the most common. Of the 15 frameworks analysed, those developed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) focused mainly on improving lobbying regulations, while most peer-reviewed studies developed frameworks to measure, compare and evaluate lobbying regulations. We developed a Framework fOr Comprehensive and Accessible Lobbying (FOCAL). It comprised eight primary categories (scope, timeliness, openness, descriptors, revolving door, relationships, financials, and contact log) covering 50 total indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Government transparency plays a crucial role in facilitating access to information about commercial political activities like lobbying. Our framework (FOCAL) offers a template for policy-makers to develop or strengthen regulations to improve lobbying transparency so commercial political influence strategies are more visible and subject to public scrutiny. This is an important step towards rebalancing influence toward the public interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countering Coloniality in Global Health Comment on \"The Rhetoric of Decolonizing Global Health Fails to Address the Reality of Settler Colonialism: Gaza as a Case in Point\".","authors":"Autumn Asher BlackDeer","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.8670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary joins the chorus of rightful critiques of global health as it continues to further colonial agendas under the guise of supposed well-meaning efforts. Engebretsen and Baker rightfully call out the uptake of decolonial rhetoric in the field of global health, pointing out notable failures to actually challenge undergirding colonial structures and move beyond theory into meaningful action, using clear examples from the ongoing crisis in Gaza and global health's ongoing response (or lack thereof). In this work I bring together essential foundations of decolonial scholarship in order to further the work Engebretsen and Baker have defined as crucial reckoning points for the field of global health. This commentary will (1) ground our conversation by defining true decolonization, (2) delineate the coloniality of knowledge and its manifestations in global health, and (3) conclude with a call to develop a decolonial praxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating \"Différance\" or an Ontology That Is Same Old Same Old Comment on \"The Generative Mechanisms of Financial Strain and Financial Well-Being: A Critical Realist Analysis of Ideology and Difference\".","authors":"Lynn McIntyre, Catherine L Mah","doi":"10.34172/ijhpm.8565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.8565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glenn and colleagues carefully conducted a realist review of initiatives introduced in high-income countries intended to improve financial well-being (FWB) or reduce financial strain (FS) during the early days of the pandemic. They found that these initiatives were underpinned by either neoliberal or social equity ideologies, within which, social location acted on different groups. In this commentary, we suggest caution in applying labels such as neoliberalism and social equity when lumping social welfare policies; labour policies; housing and financial services policies; and service provision for health, seniors, childcare, and education across welfare state regimes. We also caution against aggregating equity-deserving groups from different contexts into a single otherness. We suggest a pragmatic reinterpretation of the study's findings and in future examinations of post-pandemic recovery in accordance with long-standing pragmatic methods of working in public health that seek to improve population health and well-being through collective action.</p>","PeriodicalId":14135,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management","volume":"13 ","pages":"8565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11365087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}