International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Comparison of Ulotaront (SEP-363856) and Ralmitaront (RO6889450): Two TAAR1 Agonist Candidate Antipsychotics.","authors":"Richard Ågren,&nbsp;Nibal Betari,&nbsp;Marcus Saarinen,&nbsp;Hugo Zeberg,&nbsp;Per Svenningsson,&nbsp;Kristoffer Sahlholm","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR1) agonists have been proposed as potential antipsychotics, with ulotaront and ralmitaront having reached clinical trials. While ulotaront demonstrated efficacy in a recent Phase II trial, a corresponding study studies of ralmitaront failed to show efficacy as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to atypical antipsychotics. In addition to TAAR1 agonism, ulotaront is a partial agonist at the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). However, little is known about ralmitaront.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared ulotaront and ralmitaront at TAAR1, 5-HT1AR, and dopamine D2 using luciferase complementation-based G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ralmitaront showed lower efficacy at TAAR1 in G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and GIRK activation assays. Moreover, ralmitaront lacked detectable activity at 5-HT1AR and dopamine D2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with ulotaront, ralmitaront shows lower efficacy and slower kinetics at TAAR1 and lacks efficacy at 5-HT1AR. These data may be relevant to understanding differences in clinical profiles of these 2 compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"599-606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/3a/pyad049.PMC10519813.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9954363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rolipram Ameliorates Memory Deficits and Depression-Like Behavior in APP/PS1/tau Triple Transgenic Mice: Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis via cAMP Signaling.","authors":"Yi-Fan Cong,&nbsp;Fu-Wang Liu,&nbsp;Li Xu,&nbsp;Shuang-Shuang Song,&nbsp;Xu-Ri Shen,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Xue-Qin Hou,&nbsp;Han-Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer disease (AD) and depression often cooccur, and inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) has been shown to ameliorate neurodegenerative illness. Therefore, we explored whether PDE4 inhibitor rolipram might also improve the symptoms of comorbid AD and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>APP/PS1/tau mice (10 months old) were treated with or without daily i.p. injections of rolipram for 10 days. The animal groups were compared in behavioral tests related to learning, memory, anxiety, and depression. Neurochemical measures were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of rolipram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rolipram attenuated cognitive decline as well as anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. These benefits were attributed at least partly to the downregulation of amyloid-β, Amyloid precursor protein (APP), and Presenilin 1 (PS1); lower tau phosphorylation; greater neuronal survival; and normalized glial cell function following rolipram treatment. In addition, rolipram upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) to reduce apoptosis; it also downregulated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α to restrain neuroinflammation. Furthermore, rolipram increased cAMP, PKA, 26S proteasome, EPAC2, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 while decreasing EPAC1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rolipram may mitigate cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior by reducing amyloid-β pathology, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. These effects may be mediated by stimulating cAMP/PKA/26S and cAMP/exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC)/ERK signaling pathways. This study suggests that PDE4 inhibitor rolipram can be an effective target for treatment of comorbid AD and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"585-598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519811/pdf/pyad042.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of: Regional Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Dendritic Spine Density Confer Resilience to Inescapable Stress.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519807/pdf/pyad036.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Hormone Dynamics Are Coupled to Brain Serotonin 4 Receptor Availability in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A NeuroPharm Study.","authors":"Gunild M Vulpius,&nbsp;Kristin Köhler-Forsberg,&nbsp;Brice Ozenne,&nbsp;Søren V Larsen,&nbsp;Arafat Nasser,&nbsp;Claus Svarer,&nbsp;Nic Gillings,&nbsp;Sune H Keller,&nbsp;Martin B Jørgensen,&nbsp;Gitte M Knudsen,&nbsp;Vibe G Frokjaer","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A prominent finding in major depressive disorder (MDD) is distorted stress hormone dynamics, which is regulated by serotonergic brain signaling. An interesting feature of the cerebral serotonin system is the serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R), which is lower in depressed relative to healthy individuals and also has been highlighted as a promising novel antidepressant target. Here, we test the novel hypothesis that brain 5-HT4R availability in untreated patients with MDD is correlated with cortisol dynamics, indexed by the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Further, we evaluate if CAR changes with antidepressant treatment, including a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and if pretreatment CAR can predict treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-six patients (76% women) with a moderate to severe depressive episode underwent positron emission tomography imaging with [11C]SB207145 for quantification of brain 5-HT4R binding using BPND as outcome. Serial home sampling of saliva in the first hour from awakening was performed to assess CAR before and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Treatment outcome was measured by change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 6 items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the unmedicated depressed state, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices 5-HT4R binding was positively