Cancer Science & Research最新文献

{"title":"Potentiation of Anticancer Effect by Combination of Mushroom Extract and Grapeseed Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells","authors":"J. Elyaguov, N. Gopal, Ashley Dixon, M. Choudhury, S. Konno","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although bladder cancer is the second-leading urologic cancer next to prostate cancer in the United States, few effective and satisfactory therapeutic options have yet been established. As we have been searching for certain natural remedies with anticancer activity, we came across the two natural products, namely mushroom extract (PL) and grapeseed extract (GSP). Accordingly, we investigated if the combination of these two extracts could further potentiate anticancer effect on bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Human bladder cancer T24 cells were separately treated with PL, GSP, or their combination, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To explore the anticancer mechanism, severity of oxidative stress was assessed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay, activities of epigenetic regulators were determined by enzymatic assays, and apoptotic regulators were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: PL and GSP alone led to a ~20% and ~25% cell viability reduction at 20 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. When the same concentrations of PL and GSP were then combined, cell viability was drastically reduced to merely ~15% ~85% reduction) in a synergistic manner. Concomitantly, the PL/GSP combination led to a ~3-fold increase in oxidative stress, assessed by LPO assay. Activities of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase were significantly lost by ~50% and 55% with the PL/GSP combination, respectively. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic regulator) was down-regulated while Bax (pro-apoptotic regulator) was up-regulated with the combination, implying induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: This study shows that the combination of PL and GSP can synergistically induce the significant reduction (~85%) in T24 cell viability, demonstrating an extensive potentiation of anticancer effect. Such a profound effect is accompanied by increased oxidative stress, chromatin modifications, and ultimate apoptosis. Therefore, the PL/GSP combination may offer a more effective and safer regimen for bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117067065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Treatment with Oncoshuttle","authors":"V. Pak","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Oncofetal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) activates in developing as well as in growing cancer cells. It delivers polyunsaturated fatty acids through specific cell receptors. AFP-binding receptors are also discovered on myeloidderived suppressor cells which suppress the immune response to the embryo and to the tumor. After AFP receptormediated endocytosis these cells release AFP for the next run for nutrients. The AFP natural shuttle delivery manner can be used for cancer treatments. Oncoshuttle is an exogenous AFP able to bind and deliver toxins instead of nutrients to cancer and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a repeated way. Toxins for shuttling should have a higher than albumin or other blood proteins binding affinity to AFP. AFP wins the competition for the ligand over albumin due to its unique hydrophobic pocket. Injectable AFP-toxin non-covalent complexes, as well as oral porcine AFP-toxin ones, have demonstrated anticancer activity. The possible role of neonatal Fc receptor in transcytosis of oral porcine AFP-toxin complexes to gastrointestinal tract lymph nodes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132149305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Nanocarrier based Delivery Systems of Methotrexate: Update 2020","authors":"Devang B Patel, P. Tiyyagura, Bhaumik M Patel, N. Mamidipalli, Hima Bindu Maroju","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Methotrexate is commonly used as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent to cure various types of cancerous and auto-immune disorders. An optimum dose of MXT is proven to inhibit the di-hydro-folate-reductase that obstruct the purine multiplication. The nanotechnology-based carriers have outranged in since decade and fabricated as multifunctional complexes to cater medicinal agents for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The present review aims on upbringing the understanding the various formulation development of MXT-loaded nanocarriers that have been reported with significance in the treatment of cancers. Also, in this paper, we have comprehensively listed various marketed MXT nanoformulation available in the market with a great safety, efficacy and been promising with great results in patients across the globe.