International Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Some unsolved questions regarding future of marine geology","authors":"T. K. Mallik","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00252","url":null,"abstract":"particle transport, numerical modeling facies architechture , crystal","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77915527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The boom, the blunder and the brunt of Wetlands conversion and urbanisation in Port Harcourt Municipality","authors":"Brown Ibama, Dapa Idaminabo Nengi","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00251","url":null,"abstract":"Port Harcourt municipality as a developing city has over the years been inundated with rapid urbanisation and continuous city expansion. This development has led to an increasing demand for more land to cope with such pace of transformation. Land as a natural resource is finite, yet the demand for more land is unlimited. Based on this increasing demand for land for infrastructural, commercial, residential, institutional and industrial services, government, individuals and communities alike have resort to the reclamation and conversion of available wetlands within the Port Harcourt municipality. This study sets out to identify the boom, the blunder and the brunt of wetlands reclamation and conversion within Port Harcourt Municipality; with specific objectives to ascertain the nature of spatial expansion within the wetland areas in Port Harcourt municipality; identify the extent to which urban growth has affected land use in the wetland areas within Port Harcourt municipality; and to establish the boom, blunder and the brunt of wetland depletion and conversion for urban land uses within the Port Harcourt municipality. The study adopts a quasi-experimental research design, it involves the gathering of retrospective data from various sources without the manipulation of the data sources. Sampling technique was multi-stage; listing of all forty-one wetland settlements; three settlements were purposively selected for ease of access and growing insecurity. Satellite images of the study sites were obtained from Google earth, delineated and gridlines were superimposed on the images. A time series analysis using ERDAS imagine 2014 version, was used to show spatial changes between the years 1986 to 2000, and 2000 to 2016, a time period spanning thirty years. The study indicates that from 1986 to 2000, Port Harcourt municipality lost a total of 1,255,500 m2, this translates to a 5% loss. This loss occurs at an average rate of 89,678.57m2 per annum. From 2000 to 2016, the rate of loss was 108,956.25m2 per annum, and approximately 7.69% of wetlands totalling 1,743,300m2 was lost to urbanisation. Improved urban services, economic prosperity, increased revenue represents some of the boom. Unnecessary incursion into the wetlands by groups, depletion of habitat for flora and fauna species, development of unplanned settlements is some of the blunders and declining urban quality of life, massive urban flooding, pressure on existing urban services, depletion of the already lean state resources are the brunt. Some recommendations include; conduct periodic geospatial mapping of wetlands to enable the listing of identified wetlands and identify existing species of flora and fauna for conservation, tourism development and preservation; there should be a strengthened development control framework to guide and encourage professionally trained and equipped manpower to manage wetlands and ensure acceptable best practices.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84763593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating nitrogen inputs, storage, and exports for a small watershed in the upper Mississippi river basin, USA","authors":"J. Magner","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00249","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen contributions to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone from agriculture watersheds are well documented. Beargrass creek watershed a 5,985hectare agriculturally dominated watershed in northern Indiana was instrumented to collect water quality data. A nitrogen budget was developed to account for net input and export of nitrogen from the watershed. Inputs consisted of fertilizer application, soil mineralization, and atmospheric deposition. Exports consisted of nitrogen removal in grain and stream exportation. Water quality testing at two gage stations, fourteen access tubes, and nine drainage tiles determined where excess nitrogen was stored. Nitrogen inputs was estimated at 1,004,213kg/year or 168 kg/ha/year in 2015. Total nitrogen exports accounted for 860,250kg/ha or 144kg/ha/year: with 30% of the applied nitrogen removed by Beargrass Creek through baseflow, tile flows, and storm event runoff.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84612531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of private provision of potable water in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area and its Socio-economic implications","authors":"I. Brown, Wocha Chikagbum, I. I. Weje","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00244","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a basic and necessary requirement for the existence of animals and plants, yet it is limited in supply in several parts of the world. Surges in human population and demand for water for different purposes such as agricultural, domestic and industrial usages are the major factors leading to water scarcity. Nigeria and the study area are blessed with abundant water resources including surface and groundwater, yet there is a palpable lack of adequate and safe potable water. Consequently, the populace resorts to private sources of water supply which has its negative externalities even though the effort seems laudable. Based on the above, the study examined the proliferation of private water supply, its challenges and socio-economic implications in Obio /Akpor local government area. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey, and data were collected with the use of both closed and open-ended questionnaire. It also involved the collection of the private borehole points with the use of a handheld global positioning system (GPS). Data were analyzed using the descriptive method of analysis and data presented in charts and tables. The result of the study showed that there were no specific distances maintained between borehole points, a good number of borehole locations were clustered in some parts of the study area. Also, distances between soakaway pits and borehole points were inadequate in some communities. Based on the prevalent minimum wage in the study area, both households that operate boreholes and those that buy water spent more. Some of the socio-economic implications of private provision of water supply include too much spending on water, creation of livelihoods for water vendors and vulnerability to waterborne disease such as typhoid since there is no minimum standard for borehole drilling and distance in the study area. The study recommended that the government should develop a private borehole drilling standard that would include the minimum distance that must be maintained between two boreholes on vertical and horizontal lines. Also, the activities of the private water vendors should be regulated, and operating license obtained before operating commercial boreholes. The study concluded thus, there should be a synergy between the private and public sector to ensure safe and affordable water supply since their activities cannot be undermined.