Cancer Science & Research最新文献

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Suppresses The Expression Levels of Serum Cytokines in Follicular Lymphoma Patients","authors":"M. Lugos, V. Perikala, JM Banda, BN Lekshak, T. Vem, I. Mamman, O. Damulak","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1075","url":null,"abstract":"Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B-cell neoplasm. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic cytomegalovirus infection impacts the immunity of FL patients. This study was designed to unveil the impact of CMV infection on FL biology. Pretreatment serum samples from 42 FL patients recruited into a phase 3 FL clinical trial to compare two alternative frontline chemoimmunotherapy regimens were used. Twenty-one (21) of these patients had tested positive for CMV IgG antibodies, whereas 21 patients were negative. A multiplex assay was employed to measure the expression levels of 27 cytokines in each of these samples. Results were then compared between CMV-positive and CMV- negative groups using the Mann-Whitney U test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Sera from CMV-positive FL patients showed decreased expression levels of most cytokines than those from the CMV-negative population. Data shows a statistically significant down-regulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-17A, FGF-basic, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β expression in CMV-positive FL patients compared to the CMV-negative group. Overall, our results suggest that CMV infection down-regulates the expression levels of serum cytokines in FL. Complementary studies to investigate immune cells in these patients' blood and tissue biopsies could provide a comprehensive perspective on the impact of CMV infection on FL.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123185674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Immunotherapy on Cancer","authors":"Rachel M. Morris, Shayna N. Scott, Toni O. Mortimer, Abigail Schekall, K. O’Neill","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1080","url":null,"abstract":"Since the start of the 21st century, immunotherapies geared to treating cancer have continued to be refined. After a slow decline in cancer mortality rate during the last few decades, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is now expected to possibly increase advanced cancer stage and mortality in the future, due to delayed diagnosis and treatment resulting from recent reorganization in healthcare. Thus, the development of new cancer immunotherapies has never been more urgent. Novel research focusing on MOTO-CARs or CAR-Ms may have particular importance in revolutionizing CAR-T cell therapy. The following mini-review outlines a brief history of immunotherapy discoveries and new treatments against cancer, and reports the recent progress in checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, CAR-T cell therapies, and other major immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134533344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Breast Cancer Management Comparative Cross Sectional Study in Sudan and Greece","authors":"A. H. Mustafa, C. Dimitrakakis, G. Zografos, K. Toutouzas, F. Zagouri","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1078","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prognosis of breast cancer depends mainly on early detection of the disease it is also well known the stage at diagnosis is inversely associated with the five-year survival rate nodal involvement is main prognostic factor. Other factors are associated with the prognosis of breast cancer like the molecular subtype of the tumor, socioeconomic status of the patient, and the modalities of treatment received. The management of the patient is going to be planned according to stage at diagnosis, aggressiveness of the breast cancer disease; of course, the timing of investigation and treatment is influenced by the socioeconomic status of the patient. We have recorded invasive or non- invasive breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, site of the disease right, left or bilateral, type of surgery. Comparison of these factors in two countries both of them they have no national screening program for breast cancer like Sudan and Greece, but there is difference in population education. The breast cancer patients in Greece are treated at specialized breast units and in Sudan patients are treated in general hospitals by general surgeons. General objectives: To evaluate different modalities of breast cancer treatment set up and outcomes of breast cancer in both countries Sudan and Greece. Methods: The study is a comparative cross sectional case control study performed at Bashair Alneelain University Teaching & Elsharif Hospitals in Sudan, Hippokrateion General Hospital of the University of Athens and Alexandra General Hospital of the University of Athens in Greece. Inclusion criteria: included female patients that were diagnosed with breast cancer underwent appropriate treatment and with five years survival rate. The study compared 100 breast cancer patients from Sudan and 94 breast cancer patients from Greece. Control 100 female patients from Sudan and 66 female patients from Greece diagnosed with a benign disease of the breast. Informed consent was obtained in all cases. Results: The first result we found more invasive breast cancer in Sudan than in Greece (42.27%), and (9.28%) for noninvasive than Greece (29.8%), and (19.07%) respectively, the p-value of chi-square test (.001) more bilateral breast cancer in Greek patients. There is significant increase of mastectomy in Sudan than in Greece, more chemotherapy on the other hand more conservative breast surgery and hormonal therapy in Greece and recurrence occurs on the contralateral breast. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients in Sudan presents at late stage, younger age group with negative estrogen receptors tumors and higher rate of local recurrence. Breast cancer cases in Greece are diagnosed at earlier stage and old age group than in Sudan, bilateral, estrogen receptors positive treated with hormonal therapy and conservative breast surgery. Management of breast cancer at specialized breast clinics gives better outcome even in countries where there is no national screening program for early detectio","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115342689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer Grows and Proliferates Due to Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Epithelium","authors":"T. Ohara","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1076","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: The details of how intestinal microbiota are involved in the carcinogenesis, growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer have not been elucidated. This study investigated how intestinal microbiota were involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, growth and proliferation. Subjects and Methods: Samples were feces and tumor epithelium of patients with colorectal cancer (n=18), and analyzed using a metagenomic analysis after collected genomic DNA from each sample. Results: According to the functional analysis of common microorganisms in feces and tumor epithelium microflora of patients with colorectal cancer, there were no microorganisms which activate any carcinogenic pathways and cancer-related signals. There were observed microorganisms involved in tumor growth such as expression of transporters essential for amino acids uptake, DNA replication / repair, RNA degradation, transcription factors and microorganisms involved in tumor metabolism. Conclusions: Although the colorectal carcinogenic mechanism was unknown, it has been suggested that colorectal cancer may grow and proliferate due to crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and tumor epithelium.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128887349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental status and Physical Activity during COVID 19 Pandemic Confinement: A Study on Adult Kuwaiti","authors":"Ahmad R. Al-Haifi, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh, Nayef Y. Bumaryoum, Rasha H. Ashkanani, H. Kilani","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the novel COVID 19 pandemic and its associated social distancing and confinement procedures, the lifestyle of the individuals and their daily routine were affected and hence, their health. This study aims to find if physical activity level of the Kuwaiti adults during COVID 19 pandemic confinement have an influence on their mental status. Moreover, this study is investigating whether there are significant differences in the lifestyle behaviors, health and mental status attributed to the gender variable. Methods: in this study, a self-reported across-sectional survey was distributed online on a sample of (357) Kuwaiti adults. The demographic data were collected through a self-completed DCI. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight (kg) and height (cm). Mental status was assessed by WHO-5 and the Physical Activity (PA) level was assessed using IPAQ. The variables were presented in the form of means, frequencies and percentages. One –way Chi-square test was used to compare between the groups and Chi-Square test for categorical variables. Moreover, the relationships between physical activity and mental status were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The results of this study revealed on a low level of physical activity (62.5%), excellent health status (79.3%), weak sleep quality (68.9%) and good mental status (64.4%). The results showed also that the previous variables are different according to the gender variable. Conclusion: This study found that there is a significant relationship between the mental status and the level of daily physical activity, and it was found that the mental status scores better the higher the level of physical activity.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoints are Important Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"A. Ratna, Shyamali Mukherjee, Salil K. Das","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy has become one of the greatest advances in medical oncology over the last century; however, the optimal application for the treatment of different types of cancer remains an active area of investigation. Modern immunotherapy strategies augment the immune system and ideally, permit durable tumor-specific immune memory to target and kill cancer cells. This era began when first immune checkpoint inhibitor, ipilimumab, was approved. In fact, several monoclonal antibodies that mediate the immune checkpoint receptors have provided the most clinically meaningful improvement for cancer patients to date. Checkpoint blockade as monotherapy has demonstrated some encouraging results, although some combination strategies appear to augment those responses and may be particularly effective when administered earlier in the course of disease. Additionally, we have also discussed previous and ongoing clinical studies testing individual or combination immunotherapy in cancer patients. Overall, the goal of this review is to provide a summary and current status of immune checkpoints and their inhibitors as therapeutic approaches of cancer immunotherapy and highlight promising future directions. Clinical Trials Registration Numbers: NCT00094653, NCT00257205, NCT01866319, NCT02142738, NCT02302807, NCT01903993, NCT02125461, NCT00732082, NCT01968109, NCT02061761, NCT02817633, NCT03489343, NCT04570839, NCT00298181, NCT00298168, NCT00876902, NCT03812328, NCT02812875, NCT04475523, NCT02768558, NCT02617589, NCT02039674, NCT02030834, NCT03545815, NCT03289962.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical and Molecular Evaluation of Oncoprotein HER-2 in Women's Breast Cancer in The Republic of Congo","authors":"A. Boumba, Dimitry Moudiongui Mboungou Malanda, Fabien Gaël Mouamaba, Exaucé Céleste Abena Gueyan, Fidèle Détila Mabouene, D. Moukassa, J. Peko","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1074","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a variety of morphological and molecular characteristics impacting treatment response. This study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR the overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer in women in the Republic of Congo. Materials and Methods: We conducted an 8-month cross-sectional descriptive study. 25 paraffin biopsies of breast cancer cases in patients diagnosed at the University Hospital of Brazzaville were collected. Epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects were studied. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.64 ± 13.20 years (31-80 years). 60% of the patients had a right localization of the tumor. 76% of the patients had an invasive nonspecific type carcinoma. The T4b N1a M0 stage was predominant, representing 56% of the study population. SBR histopronostic grade 1 was represented by 60% of patients. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive in the range of 45% and 60%, respectively. The HER2 oncoprotein was positive in 12% (3/25) of 25 cases for IHC. The luminal group was in the majority with 32%. Molecular analysis of the HER2 gene by RT-PCR revealed over expression in 60% (15/25) of cases, 3 of which were already positive for IHC. With the \"AmoyDx® HER2 Mutation Detection Kit\", 12 mutations were identified, 10 of which involved exon 20, ie 83.33% and 2 mutations with exon 19, ie 16.67% of cases. The correlation of the over expression of the HER2 gene showed a statistically significant difference between the two techniques, p <0.00003. Conclusion: HER2 is known as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer, making this receptor a valuable therapeutic target. However, its highlighting by IHC remains cumbersome and subject to false negatives. Hence molecular analysis could play a crucial role in decision-making when implementing targeted breast cancer therapies in Congo.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129293558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Antioxidants in Platelet Aggregation and their Stimulation of NK Cells Against Cancer Cells Line K562","authors":"Ioannis K. Toliopoulos","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1070","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Toliopoulos JK. The Role of Antioxidants in Platelet Aggregation and their Stimulation of NK Cells Against Cancer Cells Line K562. Cancer Sci Res. 2021; 4(3): 1-3. Konstantinion Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Non-Profit Foundation, Thessaloniki, Greece. *Correspondence: Ioannis K. Toliopoulos, Konstantinion Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Non-Profit Foundation, Thessaloniki, Greece.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Redox Metabolism and Malignancy","authors":"Burlaka Ap, Yevtushenko Oi, Burlaka АA, Yatsyna Oi, Lukin Sn, G. Ii","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1072","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the tumor microenvironment has a direct impact on the understanding of the mechanisms which regulate cancer progression and treatment. Tumor cells undergoing profound changes in their own intrinsic metabolism affect the microenvironment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with the predominant metastases (Mts) into the liver. Mts in liver tissues (LT), adjacent to Mts (AMT) and remote tissues (RMT, taken at the distance of 5 cm from Mts) from 25 patients with metachronous liver Mts after the liver resection as well as blood and urine were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) including the spin-trapping EPR for the detection and quantification of the activity of N2 iron-sulfur proteins, levels of NO-N2 complexes, labile iron pool (LIP), lactoferrin (Lf), superoxide and NO radicals. Activity of metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined. In adjacent and remote LT low activity of N2 in mitochondrial electron transport chain (EPR signal with g=1.94), loss of functions of detoxification system (cytochrome P450, g=2.25), appearance and growth of NO-N2 complexes (g=2.007) are obtained. Intensive EPR signals from LIP (g=2.2-2.4) and Lf (g=4.3) are registered. Superoxide generation rates were of up to 6 times higher than in the reference LT tissues and blood (p<0.001). NO levels are of 1.7 times higher for the AMT compared to RMT (p<0.05) while being 15 times higher for blood comparing to the reference species (p<0.001). Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was registered both in AMT and RMT and is in 1.7 times higher in ALT (p<0.05). The obtained results can be used to estimate the functional state of organs and tissues with distant metastases, the risk of recurrence, to correct the antitumor therapeutic procedures.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mifepristone May Be the Best Single Pharmaceutical Agent for Treatment of a Variety of Advanced Cancers","authors":"J. Check, D. Check","doi":"10.33425/2639-8478.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-8478.1073","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: To provide evidence to support the provocative statement that the progesterone receptor modulator (antagonist) mifepristone may be the best single anticancer drug to use for advanced metastatic cancer. Objective: A summary of cancer cell line studies, controlled treatment trials of several types of spontaneous murine cancers, and anecdotal human case reports that support the premise of this review, is provided. The concept suggests that the mechanism of action involves the suppression of an immunosuppressive protein called the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) that requires stimulation of a membrane progesterone receptor for its production. Findings: Cell line studies show that mifepristone can down-regulate PIBF production by many different leukemia cell lines and inhibit proliferation of cancer cell lines, e.g., ovarian cancer and glioblastoma multiform stage IV. Controlled murine studies found improved longevity and quality of life as monitored by body conditioning scores following oral gavage of mifepristone including leukemia, lung, testicular, and prostate cancer. Most importantly, mifepristone anecdotally has been found to provide extension of life and improved quality of life in patients with a large majority of advanced cancers that were no longer responding to any available anticancer drug options. These cancers include colon, kidney, small cell and non- mall cell lung, pancreatic, thymic epithelial cell, transitional cell of the renal pelvis, grade IV glioblastoma multiform, fibrous osteogenic sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma cancers. Of note, the majority of the cancers treated are not known to be associated with the presence of classical nuclear progesterone receptor. Conclusions: Related to additional benefits of easy oral administration, low cost, low risk of short-term side effects, or immediate, severe, or delayed severe complications, and its efficacy despite starting it, in general, in late stages of advanced metastatic disease in patients previously treated with standard or experimental drugs, and its beneficial effects in a large variety of cancers, mifepristone may be the best single agent anticancer drug for the treatment of advanced cancers.","PeriodicalId":141306,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Science & Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115003672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}