International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety最新文献

{"title":"Metals in mussels from Italian mollusc culture plants","authors":"F. Ceriani, L. Chiesa, S. Panseri, F. Arioli","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8387","url":null,"abstract":"The beneficial effects on human health of seafood are well known. However, seafood is a major source of exposition for consumers of most of the contaminants due to human activities such as breeding, industries, mining and agriculture: the overall level in biota, therefore seafood and particularly molluscs, dramatically increased over this last two centuries. This study evaluates the presence of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium in mussels from the Italian mussel culture plants, and estimate the risk that Italian consumer undergoes eating these molluscs. Mussels where collected at the wholesale fish market of Milan, the most important wholesale Italian fish market. The molluscs belonged to the   37 FAO marine area (corresponding to Mediterranean Sea), particularly from FAO 37.2.1 Ligury, 37.2.2. North Adriatic, middle Adriatic, Puglia, 37.2.3 Lazio and Sardinia, and were collected from July 2016 to February 2017. (FIG1). Analyses were carried out through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3050B method. The sample concentrations were below the Maximum Levels (ML) given by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 for Cadmium, Lead and Mercury, except one sample from south Adriatic sea, that showed Mercury concentration of 0.528 mg kg -1 . Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium ML are not stated by EU. Arsenic concentration ranged from 2.05 to 13.35 mg kg -1 , with the highest values found in Italian molluscs, Nickel concentration ranged from 0.00 to 3.98 mg kg -1 . Chromium was found only in 5 of 30 sample analysed with a maximum concentration of 0.590 g kg -1 . The tolerable intakes recommended by EFSA and on EU maximum levels, indicate that Italian mussels do not pose a risk consumers.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sheep head frame validation for CT and MRI studies","authors":"M. Trovatelli, F. Acocella, S. Brizzola, M. Ghiringhelli, D. Zani","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8400","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introductions Aim of EDEN 2020 project’s Milestone 5 is the development of a steerable catheter for CED system in glioblastoma therapy. The VET group is involved in realization and validation of the proper animal model. Materials and methods In this part of the study two fresh sheep’s head from the local slaughter were used. The heads were located into an ad hoc Frame system based on anatomical measures and CT images, producted by Renishaw plc partner in this project. The frame was adapted and every components were checked for the ex vivo validation tests. CT imaging was taken in Lodi at Universita degli studi di Milano, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, with CT scanner and MRI imaging was taken in La Cittadina, Cremona Results System validation was approved by the ex vivo trial. The frame system doesn’t compromise the imaging acquisition in MRI and CT systems. Every system components are functional to their aims. Discussion The Frame system is adapted to the sheep head. It is composed by elements able to lock the head during the imaging acquisition. Frame system is characterized by a support base helpings the animals to keep the head straight forward during imaging time, under general anesthesia. The design of these device support the airways anatomy, avoiding damaging or obstruction of airflows during anesthesia period. The role of elements like mouth bar and ovine head pins is to lock the head in a stable position during imaging acquisition; fixing is guaranteed by V shape head pins, that are arranged against the zygomatic arches. Lateral compression forces to the cranium, and the V shape pins avoid the vertical shifting of the head and any kind of rotations. (fig. 1)","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can lipid supplementation modulate inflammatory state and immune response in periparturient goats? A case study on hepatic and adipose miRNA expression","authors":"G. Farina, A. Agazzi, G. Invernizzi, G. Savoini, J. Loor","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8385","url":null,"abstract":"Saturated or unsaturated fatty acids compounds were administered to second-parity twins-diagnosed alpine dairy goats. Experimental groups were fed either calcium stearate (ST, n.7), fish oil (FO, n.8) or a control diet without any fat supplement (C, n.8) from one wk before (30g/head/d of fatty acids) to three wks after kidding (50g/head/d of fatty acids). ST provided 26% C16:0 and 69.4% C18:0 while FO provided 10.4% EPA and 7.8% DHA. Both ST and FO diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, with the same calcium content. Previous obtained results on metabolic, productive parameters and mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory response let us to consolidate the hypothesis that in goat lipogenesis is reduced across the transition period, if compared to cow, moreover FO can postpone or