{"title":"Anisotropic fatigue limit estimation for a notched single crystal superalloy based on the theory of critical distances","authors":"Motoki Sakaguchi , Keita Mase , Itsuki Sasakura , Shunsuke Tanaami , Takahiro Fukuda , Takanori Karato","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The notch effect on the high-cycle fatigue strength of the Ni-based single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4 was investigated, focusing on the influence of crystallographic anisotropy. High-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature on smooth and notched specimens, each with two different secondary crystal orientations. The experimental results for the notched specimens revealed that while their crack initiation sites and propagation paths differed, their fatigue strengths were comparable for the two orientations. Subsequently, finite element analysis was performed on models simulating the notched specimen to predict the experimentally observed fatigue limit based on the theory of critical distances (TCD). It was demonstrated that the anisotropic fatigue limit could be accurately predicted by determining the critical distance based on the observed crack initiation and early propagation modes. This high accuracy was achieved using both the axial normal stress field from an elastic analysis and the shear stress field on the slip plane from a crystal plasticity analysis. The former prediction provides a practical tool for engineering applications, while the latter offers a mechanistically-based rationale for the crystallographic notch effect in fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109309"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaogang Liu , Pinzhou Zhu , Zhenmin Qian , Sihui Yang
{"title":"Fatigue life prediction methodology for welded joints considering defect effects","authors":"Xiaogang Liu , Pinzhou Zhu , Zhenmin Qian , Sihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper focuses on defect detection, quantitative characterization, and fatigue crack growth life prediction considering defect effects for 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV argon arc-welded joints used in engine combustion chamber casings. First, X-CT technology was used to detect microscopic defects in different weld zones. Through three-dimensional defect reconstruction, the defect sizes and distribution patterns in various weld regions were quantitatively characterized. The maximum characteristic defect sizes were predicted using extreme value statistical analysis. Subsequently, based on fatigue crack growth test data analysis of welded joint heat-affected zones, a NASGRO equation describing the complete crack growth process in welded joints was established. Based on these findings, the model was further modified by incorporating variations in threshold values and closure parameters during short crack growth. By combining defect morphology, size characteristics, and extreme value statistical analysis results, defects were equivalently treated as semi-elliptical cracks to calculate the fatigue life of joints under different stress levels. Comparative analysis with experimental results demonstrated that the predicted lives from the modified model all fell within a factor of two scatter band, indicating its practical significance for fatigue life assessment of welded joints considering defect effects. Furthermore, the modified model was applied to extend the conventional stress-defect model (K-T diagram), establishing a stress-defect-life diagram that enables fatigue life evaluation of welded joints with various initial defect sizes under different stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sameer D. Meshram, Elina Vanderhenst, Antonio Cutolo, Brecht Van Hooreweder
{"title":"Torsional and axial tension/compression fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V diamond lattices produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)","authors":"Sameer D. Meshram, Elina Vanderhenst, Antonio Cutolo, Brecht Van Hooreweder","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing importance to characterize additively manufactured lattice structures in different load regimes cannot be overemphasized due to their robust load bearing applications in lightweight structural parts or biomedical implants. This study investigates the torsional fatigue behavior of metallic diamond cell structures to check the mean stress sensitivity of these meta-materials. Consistency in results for torsional fatigue is achieved by a unique sample design that minimizes stress concentration, is self-centering and graded. In addition, axial fatigue in tension–tension, compression–compression and tension–compression is studied. The tensile mode is found to be most detrimental to fatigue life of all axial modes. An analytical local stress method (LSM) is presented to estimate the maximum local stresses that occur in the structure. By using this approach, axial tension/compression and torsion fatigue experiments almost fall together due to the similar maximum local stress. Reverse calculations from these local stress curves can provide valuable insight into torsional strength when data are available only for axial fatigue tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankur , Ateeb Ahmad Khan , Indra Vir Singh , Bhanu Kumar Mishra , Ramadas Chennamsetti