associated with CAR. CAR remained unaltered after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, and pretreatment CAR did not significantly predict treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight a link between serotonergic disturbances in MDD and cortisol dynamics, which likely is involved in disease and treatment mechanisms. Further, our data support 5-HT4R agonism as a promising precision target in patients with MDD and disturbed stress hormone dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aromatase Inhibition and Electroconvulsive Seizures in Adolescent Rats: Antidepressant and Long-Term Cognitive Sex Differences.","authors":"Sandra Ledesma-Corvi,&nbsp;M Julia García-Fuster","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We recently showed sex differences in the antidepressant-like potential of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) in adolescent rats; whereas it worked for male rats, it was inefficacious in females. Because sex steroids might be important modulators of these sex disparities, we evaluated the role of estrogens in the differential response induced by adolescent ECS. Moreover, given the literature suggesting certain cognitive sequelae from ECS exposure, we aimed at evaluating its long-term safety profile in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 mL/kg/day) for 8 days (i.p.) and treated during the last 5 days (3 hours later) with ECS (95 mA, 0.6 s, 100 Hz) or SHAM. Antidepressant-like responses were measured in the forced swim test, and long-term cognitive performance was assessed in the Barnes maze.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During adolescence, whereas ECS alone exerted an antidepressant-like response in male rats, its combination with letrozole permitted ECS to also induce efficacy in females. Moreover, adolescent ECS treatment improved cognitive performance in adulthood although exclusively in male rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescent ECS demonstrated an antidepressant-like potential together with certain long-term beneficial cognitive effects but exclusively in male rats. For females, efficacy was restricted to a situation in which the biosynthesis of estrogens was reduced. Therefore, estrogens and/or testosterone levels play a crucial role in the sex disparities induced by ECS in Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on this study and on the literature supporting its safety, ECS should be encouraged for use in cases of treatment-resistant depression during adolescence, while adhering to sex-specific considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"607-615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Neurofilament Light Chain With the Antidepressant Effects of Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion Among Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.","authors":"Wei-Chen Lin,&nbsp;Tung-Ping Su,&nbsp;Cheng-Ta Li,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Wu,&nbsp;Ya-Mei Bai,&nbsp;Yu-Li Liu,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Tu,&nbsp;Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of neurofilament light chain (NFL) in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is unclear. Whether baseline NFL concentrations are associated with the antidepressant effects of low-dose ketamine infusion has not been determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NFL concentrations of 71 patients with TRD and 17 healthy controls were assessed. Patients with TRD were randomly administered a single infusion of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine, or normal saline. Depressive symptoms were assessed before infusion and sequentially at postinfusion timepoints (after 240 minutes and after 2-7 and 14 days) using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, patients with TRD were more likely to have higher concentrations of NFL than healthy controls (P < .001). A generalized estimating equation model with adjustments for infusion group, age, sex, body mass index, and baseline HDRS scores showed that baseline NFL concentrations were positively associated with subsequent HDRS scores following low-dose ketamine infusion (P = .038).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Higher concentrations of NFL were observed among patients with TRD compared with healthy controls. Baseline NFL concentrations may predict the antidepressant effects of low-dose ketamine infusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"649-653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4f/81/pyad045.PMC10519806.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10228661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(S)-Ketamine but Not (R)-Ketamine Shows Acute Effects on Depression-Like Behavior and Sleep-Wake Architecture in Rats.","authors":"Szabolcs Koncz,&nbsp;Noémi Papp,&nbsp;Dóra Pothorszki,&nbsp;György Bagdy","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Racemic ketamine consists of two enantiomers, namely (R)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine, with distinguishable pharmacological properties. Both enantiomers have been reported to show rapid antidepressant effects in rodents. Currently, the (S)-enantiomer has been approved for the treatment of major depression, whereas (R)-ketamine failed to show antidepressant effect in recent clinical studies. Major depressive disorder is frequently characterized by disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and disruption of non-REM (NREM) sleep. Racemic ketamine and most conventional antidepressants affect these parameters. However, it remains largely unknown which enantiomer is responsible for these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we compared acute effects of the two ketamine enantiomers (15 mg/kg i.p.) on different sleep-wake stages in freely moving, EEG-equipped rats. We also evaluated the antidepressant-like activity of the enantiomers in a chronic restraint stress model of depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(S)-ketamine but not (R)-ketamine increased REM sleep latency and decreased REM sleep time at 2 and 3 hours, and increased electroencephalogram delta power during NREM sleep. In addition, only (S)-ketamine increased wakefulness and decreased NREM sleep in the first 2 hours. In the forced swimming test, only (S)-ketamine decreased the immobility time of chronically stressed rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effects of the two ketamine enantiomers on rat sleep-wake architecture and behavior are markedly different when administered in the same dose. (S)-ketamine remarkably affects the sleep-wake cycle and very likely sleep-related neuroplasticity, which may be relevant for its antidepressant efficacy. Our results regarding (R)-ketamine's lack of effect on vigilance and behavior are in line with recent clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"618-626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/7f/pyad050.PMC10519815.