reduce lipomobilization. Based on these previous results, miRNA expression was performed on the same hepatic and adipose biopsies (collected on day -7 and 7 and 21 from kidding), as a new perspective in controlling cellular pathways, implicated in adipogenesis and metabolic and endocrine functions. We examined miR-26b and 155 for the infiltration of immune cells, miR-99a, 145 and 221 for the inflammation and lipolysis, miR-143 and 378 for pro-adipogenic function. MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software were used for statistical analysis. No diet effect, but a time effect for miR-155 and a tendency for miR-221 were found. The increase of their expression over the time after kidding let us to speculate that goats have to face a postponed and more contained inflammation due to the lipolysis, when compared to cows.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time dry matter content of corn silage by a microwave sensor","authors":"V. Perricone, A. Agazzi, A. Costa, M. Lazzari, G. Savoini, A. Calcante, F. Tangorra","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8383","url":null,"abstract":"Daily dry matter (DM) intake in dairy cow is a central point to meet nutritional requirements and optimal performance, reducing the incidence of metabolic diseases. DM content of some forages, such as silages, can undergo huge variations during storing, affecting the total daily DM consumed. Reference laboratory method is time consuming and cannot be applied to daily changes in diet composition. Currently, new promising real-time technologies are available to monitor the DM content of feeds. The aim of the study was to test and calibrate a portable microwave sensor (MS) for DM content in corn silage samples. Twenty-two samples were collected from a corn silage front; sampling procedure was optimized to collect as much as DM content variability as possible within the samples. MS readings were performed with 3 different methods for each samples: 1) directly on the silage front, 2) with the MS over the collected sample and 3) with MS placed under the sample. After the first MS reading, a correspondent silage sample was obtained by a silage corer for readings 2 and 3 and the laboratory DM content assay. A simple regression analysis was performed (JMP, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2015) over obtained data. Results evidences as the best MS reading method is represented by the probe burdening on the sample (R 2 =0.75) with respect to the other methods. The obtained results outlined as, with a correct reading method, MS can be valuable tool to determine DM content of corn silage directly at farm level.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Golden retriever in European dogs with lymphoma: preliminary data","authors":"M. Cozzi, S. Comazzi, S. Marelli, R. Rizzi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8437","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Canine breeds, being genetic clusters, are good models for studies on genetic predisposition. Golden retriever (GR) has been described with a high incidence of both lymphoma overall (19%) and T zone lymphoma (TZL, 40%) with differences in different geographical areas in US. This breed predisposition is confirmed in Japanese but not in European (EU) case series although specific studies are still lacking. Aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of GR in a huge case series of canine lymphomas from different EU countries and to compare prevalence of different subtypes with studies in extra-EU countries, in order to support a possible different genetic predisposition. Materials and methods. Signalment data on 1734 consecutive cases of canine lymphoma collected from 9 different European countries are retrospectively analysed. When subtypes are available, cases are furtherly separated in three subtype groups: 1) B-cell lymphoma, 2) T-cell lymphoma-high grade, 3) TZL. Odds ratio (OR) for different lymphoma subtypes are calculated in comparison with mixed breed population, considered as control. Results. Overall prevalence of GR is 5.19% (range 1.59-7.32%) of lymphoma cases and differs from that reported in American and Japanese caseloads. Prevalence slightly varies among EU countries and no subtypes predilection is found if compared with mixed breed. Concerning Italian cohort, GR is not predisposed to develop a lymphoma when normalized for the breed prevalence (OR=1.49, 95% confidence interval=0.87-2.55, p=0.14). Discussion. Prevalence of lymphoma in EU population of GR is much lower than that of US. No predisposition is identified in EU GR for TZL differently from US and Japan. Being genetic of European GR population quite different from American and Japanese ones this suggest a possible different genetic predisposition. Slight differences in GR lymphoma prevalence among European countries likely reflects different breed distribution rather than different genetic predisposition.