{"title":"Progressive fatigue damage modelling of bi-directional composites under block loading: Influence of stress ratio and load sequence","authors":"Ankur , Ateeb Ahmad Khan , Indra Vir Singh , Bhanu Kumar Mishra , Ramadas Chennamsetti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the fatigue response of bi-directional composites under block loading conditions. A new progressive damage model is employed for the fatigue life evaluation of the bi-directional composites. The proposed model addresses two key aspects essential for accurate fatigue life prediction of composites: (a) stress-ratio-dependent stiffness degradation, and (b) the influence of load sequence and cycle mixing on the cumulative damage evolution. Two separate damage evolution laws are given for tensile and compressive stiffness degradation. This enables a precise representation of damage progression under tension–tension and tension–compression fatigue loading. The model’s predictive capability is evaluated across multiple loading scenarios, encompassing a range of load levels and stress ratios. Special emphasis is placed on assessing the role of load sequence and the nonlinear effects arising from prior compressive damage on subsequent tensile behaviour and accelerated damage induced by load reversals. The numerical predictions demonstrate an excellent agreement with the in-house experimental fatigue test results conducted on bi-directional GFRP to accurately capturing critical phenomena such as sequence-induced life reduction and stress-interaction effects. Overall, the study establishes a robust and simplified framework for the modelling of fatigue damage in composites under variable amplitude loading, offering significant advancements over conventional life prediction methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayin Fu , Xun Yang , Da Guo , Yanyan Li , Tianen Yang , Zhehao Wang , Ling Chen
{"title":"Deep in-situ core-preserved coring: A novel full-cycle crack propagation model of the pressure storage chamber","authors":"Jiayin Fu , Xun Yang , Da Guo , Yanyan Li , Tianen Yang , Zhehao Wang , Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressure storage chamber (PSC) for deep in-situ core-preserved coring (ICP-Coring) serves as the key component for in-situ coring and preserving of deep core samples. Subject to long-term in-situ high-temperature and high-pressure loads during service, the chamber surface is prone to fatigue crack initiation and progressive propagation, which may eventually lead to structural failure. To ensure its operational safety, gaining a deep insight into the full-cycle evolution process of surface crack propagation in the PSC is critical. Since existing formulations cannot adequately analyze multi-factor coupling effects, this study develops a full-cycle crack size propagation iterative model (FCS-PI model) for PSC surface cracks to address this limitation. This model incorporates a correction mechanism accounting for the coupled effects of stress states, material microstructures, and environmental factors, enabling the quantitative characterization of the full life cycle of crack propagation in PSC. The universality and accuracy of the proposed iterative model are validated by comparing crack propagation theory calculations with practical engineering cases. The FCS-PI model accurately predicts the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), yielding a sum of squared error (SSE) of 6.05 × 10<sup>-6</sup> and an average deviation of only 1 % in predicting the critical cycle number (<em>N<sub>c</sub></em>). Furthermore, it demonstrates the smallest crack size deviations—2.2 mm in depth and 6.9 mm in length—outperforming the NASGRO, Forman, and Walker models. The model developed in this study effectively characterizes the full-cycle crack propagation of PSC, providing a more accurate approach for the safety assessment of surface crack-induced failure under high-temperature and high-pressure loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109321"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xulong Chen , Weiping Hu , Yicun Zeng , Jian Li , Di Zhang , Zhixin Zhan , Qingchun Meng
{"title":"A damage mechanics-based fatigue life prediction method for TC4 components considering combined influence of scratch defects and structural geometric features","authors":"Xulong Chen , Weiping Hu , Yicun Zeng , Jian Li , Di Zhang , Zhixin Zhan , Qingchun Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aircraft structural components may suffer surface scratches during manufacturing or service. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted on TC4 titanium alloy specimens with scratch defects to investigate the influence of scratch depth on fatigue life. Based on continuum damage mechanics and the fatigue damage evolution law of scratch-free materials, an equivalent fatigue damage model was developed, which incorporates the effect of surface scratches while avoiding complex finite element simulations and significantly reducing computational effort. To account for the combined influence of scratch defects and local geometric features, the model was further enhanced by incorporating stress gradient effects and multiaxial equivalent stress. Multiaxial fatigue tests on open-section scratched TC4 titanium alloy tubes were conducted to validate the enhanced model, and the predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data. The methodology enables direct fatigue life estimation of scratched components based on stress analysis of scratch-free counterparts, eliminating the need for complex local stress field analysis around scratches and demonstrating significant advantages for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue crack initiation mechanism and life prediction of laser-arc hybrid welded TC4 titanium alloy joints","authors":"Zheng Lei , Long He , Ruilin Liu , Xu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium alloy welded structures in aerospace applications frequently undergo high-cycle fatigue (HCF) failure under high-frequency cyclic loading. Microstructural inhomogeneity in weld zones induces divergent deformation mechanisms, while welding defects compromise the accuracy of conventional life prediction models. This study systematically investigates HCF failure mechanisms in laser-arc hybrid welded TC4 titanium alloy joints under varying maximum cyclic stresses (σ<sub>max</sub> = 410–450 MPa). Microstructural characterization reveals: The weld zone comprises predominantly acicular α′ martensite (≈43 μm) and basket-weave structures, while the heat-affected zone (HAZ) exhibits refined α′ phase (≈22 μm). At low σ<sub>max</sub> (410 MPa), dense basket-weave structures surrounding pores obstruct dislocation slip and induce crack deflection, forming tortuous propagation paths that extend HCF life. Conversely, high σ<sub>max</sub> (450 MPa) triggers severe dislocation pile-up at α colony interfaces, accelerating crack propagation through colony channels and significantly reducing HCF life. To address prediction uncertainties caused by defect-induced life scatter, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) model is developed. This framework integrates defect parameters (size √area, distance d, circularity Cir) with physical laws via penalty-function-constrained loss functions. Compared to conventional BPNN, the PINN model improves test-set prediction accuracy by 16 % (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86), mitigates over-fitting, and confines nearly all predictions within triple-error bands. This research has achieved rapid and precise assessment of the fatigue life of welded titanium alloy components, providing critical technical support for lightweight design and reliability assurance in aerospace equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fu-Lai Cheng , Bin Zhang , Xiu-Feng Gong , Xin-Sen Sun , Wei-Si Zhang , Gang Liu , Guang-Ping Zhang