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10343691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Study Reveals Long-Term Effects of MDMA on the Brain's Glutamate-Glutamine Complex.","authors":"Apochi Obed Okwoli","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad048","url":null,"abstract":"significant","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"616-617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum, Impulsivity, and Severity of Use in Recently Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals.","authors":"Xue Dong, Simon Zhornitsky, Wuyi Wang, Thang M Le, Yu Chen, Shefali Chaudhary, Chiang-Shan R Li, Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyac019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijnp/pyac019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have focused on both ventral striatum (VS) and dorsal striatum (DS) in characterizing dopaminergic deficits in addiction. Animal studies suggest VS and DS dysfunction each in association with impulsive and compulsive cocaine use during early and later stages of addiction. However, few human studies have aimed to distinguish the roles of VS and DS dysfunction in cocaine misuse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined VS and DS resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 122 recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs) and 122 healthy controls (HCs) in 2 separate cohorts. We followed published routines in imaging data analyses and evaluated the results at a corrected threshold with age, sex, years of drinking, and smoking accounted for.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CDs relative to HCs showed higher VS rsFC with the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), lower VS rsFC with the hippocampus, and higher DS rsFC with the left orbitofrontal cortex. Region-of-interest analyses confirmed the findings in the 2 cohorts examined separately. In CDs, VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was positively and negatively correlated with average monthly cocaine use in the prior year, respectively. In the second cohort where participants were assessed with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), VS-left IFC and VS-hippocampus connectivity was also positively and negatively correlated with BIS-11 scores in CDs. In contrast, DS-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity did not relate significantly to cocaine use metrics or BIS-11 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings associate VS rsFC with impulsivity and the severity of recent cocaine use. How DS connectivity partakes in cocaine misuse remains to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"627-638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/1f/pyac019.PMC10519818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9999768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Adherence to Guideline Recommendations for Pharmacological Therapy Among Clinicians and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia.","authors":"Fumitoshi Kodaka,&nbsp;Kazutaka Ohi,&nbsp;Yuka Yasuda,&nbsp;Michiko Fujimoto,&nbsp;Hidenaga Yamamori,&nbsp;Naomi Hasegawa,&nbsp;Satsuki Ito,&nbsp;Kentaro Fukumoto,&nbsp;Junya Matsumoto,&nbsp;Kenichiro Miura,&nbsp;Norio Yasui-Furukori,&nbsp;Ryota Hashimoto","doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyad037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinician adherence to guideline recommendations in the pharmacological therapy of schizophrenia is important for favorable patient outcomes. To evaluate whether prescriptions followed the guidelines for pharmacological therapy of schizophrenia, we recently developed a summary indicator of multiple quality indicators: the individual fitness score (IFS). It is unclear whether adherence to the guidelines is related to patient outcomes. Here, we investigated correlations between the IFS values and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed whether patients' current prescriptions adhered to the guideline recommendations using the IFS in 47 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and 353 patients with non-TRS (total n = 400), respectively. We investigated correlations between the IFS and total scores and scores on the 5 subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Furthermore, we explored correlations between over 2-year longitudinal changes in IFS values and changes in psychotic symptoms in some patients (n = 77).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant negative correlation between the IFS and PANSS total score in all patients with schizophrenia (β = -0.18, P = 9.80 × 10-5). The IFS was significantly and nominally negatively correlated with the PANSS total score in patients with non-TRS (Spearman's rho = -0.15, P = 4.40 × 10-3) and patients with TRS (rho = -0.37, P = .011), respectively. The IFS was also significantly and nominally negatively correlated with several factors, such as the negative and depressed factors, in patients with non-TRS and patients with TRS, respectively (P < .05). Furthermore, the change in IFS values was marginally negatively correlated with the changes in PANSS total scores and scores on the positive and depressed factors (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that efforts to improve clinician adherence to guideline recommendations for pharmacological therapy of schizophrenia, as assessed by the IFS, may lead to better outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14134,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"26 8","pages":"557-565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/27/pyad037.PMC10464927.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}