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132511892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of NF-kB Regulators (BCL-3, NFKB1, NFKB2) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Arta Fejzullahu, T. Telli, Irem Peker Eyuboglu, P. Yumuk, A. I. Guney","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1068","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aim: BCL-3, upregulated in several cancers, functions as a crucial player not only in cell cycle and apoptosis, but also in metastasis. The study aimed to analyse the expression profile of BCL-3 and its interacting partners in metastatic breast cancer. Materials and methods: mRNA expression levels were evaluated in blood samples of metastatic breast cancer patients (n=55) and in healthy control donors (n=50) by RT qPCR. SPSS 26 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Expression levels of BCL-3 mRNA was downregulated in metastatic breast cancers patients compared to healthy control group (p= 0.0004). Subsequently, expression levels of the NFKB1 (p= 0.0005), NFKB2 (p=0.0001), CYLD (p= 0.00042) and TP53 (p= 0.0287) were significantly lower in metastatic breast patients compared to healthy controls. CCND1 and CDH2 gene expressions were significantly upregulated in metastatic group (p=0.0009; and p= 0.0030, respectively). GSK3B, SMAD3 and TGFB1 expressions were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: This study indicates significant expression difference between patients and controls. The NF-κB regulators might induce the metastatic potential through interaction with the other molecules in the microenvironment, nevertheless, it is needed further research whether the importance of BCL-3 as a biomarker for metastatic breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127357429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-Modulators and Thyroid Function in Oncological Patients with Hashimoto 'S Thyroiditis","authors":"Matozza Francesco, Artero Guillermo H, Artero Guillermo, Levy Daniel, Carvallo Héctor","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1067","url":null,"abstract":"Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a form of chronic lymphocytic thyoriditis, of autoimmune origin and multiple physiopathogenic pathways, which may or may not be associated with other autoantibody diseases, both endocrinological (P.A.S.) and non-endocrinological (M.A.S.). Likewise, HT can coincide -in the same patient- with very varied oncological pathologies, with which it can interact in a usually negative way. In this article, the benefit achieved in cancer patients who also had HT is evaluated through the use of immune-modulators.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131010019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dysfunction Among Female Patients with Breast Cancer Attending Out Patient Clinic in Khartoum Center of Radiation and Isotope (2018)","authors":"Azza Mustafa Mohamed Eljaali, A. Abdelrahman, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1066","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer can bring about multiple physical and psychological challenges. Among the greatest challenges, are those associated with female sexual function? Objectives: This study was designed to study sexual dysfunction among female patients with breast cancer attending outpatient clinic in Khartoum center of radiation and isotope Sudan in2018. Method: A cross sectional study was performed on 180 female patients with breast cancer attending outpatient clinic in Khartoum center of radiation and isotope at Khartoum state during 2018. The Data were collected using questionnaire forms then data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) v 24.0. Result: In this study 57.2% were in the age group (31-45) years, 75.6% were homemakers, 35.6% had secondary education level. The majority of women had 11-15 years of marriage and 1-5 years of disease, 92.2% were used chemical treatment, 60.6% used surgery, 42.4% used radiation and only 18.3% used hormones. This study revealed that, 41.2% of women had lost sexual interest and desire, 34.5% lost sexual pleasure 22.8% had sexual aversion, 29.7% lost excitement, 25% vaginismus and dyspareunia, 13.4% problem in Sexual performance, 12.5% orgasm dysfunction , 28.8%reduce Sexual satisfaction, 18.9% can't reach Resolution. Conclusion: The study concluded that sexual dysfunctions in women with breast cancer is high, there was correlation between sexual dysfunction with age, duration of disease and treatment methods.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115523712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumcision of Male Children in the Community Service Project: The Characteristics and Prospective Follow up Study","authors":"B. Daryanto, Kurnia Penta Seputra, Reza Amorga, H. Naim","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1065","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objectives: Circumcision is a procedure that involves removing the prepuce, the fold of skin covering the head of the penis. Various medical and non-medical conditions are known indications for circumcision. Various medical benefits and complications are also known to be associated with circumcision. This study aims to provide an epidemiological characteristics of the indications and complications of circumcision. Materials and Methods: This research is a prospective follow up study conducted in the context of a community service project on November 28th-29th, 2020. Circumcision was carried out according to medical and non-medical indications. Circumcision is performed by means of the dorsumcision technique. The operators were urology residents, surgery resident, and urologists. Results: There were a total of 49 participants registered in this circumcision activity, but 5 people had not passed pre-screening conditions, so they were excluded. There were 44 participants who underwent circumcision with a mean age of 10.3 years, a BMI of 19.9 and a penis length of 5.26 cm. 14 participants (31.8%) did not experience phimosis, while the rest had phimosis to varying degrees. There were 6 participants who experienced bleeding after circumcision and 5 participants who experienced delayed wound healing at 1 week post-procedure monitoring. In the second week after the procedure, all participants experienced no symptoms of complications. Conclusion: Effective and safe circumcision is performed by medical and non-medical indications. There are no long-term complications associated with circumcision.