{"title":"Mechanism-based fatigue life prediction for polymer-based Cu current collectors in Li-ion batteries","authors":"Fu-Lai Cheng , Bin Zhang , Xiu-Feng Gong , Xin-Sen Sun , Wei-Si Zhang , Gang Liu , Guang-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of ultra-high energy density and enhanced safety for next-generation Li-ion batteries has driven the shift from metallic to polymer-based current collectors, yet their ultrathin micron-scale metal layers are highly susceptible to fatigue-induced damage with no predictive design tools available. Here, fatigue cracking mechanism of polymer-based Cu current collectors fabricated via one-step and two-step routes is investigated using a real-time resistance method. Quantitative analysis of fatigue crack density reveals that slip-band-dominated cracking is gradually suppressed, with damage becoming localized at pre-existing defects when the strain amplitude exceeds the critical threshold of 0.5 %. Building on these mechanistic insights, a mechanism-based fatigue life model integrating the modified Tanaka-Mura model (for slip band-dominated crack initiation) and the Paris law (for defect-driven crack growth) is proposed to determine the upper and lower bounds of fatigue life. The model demonstrates good agreement with experimental data, partitioning fatigue behavior into two distinct regimes: a slip-band-dominated region, optimized by microstructure design, and a defect-dominated region, controlled by defect tolerance criteria to enhance fatigue resistance in current collectors. Additionally, the model quantifies the maximum tolerable defect sizes required to achieve theoretical slip-band-dominated fatigue limits. Together, these results establish a predictive framework and actionable design principles for engineering fatigue-resistant polymer-based current collectors in advanced battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damage characterization and fatigue life prediction for CFRP laminates under biaxial fatigue loading","authors":"Zelin Zha, Chao Zhang, Chongcong Tao, Fuqiang Wu, Jinhao Qiu, Weixing Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the biaxial tension-shear fatigue experiment was performed on the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using a modified Arcan fixture (MAF). The degradation of axial and shear stiffness of the laminate was measured with the digital image correlation (DIC) during the fatigue experiment. A novel energy-based damage variable was proposed, and the damage evolution model was established considering the effects of multiaxial stress states. The method for the determination of the model parameters was comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, damage evolution and the fatigue life of the CFRP laminates under tension-shear biaxial fatigue loading were predicted with the proposed fatigue damage model. Results show that the predicted damage evolution aligns well with the experimental data, and the fatigue life predictions fall within a 4-times scatter range, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed damage model and providing an insight into the analysis of composite materials under multiaxial fatigue loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gazi Tanvir , Mahdi Sadeqi Bajestani , Md Abdul Karim , Saiful Islam , Yongho Jeon , Duck Bong Kim
{"title":"Heat treatments for microstructure modification and mechanical properties enhancement of wire-arc additively manufactured tungsten-inconel bimetallic structures","authors":"Gazi Tanvir , Mahdi Sadeqi Bajestani , Md Abdul Karim , Saiful Islam , Yongho Jeon , Duck Bong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of three heat treatment conditions—stress relief, recrystallization annealing, and solution treatment with aging—on the microstructure, tensile properties, and high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of wire-arc additively manufactured 90WNiFe–Inconel 625 bimetallic structures. After heat treatment grain coarsening was observed in Inconel 625 (95–200 µm) side, while 90WNiFe grains experienced slight reduction in size (12–17 µm). Stress relief and recrystallization annealing promoted δ-Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb, modified Laves phases, and carbide precipitates at the interface, whereas δ-Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb was dissolved after solution treatment with aging. The as-built solidification texture of WAAM-Inconel 625 was mostly preserved, with grain growth partially disrupting the strong 〈001〉 texture following solution treatment and aging. The highest tensile strength was achieved for stress relief condition (758 MPa, 14 % above as-built), while solution treatment with aging provided the highest ductility (35 % elongation, 28 % increase). High cycle fatigue testing (R = 0.1) after stress relief demonstrated extended fatigue life from 10<sup>6</sup> to beyond 10<sup>8</sup> cycles, with most specimens surviving >20 million cycles at 150 MPa. Improvements in fatigue performance were attributed to increased ductility and reduced residual stress, as no interfacial failures were observed below 90 % yield strength. Fracture occurred in bulk Inconel 625 or 90WNiFe regions, with crack initiation dominated by surface defects. Fractography revealed mixed ductile–brittle failure in Inconel 625 and brittle fracture in 90WNiFe while crack propagation was influenced by the presence of secondary δ-Ni<sub>3</sub>Nb particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}