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84727265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of emerging pollutants in ocean waters around king george Island, Antarctica","authors":"O.D. Junior, Maccarena Marcotti-Murua, Felipe Sotomayor Stephens","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00245","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging contaminants are a wide group of compounds that include several classes of organic substances. Personal care products, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial additives, monomers and plasticizers are examples of compounds included in emerging contaminants. In this work, four chemicals representing four classes of organic contaminants were investigated: salicylic acid, representing drugs; bisphenol A, a monomer widely used in the production of polymeric products; methylparaben, used as a preservative in cosmetics; and irgarol, a biocide used in agriculture and antifouling paints. A previously validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to determine the trace-levels of those compounds in ocean waters around King George Island, Antarctica. Salicylic acid and bisphenol A were found in many of the 20 samples investigated, which were collected on the northwest and southeast coasts of the island. Methylparaben and irgarol were found at low levels, each with only one occurrence. Although salicylic acid may originate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, the distribution and absence of this substance at some points suggest an anthropic origin. Bisphenol A was found in several sampling points, demonstrating contamination by plastics even though no correlation was found between these two compounds.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of water resources in central Asian countries","authors":"","doi":"10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00246","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors analyzed the current state of water use in Central Asian countries, identified the main problems of water use in this region. The concepts of improving the further rational use of water resources have been developed with the introduction of digital technologies.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"30 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89005808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The local meteoric relationship for 18O and 2H in precipitations and isotopic compositions of water resources in northeast Amara area (South of Iraq)","authors":"H. Ghalib","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00243","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on determining the Amara meteoric water line for the study area (AMWL) is defined or the first time, based on samples of precipitation collected Amara city - southeast of Iraq. For an adequate management of available water resources in semi-arid and arid regions, it is important to compare isotopic data of surface water and groundwater with the local meteoric relationship for d18O and dD in precipitations.Isotope values of precipitation indicate a local meteoric water line (Amara MWL δ2H = 7.51 δ18O + 10.82; R2=0.94) situated between the Mediterranean MWL and Global MWL. Both the slope and 2H intercept for AMWL are deviated from the global meteoric water line - GMWL (δ2H = 8.13 18O + 10) and Mediterranean MWL (δ 2H = 8.13 18O + 22). The slightly variation in isotopic compositions of the Missan rain (from -4 to +3.2‰ and from -20 to -14‰ for 18O and 2H, respectively) is because of slightly seasonal changes in precipitations in this area. The 18O and 2H isotopes of local water resources show that the rainwater is affected by the Arabian Gulf Arabian Sea potential moisture sources.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80052541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snow pollution in the water area of the world heritage lake","authors":"Belozertseva Ia, Vorobyeva Ib","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00242","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of the snow cover of the water area and the surrounding territory of Lake Baikal showed that the pollution of the area caused by the local sources spreads dozens of kilometers depending on the prevailing wind direction and reaches regional proportions in the central zone of Baikal’s basin. Air and snow pollution of the lake’s water area has been detected near the littoral residential zones and in the estuary of the Selenga River. The research also showed a small increase in the regional pollution for the past 5years (by a factor of 1,1 - 2 depending on a pollutant). However, according to the data gathered for the last 15years, the pollution decreased by a factor of two at the end of the 1990s and at the beginning of the 2000s due to the decline in manufacturing output.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"167 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91445923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory sessions and experiments paradoxes","authors":"Korotaev Ba","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00241","url":null,"abstract":"During research and experimentation in the laboratory, interesting phenomena are sometimes observed. Some arise in preparation for work, others during, others in random, purposeless experiments with the equipment available. Only a few of the observed ones are considered here. Some of phenomena are subjects to further research, such as rotation of various materials in electric field.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84726029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water environment pollution with its impact on human diseases in India","authors":"Rakhecha Pr","doi":"10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJH.2020.04.00240","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of water pollution in India is not a new one. It has been an age- old practice that people dispose of their waste into rivers and other water bodies. The consumption of polluted water is intimately connected with the occurrence of many deadly diseases. Rapid and unplanned population growth in India is a key factor to the whole equation of water pollution. This paper provides an overview of population growth, the mechanism of water pollutant load, causes of water pollution in India as well as the diseases resulting from the use of polluted water.","PeriodicalId":14063,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75151353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}