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90870634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow cytometry for feline lymphoma: a retrospective study about pre-analytical factors possibly affecting the quality of samples","authors":"S. Bernardi, V. Martini, P. Marelli, M. Cozzi, S. Comazzi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8397","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Flow cytometry (FC) is an increasingly required technique on which veterinary oncologists rely to have an accurate, fast, minimally invasive lymphoma or leukemia diagnosis. FC has been studied and applied with great results in canine oncology, whereas in feline oncology the use of this technique is still to be experienced. This is mainly due to a supposed discomfort in sampling, because of the high prevalence of intra-abdominal lymphomas. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether any pre-analytical factor might affect the quality of suspected feline lymphoma samples for FC analysis. Methods 97 consecutive samples of suspected feline lymphoma were retrospectively selected from the authors’ institution FC database. The referring veterinarians were recalled and interrogated about several different variables, including signalling, features of the lesion, features of the sampling procedure and the experience of veterinarians performing the sampling. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the possible influence of these variables on the cellularity of the samples and the likelihood of being finally processed for FC. Results None of the investigated variables significantly influenced the quality of the submitted samples, but the needle size, with 21G needles providing the highest cellularity (Table 1). Notably, the samples quality did not vary between peripheral and intra-abdominal lesions. Sample cellularity alone influenced the likelihood of being processed. About a half of the cats required pharmacological restraint. Side effects were reported in one case only (transient swelling after peripheral lymph node sampling). Conclusions FC can be safely applied to cases of suspected feline lymphomas, even for intra-abdominal lesions. 21G needle should be preferred for sampling. This study provides the bases for the spread of this minimally invasive, fast and cost-effective technique in feline medicine.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Weather Impacts on Biomass Production of Moringa oleifera at Different Fertilizer Doses","authors":"N. Huda, K. S. Haque, B. Roy, N. R. Sarker","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8001","url":null,"abstract":"A year round agronomical trial was conducted on station (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute) to investigate the impact of seasonal variations on biomass production of Moringa oleifera at different fertilizer doses in Bangladesh. A 6×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) was applied on 20m×12m =240 m2 size plot, established in 2006 with a plant density of 13,500/hectare, was equally divided into 18 sub-plots and randomly grouped into three; 6 plots was treated as control, 6 plots was treated as medium with medium doses of fertilizer and rest 6 was treated as high fertilizer dose with the ratio of N.P.K was 90:30:15 and 160:60:40 kg/ha, respectively. The obtained result revealed that, the summer was the best season and autumn, monsoon and spring was also favorable for getting maximum yield of Moringa oleifera with ambient temperature ranges 27-32 0 C and fertilization dose N:P:K= 90:30:15 is suitable for optimum moringa production and chemical composition of moringa varied with season and slightly with fertilization.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76158048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peribulbar block in equine isolated heads. Development of a single needle technique and tomographic evaluation","authors":"V. Rabbogliatti, M. Giancamillo, D. Zani, D. Gioeni, F. D. Cesare, E. D'urso, D. Zani, G. Ravasio","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8412","url":null,"abstract":"Peribulbar block (PPB) has been used in humans as a safer alternative to retrobulbar block (RBB). PBB, depends on the diffusion of anaesthetic solution into the muscle across the connective tissue and it is performed introducing the needle within the extraconal space. The advantages are fewer complications and palpebral akinesia. In Veterinary Medicine few studies describe this technique in dogs (Ahn J 2013) and cats (Shilo-Benjamini et al. 2013). Based on literature the aim of the study is to determinate, in equine specimens, feasibility of inferior PBB with single needle injection, by using contrast medium (CM), and to evaluate thought Computed Tomography (CT) the distribution around the optic nerve (degrees). PBB was performed in 6 orbits. The mixture injected consisted of 20 ml of physiological solution and iodinated CM at 25%. Each periorbital area underwent three CT scans. A basal acquisition to assess the needle position before the injection, a second and third scan were performed immediately after injection, and after application of pressure on the periorbital surface area to promote CM diffusion. The needle position was measured from the tip to the optic nerve with a mean distance of 2,27 mm ± 0,28. The mean volume distribution before pressure application was 23,56 cm 3 ± 2,58 and after pressure application was 27,56 cm 3 ± 4,8.  