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"21 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133586837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Webinar in Providing Non-Traumatic Urology Emergencies Education to Medical Personnel during Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Kurnia Penta Seputra, M. M, H. Naim, M. Sl, B. Daryanto","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of webinar as a medium to provide information and education in the field of non-traumatic urology emergencies. Methods: A descriptive analytic research design with cross sectional approach was conducted for all participants. The learning outcomes were assessed by comparing the pretest and the posttest. Result: A total of 775 participants were included in this study. It showed a significant improvement in average score from pre-test to post-test (p<0.000). It also showed a similar result in almost all of the topics with p<0.005, except for the topic of treatment of urinary retention with p=0.434. Conclusion: The webinar should be considered as one of the effective educational media to provide information and education on non-traumatic urology emergencies for medical personnel during COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129063054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laterality of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in Oman","authors":"B. A. Al Bahrani, I. Mehdi, E. A. Monem, A. Farsi, N. Lawati, A. Nada","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1059","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first most predominant malignancy in men, a bit less 3rd commonest in women. The prevalence rate is higher in developed than in developing economies, though the pattern is gradually changing. In Oman, CRC prevalence rate has shown a significant escalating pattern in the recent past. From 1996 to 2012, CRC incidence in Oman has increased by 282% in females and 386% in males. There is emerging data that right and left sided lesions are different in terms of aetiology, pathogenesis, biologic behaviour, genetic makeup, response to treatment and outcome. This study has looked at this issue in the Omani population of CRC. Methods: Eligible CRC patients treated at the Royal Hospital were identified from electronic medical record (Al-SHIFA 3) and Oman cancer registry data base (Ministry of Health) from 1998-2013. The BMI (body mass index), age, gender, stage, tumour location, K-Ras status, and Diabetes mellitus (DM) were explored. The RAS mutation status test (mutant type MT or wild type WT) was carried out in Lab21. Log regression was conducted to estimate the association between food intake, BMI, presence of metabolic syndrome, and level of physical activity with both cancers. Data was analysed using the SPSS. Results: Total number of patients treated at Royal Hospital were 492, 193 females (44%) and 214 males (56%). About 71.9% of patients were less than 60 years of age. The obese and overweight patients were 201 (57.3%). The rectum was found to be the predominant site of the tumor. The left sided tumors were significantly higher, 4 out of every 5 tumors (80.3% Vs 16.4%). The patients with right sided CRC were slightly younger, had a higher BMI, and more likely to be diabetic. The tumors of the left colon are more K-ras wild while those of the right colon are more K-ras mutant. Conclusions and Discussion: The right sided tumors as per our study are younger; with significant obesity, diabetes, and K-Ras mutant, and this correlates with high meat and protein consumption in the Omani population. The sidedness or laterality of CRC needs further study in Oman. There is emerging data that right and left-sided lesions are different in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, biologic behaviour, genetic makeup, response to treatment and outcome.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124779899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationalizing Nanodeliverables for Effective L-Asparaginase Delivery in Chemotherapy: Update 2020","authors":"Mallesh Kurakula, Shashank Gorityala, Pratap Basim, Mingze Sun, Chandana Mannem","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1063","url":null,"abstract":"L-asparaginase is used as an effective line of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma, however, the high cost for this treatment restricts the wide-scale clinical application. Genetic engineering technology is used to recombinantly express L-asparaginase, with high yield, which reduced the costs of production, and overall therapy. Despite the effectiveness of this therapy, intravenous injection of L-asparaginase has some side effects, such as allergic reactions, immunosuppression, pancreatitis, neurotoxicity, hepatitis, coagulopathy, and failure to produce antibodies. To overcome this limitation, Nano-delivery systems using nanoparticles as the carrier of L-asparaginase is used as a new type of drug carrier delivery system. It can increase the permeability of biofilms, enhance drug efficacy, reduce drug toxicity, change the distribution of drugs in the body, and improve bioavailability. In this review, we summarized the application of a variety of nano-lipid and polymers as protein recombinant drug carrier systems, and these nano-carrier systems facilitate to increase the blood circulation time, reduce side effects, and improve the biocompatibility of L-asparaginase medicine. The review specifically adds value as there is no article available that has attempted to elevate the emerging Nanodeliverables and their significance in delivering L- sparaginase safely by achieving maximum therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125885606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}