The CM distribution, was defined (Nouvellon et al. 2010) “successful” in 4 orbits (>270°) and “inadequate” in 2 orbits (<180°). The present study demonstrates feasibility of inferior PBB by single injection in horses for its simple and practical execution. Inferior PPB is a potential alternative to systemic administration of neuromuscular blocking agents for ophthalmic surgery. However, this approach needs to be evaluate in clinical trials to assess its feasibility and effectiveness in clinical practice for standing procedures.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81492845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in agri-food wastes and by-products using different extraction methods","authors":"M. Castrica, C. Giromini, R. Rebucci, D. Gottardo, V. Bontempo, A. Baldi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8382","url":null,"abstract":"Agri-food wastes (AFW) and by-products chain still have the potential to be reprocessed into other production systems. AFW and by-products may contain components that could be valorised for their bioactivity, such as polyphenols and antioxidant molecules that can be used as a source of functional ingredients for feed industries. However the bioaccessibility of these products are higly variable and dependent on a range of factors, one of the most important being food matrix characteristic. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of several AFW (fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), citrus pulp, strawberry and orange dried) and by-products (grape marc, Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace and whey) using different extraction protocols. A total of 24 samples were processed using two different extraction methods: chemical extraction and in vitro physiological extraction. Afterwards, the polyphenolic content was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu assay while antioxidant capacity was determined by 2, 2-Azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) assay. Soy and wheat samples were included as controls in all the experiments. Results obtained showed that the chemical extracts of by-products and AFW contain different amount of polyphenols; in particular, as expected, the grape marc showed the highest polyphenolic content with a value of 4.5% w/w, followed by Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace, FVW, orange and strawberry dried showed a polyphenolic content of 1.3, 0.7, 1.3, 1.6 and 1.3 %w/w, respectively. Considering the antioxidant capacity, grape marc exhibited a significant (P<0.05) value of 573.6 μmol Trolox equivalent/g after chemical extraction compared to the other samples considered. The physiological extraction yielded high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that during the digestion the bioaccessibility of phenolic and antioxidant compounds was improved. The results obtained in this study indicate that AFW and by-products could be considered a promising source of antioxidants and phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89538804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance profiling of Standardbred racehorses by means of Treadmill Exercise Testing","authors":"L. Stucchi, M. Dosi, F. Ferrucci","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8447","url":null,"abstract":"Treadmill exercise testing can be performed on a horse to evaluate the level of fitness with the aim of predicting performance (Franklin and Allen, 2014). The speed at 2 mmol/L of blood lactate (VLA2), the speed at 4 mmol/L (VLA4) and the speed at 200 bpm of heart rate (V200) are indices that have been related to performance (Corouce et al., 2002). Aim of the present work is to analyze these parameters in a population of high performance Standarbred racehorses. Six healthy and at the same level of training Standardbred racehorses (average age 3,3±2,0 y.o.) underwent an incremental exercise test (Zucca et al., 2003) on a high speed treadmill (Sӓto I, SATO, Sweden). During the test heart rate (HR) was monitored with a heart rate meter (Polar horsetrainer, Polar, Finland). Venous blood was collected with the aid of a 14G teflon venous catheter placed in the jugular vein. Plasma lactate was measured with enzymatic colorimetric method lactate dry-fast kit for automatic system (Cobas Mira Classic, Roche, Switzerland). Data were analyzed with a dedicated software (Lactate Express, Mesics, Germany) and VLA2, VLA4 and V200 were calculated and statistically compared by T-student test for paired sample (Prism, GraphPad, USA). Statistical significance was set at p<0,05. Average VLA2 was 8.3±0.5 m/s, average VLA4 was 9.2±0.4 m/s, average V200 was 8.1±0.9. There was a significant difference between VLA4 and V200 (Fig. 1). No difference was observed between VLA2 and V200 V200 is often reported to be close to VLA4, and considered as correspondent to the onset of blood lactate accumulation (Corouce et al, 2002). According to our results, it may be argued that V200 is a measure that does not fit with the lactate threshold. These data could be used as control for further studies on racehorses with poor performance syndrome.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74179510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}